<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scidial</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nauchnyi dialog</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2227-1295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-2-157-187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scidial-4399</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИАКОММУНИКАЦИИ И ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА </subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS AND JOURNALISM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фейки в контексте взаимодействия исторического знания с языковыми и мыслительными структурами: междисциплинарная модель</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fakes within Context of Historical Knowledge Interacting with Language and Thought Structures: Interdisciplinary Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-2729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарапкова Анастасия Андреевна – кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языкознания заведующий лабораторией</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Sharapkova – PhD in Philology, Associate Professor, Department of English Linguistics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">warapkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-8087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меркулова Анастасия Михайловна –  кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории государственного и муниципального управления </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya M. Merkulova – in History, Associate Professor, Department of History of State and Municipal Administration</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">merkulova@spa.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова; &#13;
Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; &#13;
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарапкова А.А., Меркулова А.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарапкова А.А., Меркулова А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharapkova A.A., Merkulova A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/4399">https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/4399</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрен феномен fake news в качестве многоаспектной научной проблемы, неразрешимой без использования междисциплинарного подхода. Актуальность исследования обусловлена высокой степенью влияния фальсификаций на информационное восприятие человека, а следовательно, на когнитивную безопасность социума. Фейк рассмотрен как сложный конструкт, не обладающий четкими признаками, но оказывающий намеренное воздействие на человека. Особое внимание уделено характеристике взаимодействия когнитивных механизмов и языковых форм в практике взаимодействия с фейками. На примере опыта различных государств описаны практики борьбы с незаконным информационным контентом. В России история рассматривается как ключевой фактор государственной политики когнитивной безопасности. В статье обоснована необходимость поиска взаимодополняющих ресурсов в лингвистической и исторической науках для эффективного противодействия информационным манипуляциям и представлению недостоверной информации. Авторы пришли к выводу, что приоритетной задачей междисциплинарных исследований на современном этапе является создание комплементарной эмпирической научной базы с учетом методов когнитивной лингвистики, а также апробация теоретических моделей на реципиентах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The phenomenon of fake news is considered as a multifaceted scientific problem that cannot be solved without using an interdisciplinary approach. The relevance of the study is due to the high degree of influence of falsifications on the information perception of a person, and consequently, on the cognitive safety of society. A fake is analyzed as a complex construct that does not have clear signs, but has an intentional effect on a person. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the interaction of cognitive mechanisms and language forms in the practice of interaction with fakes. The concept of “post-truth” is considered as an instrument of influence of multiple subjects on the audience by proclaiming the multiplicity of truths. The practices of combating illegal information content, based on the experience of various states are described. It is noted that in Russia, history is considered a key factor in the state policy of cognitive security. The article substantiates the need to find complementary resources in linguistic and historical sciences for effective countermeasures against information manipulation and presentation of unreliable information. The authors concluded that the priority task of interdisciplinary research at the present stage is the creation of a complementary empirical scientific base taking into account the methods of cognitive linguistics and the testing of theoretical models on recipients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фейк</kwd><kwd>когнитивная безопасность</kwd><kwd>когнитивная лингвистика</kwd><kwd>историческое знание.