scidialНаучный диалогNauchnyi dialog2225-756X2227-1295Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-9-500-519scidial-5892Research ArticleИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИHISTORYГеорг III против Американской революции: лидер контрреволюции или защитник британской конституции?George III and American Revolution: Counter-Revolutionary Leader or Defender of British Constitution?https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-4219СидоренкоЛ. В.SidorenkoL. V.

Сидоренко Леонид Владимирович, кандидат исторических наук, кафедра истории Нового и новейшего времени

Санкт-Петербург

Leonid V. Sidorenko, PhD of History, Department of History of Modern and Contemporary Times

St. Petersburg

slv83@yandex.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSt. Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation202427112024139500519Copyright © Сидоренко Л.В., 20242024Сидоренко Л.В.Sidorenko L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/5892

Целью статьи является всесторонний анализ роли британского монарха Георга III в событиях Американской революции. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что действия английского короля еще не получили обстоятельного освещения с позиций оценки контрреволюционного ответа метрополии на вызов колонистов и объективных факторов, влиявших на принятие им важнейших решений в ходе войны за независимость США. Автор рассматривает особенности политического взросления короля, концепцию виконта Болингброка о короле-патриоте, эволюцию восприятия института монархии и образа Георга III в колониальном обществе. Проанализированы мотивы выбора сувереном конкретных шагов в ходе американского кризиса исходя из логики внутренней политики и особенностей системы имперского управления. Статья отходит от традиционного образа британского монарха как тирана, закрепленного Декларацией независимости, которая анализируется с точки зрения наличия в ней обвинений короля в тирании. В статье сделан вывод, что в вопросах имперских взаимоотношений Георг III ориентировался на интересы парламента и лишь после начала войны в силу своего характера и чувства долга стал одним из самых убежденных и упрямых сторонников подавления колониального мятежа силой.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of British monarch George III in the events surrounding the American Revolution. The novelty of this research lies in its exploration of the English king’s actions, which have yet to be thoroughly examined in terms of assessing the counterrevolutionary response of the metropolis to the challenges posed by the colonists, as well as the objective factors influencing his critical decisions during the American War of Independence. The author investigates the nuances of the king’s political maturation, the concept of the patriot king as articulated by Viscount Bolingbroke, and the evolution of perceptions regarding the monarchy and George III within colonial society. The motivations behind the sovereign’s specific choices during the American crisis are analyzed through the lens of domestic politics and the characteristics of imperial governance. This article departs from the traditional portrayal of the British monarch as a tyrant, as established by the Declaration of Independence, which is examined in light of its allegations against the king’s tyranny. The conclusion drawn is that, in matters of imperial relations, George III was primarily guided by parliamentary interests and only after the outbreak of war, due to his character and sense of duty, did he become one of the most steadfast and obstinate proponents of suppressing the colonial rebellion through force.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.