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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scidial</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nauchnyi dialog</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2227-1295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-6-305-321</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scidial-5580</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>План Рапацкого: к вопросу о политике малых стран Центральной и Восточной Европы во второй половине 1950-х годов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rapacki Plan:  Policy of Small States in Central and Eastern Europe in Second Half of 1950s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-5063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барышников</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baryshnikov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барышников Владимир Николаевич - доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры истории нового и новейшего времени </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Baryshnikov - Doctor of History, Professor, Department of History of Modern and Contemporary Times</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbaryshnikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-7933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смолин Анатолий Васильевич - доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры истории нового и новейшего времени </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly V. Smolin - Doctor of History, Professor, Department of History of Modern and Contemporary Times</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smolin1947@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-7167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепик</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepik</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепик Виктор Николаевич - кандидат исторических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры истории нового и новейшего времени</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor N. Chepik -PhD of History, Senior Lecturer, Department of History of Modern and Contemporary Times</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victor_chepik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>321</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барышников В.Н., Смолин А.В., Чепик В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барышников В.Н., Смолин А.В., Чепик В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baryshnikov V.N., Smolin A.V., Chepik V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/5580">https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/5580</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье поднимается вопрос о роли малых стран в решении вопросов безопасности в Центральной Европе. На примере разработки плана Рапацкого авторы прослеживают особенности национальных интересов малых стран как Западной, так и Восточной Европы. Эти интересы были направлены на развитие европейской интеграции, решение германского вопроса и ослабление политической и экономической зависимости от СССР. Особое внимание уделяется членству ФРГ в НАТО и роли Соединённых Штатов, Великобритании и других членов альянса при попытке решения вопросов европейской безопасности на уровне малых стран.</p><p>Несмотря на то, что план Рапацкого так и не был реализован, его цели были частично достигнуты. Во-первых, предотвращено вооружение ФРГ американским ядерным оружием и размещение на её территории американских ракет средней дальности; во-вторых, произошло расширение экономического сотрудничества, положившее начало эрозии «железного занавеса»; в-третьих, возникла «универсальная идея безъядерных зон»; в-четвёртых, предприняты реальные шаги по предотвращению ядерной войны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article addresses the role of small states in addressing security issues in Central Europe. Through an examination of the development of the Rapacki Plan, the authors trace the distinctive features of the national interests of small states in both Western and Eastern Europe. These interests were oriented towards the advancement of European integration, the resolution of the German question, and the mitigation of political and economic dependence on the USSR. Special attention is given to the Federal Republic of Germany’s (FRG) membership in NATO and the roles played by the United States, the United Kingdom, and other alliance members in attempts to address European security issues at the level of small states. Although the Rapacki Plan was never fully realized, its objectives were partially achieved. First, the arming of the FRG with American nuclear weapons and the deployment of American intermediate-range missiles on its territory were prevented; second, economic cooperation expanded, initiating the erosion of the “Iron Curtain”; third, a “universal idea of nuclear-free zones” emerged; and fourth, concrete steps were taken to prevent nuclear war.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>безъядерная зона</kwd><kwd>германский вопрос</kwd><kwd>европейская безопасность</kwd><kwd>европейская интеграция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nuclear-free zone</kwd><kwd>German question</kwd><kwd>European security</kwd><kwd>European integration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзелепи Э. Безатомная Европа. Правда о плане Рапацкого / Э. 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