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fake</kwd><kwd>cognitive security</kwd><kwd>cognitive linguistics</kwd><kwd>historical knowledge</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артемов А. А. Когнитивная безопасность в контексте новой цифровой реальности / А. А. Артемов, И. П. Дмитрий, В. И. Ковалев // Информационные войны. — 2020. — № 3. — С. 67—70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of economic perspectives, 31 (2): 211—36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабюк М. И. К вопросу о восприятии пропаганды советским человеком в условиях позднего СССР : опыт частного исследования / М. И. Бабюк // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 10. Журналистика. — 2021. — № 3. — С. 22—53. — DOI: 10.30547/vestnik.journ.3.2021.2253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artemov, A. A., Dmitry, I. P., Kovalev, V. I. (2020). Cognitive security in the context of a new digital reality. Information wars, 3: 67—70. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бебич Д. Новые проблемы — старые решения? Критический взгляд на доклад Экспертной группы высокого уровня Европейской комиссии о фейковых новостях и онлайн дезинформации / Д. Бебич, М. Воларевич // Вестник РУДН. Серия : Политология. — 2018. — № 3. — С. 447—460. — DOI: 10.22363/2313-1438-2018-20-3-447-460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babyuk, M. I. (2021). On the question of the perception of propaganda by a Soviet person in the conditions of the late USSR: the experience of private research. Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 10. Journalism, 3: 22—53. DOI: 10.30547/vestnik.journ.3.2021.2253. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белявская Е. Г. Фрейм? Фрейм… Фрейм! / Е. Г. Белявская // Когнитивные исследования языка. Учредители : Общероссийская общественная организация “Российская ассоциация лингвистов-когнитологов”. — 2021. — № 4 (47). — С. 17—24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balkin, J. M. (2018). Free Speech in the Algorithmic Society: Big Data, Private Governance, and New School Speech Regulation. University of California Davis Law Review, 51: 1149—1210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляевская Е. Г. Интерпретация знаний о мире в языке : методы изучения / Е. Г. Беляевская // Интерпретация мира в языке : коллективная монография. — Тамбов : Издательский дом ТГУ им. Г. Р. Державина, 2017. — С. 82—157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastrakova, K. D., Philippova, M. M. (2021). Political euphemism as a linguistic “nuclear weapon”. Moscow: Moscow university press. 182 p. ISBN 978-5-19-011491-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бодрийяр Ж. Симулякры и симуляции. Simulacres et simulation / Ж. Бодрийяр ; [пер. сфр. А. Качалова]. — Москва : Постум, 2015. — 238 с. — ISBN 978-5-91478-023-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baudrillard, J. (2015). Simulacra and simulations. Simulacres et simulation. Moscow: Postum. 238 p. ISBN 978-5-91478-023-1. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болдырев Н. Н. Интерпретирующая функция языка как проявление его антропоцентрической природы / Н. Н. Болдырев // Теоретическая семантика и идеографическая лексикография : эволюция интерпретаций. — Москва ; Екатеринбург : Кабинетный ученый, 2014. — С. 53—57. — ISBN 978-5-7525-2992-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bebich, D., Tsarevich, M. (2018). New problems-old solutions? A critical look at the report of the High-level Expert Group of the European Commission on fake news and online disinformation. Bulletin of the RUDN. Series: Political Science, 3: 447—460. DOI: 10.22363/2313-1438-2018-20-3-447-460. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Будаев Э. В. Современная российская политическая метафорология (2011—2020 гг.) / Э. В. Будаев, А. П. Чудинов // Филологический класс. — 2020. — № 2. — С. 103— 113. — DOI: 10.26170/FK20-02-09.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaevskaya, E. G. (2017). Interpretation of knowledge about the world in linguistics: methods of study. In: Interpretation of the World in Language: A collective monograph. Tambov: Publishing House of TSU named after G. R. Derzhavin. 82—157. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горяева Т. М. Политическая цензура в СССР, 1917—1991 гг. / Т. М. Горяева ; Уполномоченный по правам человека в Российской Федерации [и др.]. — 2-е изд., испр. — Москва : Фонд первого президента России Б. Н. Ельцина : РОССПЭН, 2009. — 405 с. — ISBN 978-5-8243-1179-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyavskaya E. G. (2021). Frame? The framework! Cognitive studies of language. Founders: All-Russian public organization “Russian Association of Cognitive Linguists”, 4 (47): 17—24. