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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scidial</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nauchnyi dialog</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2227-1295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-1-177-203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scidial-5070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИАКОММУНИКАЦИИ И ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА </subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS AND JOURNALISM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Слухи и теории заговора в болгарских социальных медиа в период пандемии COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rumors and Conspiracy Theories in Bulgarian Social Media During COVID-19 Pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-6466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петкова</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petkova</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петкова Дияна - кандидат социологических наук, доцент, факультет журналистики и массовых коммуникаций</p><p>София</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana Petkova - PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication</p><p>Sofia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dijanapp@uni-sofia.bg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Софийский университет имени Святого Климента Охридского</institution><country>Болгария</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”</institution><country>Bulgaria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петкова Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петкова Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petkova D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/5070">https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/5070</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучается социально-психологический феномен слухов в условиях глобальной пандемии 2020—2022 годов на примере Болгарии. Проанализированы сообщения в закрытой онлайн-группе (254 участника), тематический профиль которой связан с лечением народными средствами. Контент-анализ выявил наиболее распространенные убеждения о пандемии COVID-19, например: «10 % привитых людей умрут в течение 5 лет», «пандемия нацелена на уничтожение малого бизнеса» и др. Утверждается, что слухи и теории заговора получают развитие во время социальных кризисов и периодов неопределенности. Подчеркивается, что нередко люди склонны придерживаться ложных представлений, даже когда приводятся доказательства, опровергающие их. Сделан вывод о том, что 4 фактора играют важную роль в сохранении заблуждений: (1) потребность в снижении стресса; (2) низкий уровень образованности, (3) культурная память и травмирующий опыт прошлого, которые выступают основой для суждений в настоящем; (4) феномен ментальных схем: когда у людей сложились устойчивые убеждения, мнение по тому или иному вопросу, их сложнее переубедить. Эти четыре фактора обусловливают низкую готовность людей воспринимать новую информацию, вступающую в противоречие с привычными им ментальными схемами. Предоставляя достоверную информацию и организуя открытые обсуждения существующих заблуждений, специалисты по коммуникации смогут помочь противостоять теориям заговора, которые подрывают работу правительств и общественных институтов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study examines the socio-psychological phenomenon of rumors during the global pandemic of 2020-2022, focusing on the case of Bulgaria. Messages from a closed online group (254 participants) with a thematic profile related to traditional remedies were analyzed. Content analysis revealed the most prevalent beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic, such as “10% of vaccinated individuals will die within 5 years” and “the pandemic is aimed at destroying small businesses,” among others. It is argued that rumors and conspiracy theories thrive during times of social crisis and uncertainty. Moreover, it is highlighted that individuals often tend to hold onto false beliefs even when presented with evidence that contradicts them. The study concludes that four factors play a significant role in maintaining misconceptions: (1) the need to reduce stress, (2) low levels of education, (3) cultural memory and traumatic past experiences that shape present judgments, and (4) the phenomenon of mental schemas, making it harder for individuals to change their established beliefs and opinions. These four factors contribute to people’s resistance to accepting new information that contradicts their familiar mental schemas. By providing accurate information and facilitating open discussions about existing misconceptions, communication specialists can help counter conspiracy theories that undermine the efforts of governments and public institutions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интернет-коммуникация</kwd><kwd>слухи</kwd><kwd>теория заговора</kwd><kwd>заблуждения</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>социальные медиа</kwd><kwd>фейки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>internet communication</kwd><kwd>rumors</kwd><kwd>conspiracy theories</kwd><kwd>misconceptions</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>social media</kwd><kwd>fakes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грушевская В. Ю. Модель фильтрации информации в социальных медиа / В. Ю. 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