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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scidial</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nauchnyi dialog</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2227-1295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24224/2227-1295-2025-14-2-163-180</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scidial-6097</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИАКОММУНИКАЦИИ И ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА </subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS AND JOURNALISM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Запоминаемость и когнитивные ошибки узнавания граффити в городской среде: результаты полевого эксперимента</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Memorability and Cognitive Errors in Recognizing Graffiti in Urban Environments: Results from a Field Experiment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кружкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruzhkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кружкова Ольга Владимировна, кандидат психологических наук, доцент, лаборатория перспективных социосредовых исследований</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kruzhkova, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Laboratory of Advanced Socio-Environmental Research</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galiat1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный педагогический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кружкова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кружкова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kruzhkova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/6097">https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/6097</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторы вандальных изменений городской среды стремятся сделать их заметными для наибольшего числа наблюдателей для привлечения внимания к своим высказываниям. При этом с позиции «невольного наблюдателя» недостаточно очевидна заметность несанкционированных граффити как элементов городской среды и их когнитивное воздействие. Цель исследования — изучение восприятия граффити в форме рисунков и вандально нанесенных текстов с позиции их считывания и запоминания «невольными наблюдателями» в естественных условиях городской среды при совершении прогулки по маршруту. Участникам полевого эксперимента (29 человек в возрасте от 14 до 59 лет) было предложено пройти по пешему маршруту в центре города Екатеринбурга. Фиксация направления взгляда участников исследования осуществлялась мобильным айтрекером (очки). После прохождения маршрута респонденты выбирали в анкете несанкционированные граффити (рисунки и тексты), встречавшиеся им на маршруте, среди представленных альтернатив. Установлено, что наиболее часто узнают встречавшиеся на маршруте несанкционированные граффити представители возрастной группы от 18 до 29 лет, при этом нет различий по полу в узнавании среди респондентов. Выявлен приоритет в узнавании рисунков (по сравнению с текстами граффити). Лучше узнаются знакомые и понятные граффити, а также граффити на нехарактерные (в частности, религиозные) темы. Когнитивные ошибки (например, ошибка атрибуции воспоминаний) связаны с широким распространением типичных граффити в городской среде.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors of vandalistic alterations to urban environments aim to make their works noticeable to the maximum number of observers in order to draw attention to their statements. However, from the perspective of the “inadvertent observer,” the visibility of unauthorized graffiti as elements of the urban landscape and their cognitive impact are not immediately evident. The objective of this study is to examine the perception of graffiti in the form of images and vandalized texts, focusing on their recognition and memorization by “inadvertent observers” in natural urban settings during a walking route. Participants in the field experiment (29 individuals aged 14 to 59) were asked to walk along a pedestrian route in the city center of Yekaterinburg. The direction of participants’ gaze was tracked using mobile eyetracking glasses. After completing the route, respondents selected unauthorized graffiti (both images and texts) encountered along the way from a set of alternatives presented in a questionnaire. It was found that unauthorized graffiti encountered along the route were most frequently recognized by participants aged 18 to 29, with no significant differences in recognition based on gender. A preference for recognizing images over texts was identified. Familiar and comprehensible graffiti, as well as those addressing atypical (particularly religious) themes, were recognized more readily. Cognitive errors (e.g., memory attribution errors) were linked to the widespread presence of typical graffiti in urban environments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вандально нанесенные тексты</kwd><kwd>граффити</kwd><kwd>запоминание</kwd><kwd>когнитивные ошибки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vandalized texts</kwd><kwd>graffiti</kwd><kwd>memorization</kwd><kwd>cognitive errors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-01487, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01487/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study is supported by Russian Science Foundation, project number 23-28-01487, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01487/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабикова М.Р. 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