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилова А. А. Манипулирование словом в средствах массовой информации / А. А. Данилова. — Москва : Добросвет : КДУ, 2009. — 232 с. — ISBN 978-5-98227-613-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bennett, W. L., Segerberg, A. (2012). The Logic of Connective Action. Information, Communication and Society, 15 (5): 739—768. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дейк Т. ван. Дискурс и власть : репрезентация доминирования в языке и коммуникации / Тен ван Дейк ; [пер. с англ. Е. Переверзев, Е. Кожемякин]. — Москва : URSS, 2013. — 344 с. — ISBN 978-5-397-03766-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blake, A. (2017). Kellyanne Conway says Donald Trump’s team has 'alternative facts'. Which pretty much says it all. The Washington Post. Retrieved. January 22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дупан А. С. Мировые тенденции в регулировании цифровых платформ : от мягкого права и саморегулирования к императивам / А. С. Дупан, Ю. С. Бикбулатова // Закон и право. — 2022. — № 2. — С. 211—218. — DOI: 10.24412/2073-3313-2022-2-211-218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boldyrev, N. N. (2014). Interpretive function of language as a manifestation of its anthropocentric nature. In: Theoretical semantics and ideographic lexicography: evolution of interpretations. Moscow; Yekaterinburg: Cabinet Scientist. 53—57. ISBN 978-57525-2992-4. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заботкина В. И., Боярская Е.Л. К вопросу о динамической концептуальной семантике : моделирование структуры концепта «преодоление» / В. И. Заботкина, Е. Л. Боярская // Когнитивные исследования языка. — 2020. — Выпуск XXXVIII. — С. 208—216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budaeva, E. V., Chudinov, A. P. (2020). Modern Russian political metaphorology (2011— 2020)). Philological class, 2: 103—113. DOI: 10.26170/FK20-02-09. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заботкина В. И. Когнитивные механизмы эвфемизации манипулятивного характера / В. И. Заботкина, Е. М. Позднякова // Вопросы когнитивной лингвистики. — 2022. — № 4. — С. 55—64. — DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2022-4-55-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claverie, B., Cluzel, F. du. (2022). Cognitive Warfare: The Advent of the Concept of “Cognitics” in the Field of Warfare. Cognitive Warfare. The Future of Cognitive Dominance, NATO Collaboration Support Office. Available at: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ hal-03635889 (accessed 24.10.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ирисханова О. К. Игры фокуса в языке : семантика, синтаксис и прагматика дефокусирования / О. К. Ирисханова. — Москва : Языки славянской культуры, 2014. — 319 с. — ISBN 978-5-9551-0678-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dake, T. van. (2013). Discourse and Power: Representation of dominance in language and communication. Moscow: URSS. 344 p. ISBN 978-5-397-03766-2. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кара-Мурза С. Г. Манипуляция сознанием / С. Г. Кара-Мурза. — [Изд. юбил., доп. послесл., имен/ и предмет. указ.]. — Москва : Эксмо, 2008. — 862 с. — ISBN 978-5-699-10826-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilova, A. A. (2009). Manipulation of the word in the media. Moscow: Dobrosvet: KSU Publishing House. 232 p. ISBN 978-5-98227-613-1. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коктыш К. Когнитивное измерение безопасности / К. Коктыш, А. Ренард-Коктыш // Международные процессы. — 2021. — Т. 19. — № 4 (67). — С. 26—46. — DOI: 10.17994/IT.2021.19.4.67.3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doherty, J.-F. (2020). When fiction becomes fact: exaggerating host manipulation by parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Available at: https:// royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2020.1081 (accessed 26.10.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комова Т. А. Концепты языка в контексте истории и культуры : курс лекций / Т. А. Комова. — Москва : Макс Пресс, 2003. — 118 с. — ISBN 5-317-00694-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dupanov, A. S., Bikbulatova, Y. S. (2022). Global trends in the regulation of digital platforms: from soft law and self-regulation to imperatives. Law and Law, 2: 211—218. DOI: 10.24412/2073-3313-2022-2-211-218. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копнина Г.А. Речевое манипулирование : учебное пособие / Г. А. Копнина. — 5-е изд., стер. — Москва : Флинта : Наука, 2014. — 169 с. — ISBN 978-5-9765-0060-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellis, B. (2018). “Fake news” in the contemporary legend Dynamic. Journal of American Folklore, 131 (522): 398—404. DOI:10.5406/jamerfolk.131.522.0398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костомаров В. Г. Некоторые особенности языка печати как средства массовой коммуникации : на материале современной русской газеты : в 2-х томах : диссертация ... доктора филологических наук : 10.00.00 / В. Г. Костомаров. — Москва, 1969. — 938 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication (Blackwell Publishing Ltd), 43 (4): 51—58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравцов С. С. «Разговоры о важном» позволят интересно рассказать о ценностях и истории России (интервью) [Электронный ресурс] / С. С. Кравцов // Министерство просвещения Российской Федерации. — 30.08.2022. — Режим доступа : https://edu.gov.ru/press/5682/kravcov-razgovory-o-vazhnom-pozvolyat-interesno-rasskazat-ocennostyah-i-istorii-rossii/ (дата обращения 17.