The issue of socio-economic development of the Khulun-Buir aimag in the Heilongjiang province during the years of the “cultural revolution” is considered (1969—1976). On the basis of monographs and statistical reference books published in China, the problem of the revival of the industrial base and agriculture in both Hulun Buir and Heilongjiang province is considered. It is proved that during these years there was an annual growth of the gross domestic product in the studied regions. Particular attention is paid to identifying the main reasons that contributed to the development of industry and other key sectors of the national economy in Hulun Buir and Heilongjiang province in 1969—1976. It was possible to trace the dynamics of the socio-economic development of the Khulun-Buir aimag in this period, according to which the author singled out three stages: the first stage (1969—1971) is associated with the political course of the CPC Central Committee on “preparation for war” and is characterized by the revival, first of all, of heavy and light industry; the second stage (1971—1975) is associated with the formation of a new policy, which contributed to the annual growth of GDP in the studied regions of China; the third stage (1975—1976) is characterized by an exacerbation of factional contradictions in the Chinese leadership, a sharp decline in the economic indicators of the Hulun Buir aimag and Heilongjiang province.