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fillmore, Ch. J. (1982). Frame semantics. In: Linguistics in the morning calm. Seoul: Hanshin.111—137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крайнюкова Л. М. Юридические аспекты противодействия созданию и распространению «фейкового» контента / Л. М. Крайнюкова, А. В. Станишевская, И. М. Ажмухамедов // Прикаспийский журнал : управление и высокие технологии. — 2021. — № 1 (53). — С. 98—106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fillmore, Ch. J. (2006). Frame semantics. In: Cognitive linguistics: Basic readings. Cognitive Linguistics Research 34. 373—400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кубрякова Е. С. Когнитивные аспекты словообразования и связанные с ним правила инференции / Е. С. Кубрякова // Новые пути изучения словообразования славянских языков. 2-ое заседание Международной комиссии по славянскому словообразованию. Магдебург 09—11.10.1997. — Sonderdruck, 1999. — С. 23—26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuller, S. (2018). Post-Truth. Knowledge as a Power Game. London-NY: Anthem Press. 207 p. ISBN 9781783086931.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кубрякова Е. С. О контурах новой парадигмы знания в лингвистике / Е. С. Кубрякова, О. В. Александрова // Структура и семантика художественного текста : Доклады VIII Международной конференции “Структура и семантика художественного текста”. — Москва : Спортакадемпрогресс, 1999. — С. 186—197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabe, M. (2010). Reframing risk? Citizen journalism and the transformation of news. Journal of Risk Research, 13 (1): 45—58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонтьева Т. В. Словарь актуальной лексики единения и вражды в русском языке начала XXI века / Т. В. Леонтьева, А. В. Щетинина. — Екатеринбург : Ажур, 2021. — 424 с. — ISBN 978-5-91256-535-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garg, S., Sharma, D. K. (2022). Linguistic features based framework for automatic fake news detection. Computers&amp; Industrial Engineering, 172: 108432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонтьева Т. В. Языковые индексы единения и вражды / Т. В. Леонтьева // Научный диалог. — 2022. — Т. 11. — № 10. — С. 70—87. — DOI: 10.24224/2227-12952022-11-10-70-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelfert, A. (2018). Fake news: A Definition. Informal Logic, 38 (1). March. 84—117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ли Гуанман. Каждый может почувствовать, что происходят глубокие перемены! (每個人都能感受到，一場深刻的變革正在進行！) [Электронный ресурс] / Ли Гуанман // 29.08.2021. — Режим доступа : http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2021/0829/c1001-32211523.html (дата обращения 19.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goatly, A. (2007). Washing the Brain. Metaphor and Hidden Ideology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 431 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Манойло А. В. Зарубежные научные подходы к исследованию “фейковых новостей” в мировой политике / А. В. Манойло, А. Э. Попадюк // РСМ. — 2020. —№ 2 (107). — С. 285—300. — DOI: 10.31249/rsm/2020.02.17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goryaeva, T. M. (2009). Political censorship in the USSR, 1917—1991. Moscow: Foundation of the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin: ROSSPEN. 405 p. ISBN 978-5-82431179-2. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назаретян А. П. Психология стихийного массового поведения : толпа, слухи, полит. и реклам. Кампании : учеб. пособие для студентов вузов, обучающихся по направлению и специальностям психологии / А. П. Назаретян. — 2-е изд., перераб. — Москва : Academia, 2005 (ГУП Сарат. полигр. комб.). — 152 с. — ISBN 5-7695-2120-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guangming, Li. (2021). Everyone can feel that profound changes are taking place! 29.08. Available at: http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2021/0829/c1001-32211523. html (accessed 19.10.2022). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никонова С. И. Кризис идеологии и советское общество в 1970—80-е гг. / С. И. Никонова // Вестник ТГУ. — 2008. — № 7. — С. 374—382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hisseine, M. A., Chen, D., Yang, X. (2022). The application of blockchain in social media: a systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 12 (13): P. 6567. DOI: 10.3390/ app12136567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павленко А. Н. Почему мы можем говорить о дефляции лжи? / А. Н. Павленко // Пленарные доклады и раздел логика. — 2019. — Т. 1. — С. 73—76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iriskhanova, O. K. (2014). Focus games in language: semantics, syntax and pragmatics of defocusing. Moscow: Yaz. Of Slavic culture (YASK). 319 p. ISBN 978-5-9551-0678-6. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Почепцов Г. Г. Когнитивные войны в соцмедиа, массовой культуре и массовых коммуникациях / Г. Г. Почепцов. — Москва : OMIKO, 2019. — 390 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackendoff, R. S. (1983). Semantics and Cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press. 283 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А. А. Проповедники ненависти. Роль массмедиа в разжигании геноцида в Руанде / А. А. Смирнов // Свободная мысль. — 2019. — № 1 (1673). — С. 129—148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamet, D., Terry, A. (2020). What Makes Metaphors Manipulative Tools? ELAD-SILDA, 5: DOI: 10.35562/elad-silda.884. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349738607_What_Makes_Metaphors_Manipulative_Tools_A_Case-Study_ of_Pro-Life_Speeches_in_the_US. (accessed 19.10.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тайсина Э. А. Пост-истина в политическом и философском смыслах. Рецензия на книгу Ли Макинтайра «Пост-истина» изд-во Массачусетского технологического института, 2018 г. / Э. А. Тайсина // Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Серия : Философия. — 2022. — № 2 (11). — С. 117—123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kara-Murza, S. G. (2008). Manipulation of consciousness. Moscow: Eksmo. 862 p. ISBN 978-5-699-10826-8. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарапкова А. А. Mиф о короле Артуре как концептуальная матрица для осмысления Брексита / А. А. Шарапкова // Научный диалог. — 2020. — Т. 5. — № 214. — С. 192—214. — DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-5-192-214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koktysh, K., Renard-Koktysh, A. (2021). Cognitive measurement of safety. International processes, 19 / 4 (67): 26—46. DOI: 10.17994/IT.2021.19.4.67.3. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарапкова А. А. Концептуальная доминанта как ключ к пониманию концептуальных преобразований в художественных произведениях / А. А. Шарапкова // Когнитивные исследования языка. — 2018. — № 34. — С. 604—607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komova, T. A. (2003). Concepts of language in the context of history and culture: a course of lectures. Moscow: Maks Press. 118 p. ISBN 5-317-00694-5. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевченко А. А. «Постправда» как новый «режим истины» / А. А. Шевченко // Гуманитарный вектор. — 2019. — № 4. — С. 8—14. — DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2019-14-4-8-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopnina, G. A. (2014). Speech manipulation: a textbook. Moscow: Flint: Nauka. 169 p. ISBN 978-5-9765-0060-0. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щекотуров А. В. (Ре)конструирование смыслов политической акции в социальной сети «ВКонтакте» : кейс Ивана Голунова / А. В. Щекотуров, М. И. Кришталь // Мир России. Социология. Этнология. — 2020. — № 4. — С. 150—170. — DOI: 10.17323/1811038X-2020-29-4-150-170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostomarov, V. G. (1969). Some features of the language of print as a means of mass communication: based on the material of a modern Russian newspaper: in 2 volumes. Doct. Diss. Moscow. 938 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allcott H. Social media and fake news in the 2016 election / H. Allcott, M. Gentzkow // Journal of economic perspectives. — 2017. — Т. 31. — № 2. — Pp. 211—36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravtsov, S. S. (2022). “Conversations about important things” make it interesting to tell about the values and history of Russia (interview). Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. 30.08. Available at: https://edu.gov.ru/press/5682/kravcov-razgovoryo-vazhnom-pozvolyat-interesno-rasskazat-o-cennostyah-i-istorii-rossii / (accessed 17.10.2022). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balkin J. M. Free Speech in the Algorithmic Society : Big Data, Private Governance, and New School Speech Regulation / M. J. Balkin // University of California Davis Law Review. — 2018. — Vol. 51. — Pp. 1149—1210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kraynyukova, L. M., Stanishevskaya, A. V., Azhmukhamedov I. M. (2021). Legal aspects of countering the creation and dissemination of “fake” content. Caspian Journal: Management and High technologies, 1 (53): 98—106. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastrakova K. D. Political euphemism as a linguistic “nuclear weapon” / K. D. Bastrakova, M. M. Philippova. — Moscow : Moscow university press, 2021. — 182 p. — ISBN 978-5-19-011491-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubryakova, E. S. (1999). Cognitive aspects of word formation and related rules of interpretation. New ways of studying the word formation of Slavic languages. 2nd meeting of the International Commission on Slavic Word Formation. Magdeburg 9-11.10.1997. Sonderdruck. 23—26. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bennett W. L. The Logic of Connective Action / W. L. Bennett, A. Segerberg // Information, Communication and Society. — 2012. — Vol. 15. — № 5. — Pp. 739—768. — DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubryakova, E. S., Alexandrova, O. V. (1999). On the contours of a new paradigm of knowledge in linguistics. In: Structure and semantics of a literary text: Reports of the VIII International Conference “Structure and semantics of a literary text”. Moscow: Sportakademprogress. 186—197. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blake A. Kellyanne Conway says Donald Trump’s team has 'alternative facts'. Which pretty much says it all / A. Blake // The Washington Post. Retrieved. — January 22, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar, S. (2022). TextMinor at CheckThat! 2022: fake news article detection using RoBERT. Working Notes of CLEF. Available at: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3180/paper-43.pdf (accessed 25.10.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claverie B. Cognitive Warfare : The Advent of the Concept of "Cognitics" in the Field of Warfare. Cognitive Warfare [Electronic resource] / B. Claverie, F. du. Cluzel // The Future of Cognitive Dominance, NATO Collaboration Support Office, 2022. — Access mode : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03635889 (accessed 24.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakoff, G. (1996). Moral politics: What conservatives know that liberals don’t. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 413 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doherty J.-F. When fiction becomes fact : exaggerating host manipulation by parasites [Electronic resource] / J.-F. Doherty // Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences. — 2020. — Access mode : https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2020.1081 (accessed 26.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakoff, G. (2008). The Political Mind: Why You Can’t Understand 21st-Century American Politics with an 18th-Century Brain. New York: Viking. 292 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellis B. “Fake news” in the contemporary legend Dynamic / B. Ellis // Journal of American Folklore. — 2018. — Т. 131. — № 522. — Pp. 398—404. — DOI:10.5406/ jamerfolk.131.522.0398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lasswell, H. D. (1927). Propaganda Technique in the World War. New York: A. A. Knopf; London: Kegan Paul. 233 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Entman R. M. Framing : Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm / R. M. Entman // Journal of Communication (Blackwell Publishing Ltd). — 1993. — Vol. 43. — Iss. 4. — Pp. 51—58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leontyeva, T. V. (2022). Language Indices of Unity and Animosity. Nauchnyi dialog, 11 (10): 70—87. DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-10-70-87. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fillmore Ch. J. Frame semantics / Ch. J. Fillmore // Linguistics in the morning calm. — Seoul : Hanshin, 1982. — Pp. 111—137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leontyeva, T. V., Shchetinina, A. V. (2021). Dictionary of the actual vocabulary of heresy and enmity in the Russian language of the beginning of the XXI century. Yekaterinburg: Azhur. 424 p. ISBN 978-5-91256-535-9. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fillmore Ch. J. Frame semantics / Ch. J. Fillmore // Cognitive linguistics : Basic readings. Cognitive Linguistics Research 34. — 2006. — Pp. 373—400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis, J. A. (2018). Cognitive Effect and State Conflict in Cyberspace. The Center for Strategic and International Studies. 26.09. Available at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/ cognitive-effect-and-state-conflict-cyberspace (accessed 27.10.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuller S. Post-Truth. Knowledge as a Power Game / S. Fuller. — London-NY : Anthem Press, 2018. — 207 p. — ISBN 9781783086931.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linden, S. Van der., Leiserowitz, A., Rosentha, S. I., Maibach, E. (2017). Inoculating the public against misinformation about climate change. Global Challenges, 1 (2): P. 1600008. DOI:10.1002/gch2.201600008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabe M. Reframing risk? Citizen journalism and the transformation of news / M. Gabe // Journal of Risk Research. — 2010. — № 13 (1). — Pp. 45—58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loomba, S. (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nature human behaviour, 5 (3): 337—348.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garg S. Linguistic features based framework for automatic fake news detection / S. Garg, D. K. Sharma // Computers&amp; Industrial Engineering. — 2022. — Т. 172. — P. 108432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manoilo, A. V., Popadyuk, A. E. (2020). Foreign scientifi approaches to the study of “fake news” in world politics. RSM, 2 (107): 285—300. DOI: 10.31249/rsm/2020.02.17. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelfert A. Fake news : A Definition / A. Gelfert // Informal Logic. — March 2018. — Vol. 38 (1). — Pp. 84—117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazaretyan, A. P. (2005). Psychology spontaneous mass behavior: crowd, rumor, polit. and advertising. Campaigns: studies. handbook for university students studying in the fields and specialties of psychology. Moscow: Academia. 152 p. —ISBN 5-7695-2120-1. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goatly A. Washing the Brain. Metaphor and Hidden Ideology / A. Goatly. — Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. — 431 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nickerson, R. (1998). Confirmation bias: a ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Rev general Psychology, 2: 175—220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hisseine M. A. The application of blockchain in social media : a systematic literature review / M. A. Hisseine, D. Chen, X. Yang // Applied Sciences. — 2022. — Т. 12. — № 13. — P. 6567. — DOI: 10.3390/app12136567.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikonova, S. I. (2008). The crisis of ideology and Soviet society in the 1970s—80s. Bulletin of TSU, 7: 374—382. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackendoff R. S. Semantics and Cognition / R. S. Jackendoff. — Cambridge : MIT Press, 1983. — 283 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko, A. N. (2019). Why can we talk about deflation of lies? Plenary reports and logic sections, 1: 73—76. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamet D. What Makes Metaphors Manipulative Tools? / D. Jamet, A. Terry // ELADSILDA. — 2020. — № 5. — DOI: 10.35562/elad-silda.884. — Accessed mode : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349738607_What_Makes_Metaphors_Manipulative_Tools_A_Case-Study_of_Pro-Life_Speeches_in_the_US. (accessed 19.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pennycook, G., Cannon, T. D., Rand, D. G. (2018). Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147 (12): 1865—1880.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inoculating the public against misinformation about climate change / S. Van der Linden, A. Leiserowitz, S. l. Rosentha, E. Maibach // Global Challenges. — 2017. — Т 1. —№ 2. — P. 1600008. — DOI:10.1002/gch2.201600008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pennycook, G., Rand, D. G. (2021). The psychology of fake news. Trends in cognitive sciences, 25 (5): 388—402. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S. TextMinor at CheckThat! 2022 : fake news article detection using RoBERT [Electronic resource] / S. Kumar // Working Notes of CLEF. — 2022. — Access mode : https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3180/paper-43.pdf (accessed 25.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pocheptsov, G. G. (2019). Cognitive wars in social media, mass culture and mass communications. Moscow: OMIKO. 390 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lakoff G. Moral politics : What conservatives know that liberals don’t / G. Lakoff. — Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1996. — 413 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preston, S. (2021). Detecting fake news on Facebook: The role of emotional intelligence. Plos one, 16 (3): 1—13. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lakoff G. The Political Mind : Why You Can’t Understand 21st-Century American Politics with an 18th-Century Brain / G. Lakoff. — New York : Viking, 2008. — 292 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu, X., Oliveira, D. F. M. (2017). Limited individual attention and online virality of lowquality information. Nature Human Behaviour, 1 (7): 01—32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lasswell H. D. Propaganda Technique in the World War / H. D. Lasswell. — New York : A. A. Knopf ; London : Kegan Paul, 1927. — 233 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharapova, A. A. (2018). Conceptual dominant as a key to understanding conceptual transformations in works of art. Cognitive studies of language, 34: 604—607. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis J. A. Cognitive Effect and State Confl in Cyberspace [Electronic resource] / J. A. Lewis // The Center for Strategic and International Studies. — 26.09.2018. — Access mode : https://www.csis.org/analysis/cognitive-effect-and-state-confl (accessed 27.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharapova, A. A. (2020). The Myth of King Arthur as a conceptual matrix for understanding Brexit. Nauchnyj dialog, 5 (214): 192—214. DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-5192-214. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loomba S. Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA / S. Loomba // Nature human behaviour. — 2021. — Т. 5. —№ 3. — Pp. 337—348.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchekoturov, A. V., Krishtal, M. I. (2020). (Re) constructing the meaning of a political action in the VKontakte social network: the case of Ivan Golunov. The world of Russia. Sociology. Ethnology, 4: 150—170. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-4-150-170. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nickerson R. Confirmation bias : a ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises / R. Nickerson // Rev general Psychology. — 1998. — № 2. — Pp. 175—220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevchenko, A. A. (2019). “Post-truth” as a new “regime of truth”. Humanitarian Vector, 4: 8—14. DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2019-14-4-8-14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pennycook G. Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news / G. Pennycook, T. D. Cannon, D. G. Rand // Journal of Experimental Psychology : General. — 2018. —№ 147 (12). — Pp. 1865—1880.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shu, K. (2017). Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter, 19 (1): 22—36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pennycook G. The psychology of fake news / G. Pennycook, D. G. Rand // Trends in cognitive sciences. — 2021. — Т. 25. — № 5. — Pp. 388—402. — DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer, T. (2014). The vision thing: Myth, politics and psyche in the world. Routledge. 300 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preston S. Detecting fake news on Facebook : The role of emotional intelligence / S. Preston // Plos one. — 2021. — Т. 16. — № 3. — Pp. 1—13. — DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov, A. A. (2019). Preachers hate. The role of mass media in inciting genocide in Rwanda. Free thought, 1 (1673): 129—148. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu X. Limited individual attention and online virality of low-quality information / X. Qiu, D. F. M. Oliveira // Nature Human Behaviour. — 2017. — № 1 (7). — Pp. 01—32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taisina, E. A. (2022). Post-truth in the political and philosophical sense. Review of Lee McIntyre’s book “Post-Truth”, MIT Publishing House, 2018. Bulletin of Samara State Technical University. Series: Philosophy, 2 (11): 117—123. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shu K. Fake news detection on social media : A data mining perspective / K. Shu // ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter. — 2017. — Т. 19. — № 1. — Pp. 22—36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talmy, L. (2007). Attention Phenomena. In: The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics. NJ: Oxford University Press. 264—293.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singer T. The vision thing : Myth, politics and psyche in the world / T. Singer. — Routledge, 2014. — 300 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359 (6380): 1146—1151. DOI: 10.1126/science.aap9559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talmy L. Attention Phenomena / L. Talmy // The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics / edited by Dirk Geeraerts and Hubert Cuyckens. — NJ : Oxford University Press, 2007. — Pp. 264—293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanagizawa-Drott, D. (2012). Propaganda and conflict: Theory and Evidence from the Rwanda Genocide: Working paper. Center for International Development at Harvard University. August. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228459270_ Propaganda_and_confl ct_Theory_and_evidence_from_the_Rwandan_genocide (accessed 08.10.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vosoughi S. The spread of true and false news online / S. Vosoughi, D. Roy, S. Aral // Science. — 2018. — Т. 359. — № 6380. — Pp. 1146—1151. — DOI: 10.1126/science.aap9559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabotkina, V. I., Boyarskaya, E. L. (2020). On the question of dynamic conceptual semantics: modeling the structure of the concept “overcoming”. Cognitive studies of language, XXXVIII: 208—216. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yanagizawa-Drott D. Propaganda and conflict : Theory and Evidence from the Rwanda Genocide : Working paper / D. Yanagizawa-Drott // Center for International Development at Harvard University. — August 2012. — Access mode : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228459270_Propaganda_and_conflict_Theory_and_evidence_from_the_Rwandan_genocide (accessed 08.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabotkina, V. I., Pozdnyakova, E. M. (2022). Cognitive mechanisms of euphemization of manipulative nature. Questions of cognitive linguistics, 4: 55—64. DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2022-4-55-64. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
