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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scidial</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nauchnyi dialog</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2227-1295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24224/2227-1295-2025-14-3-123-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scidial-6176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИАКОММУНИКАЦИИ И ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА </subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS AND JOURNALISM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Восприятие исторических фейков: экспериментальный подход и фреймовый анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Perception of Historical Fakes: Experimental Approach and Frame Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-8087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меркулова Анастасия Михайловна - кандидат исторических наук, кафедра истории государственного и муниципального управления.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya M. Merkulova - PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of History of State and Municipal Administration.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Merkulova@spa.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-2729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарапкова Анастасия Андреевна - кандидат филологических наук, кафедра английского языкознания, корреспондирующий автор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Sharapkova - PhD in Philology, Associate Professor, Department of English Linguistics.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">warapkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меркулова А.М., Шарапкова А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меркулова А.М., Шарапкова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Merkulova A.M., Sharapkova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/6176">https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/6176</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты междисциплинарного исследования по проблемам противостояния исторической дезинформации. Проанализированы собранные за 2019—2021 годы данные о восприятии студентами неисторических специальностей фейковой информации по истории России, публикуемой в зарубежных СМИ. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью сбора реальных данных о процессах распространения западными СМИ ложных сведений об истории России в связи с высокой опасностью внедрения этих сведений в сознание людей и негативного влияния их на когнитивную безопасность социума. Методами традиционного филологического анализа, а также когнитивной лингвистики и фреймовой семантики были описаны механизмы внедрения в объективное историческое знание недостоверных смыслов, которые включают в себя ложные маркеры достоверности и эмоционально окрашенную лексику. Анализ показал, что респонденты часто опираются на лингвистические особенности текста, а именно эмоционально маркированные единицы и негативную риторику, что не всегда позволяет идентифицировать правдивость полученной исторической информации. Установлено, что в случае узкопрофильных, дискуссионных или малоизвестных исторических фактов применение фейка в сэндвич-конструкции (правда-ложь) может привести к замене реального знания искаженной перцепцией, что размывает основы объективного личностного восприятия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents the findings of an interdisciplinary study addressing the challenges of countering historical disinformation. Data collected between 2019 and 2021 regarding the perceptions of students in non-history disciplines towards fake information about Russian history published in foreign media are analyzed. The relevance of this research is underscored by the need to gather empirical data on the processes through which Western media disseminate false information about Russia's history, given the significant risk of such narratives infiltrating public consciousness and adversely affecting the cognitive security of society. Utilizing traditional philological analysis alongside cognitive linguistics and frame semantics, the study elucidates the mechanisms by which misleading meanings are integrated into objective historical knowledge. These mechanisms include false markers of credibility and emotionally charged vocabulary. The analysis reveals that respondents often rely on linguistic features of the text, particularly emotionally marked units and negative rhetoric, which do not always facilitate the accurate identification of the truthfulness of historical information. It was found that in cases involving specialized, controversial, or lesser-known historical facts, the use of fakes within a sandwich structure (truth-lie) can lead to a replacement of genuine knowledge with distorted perceptions, thereby blurring the foundations of objective personal understanding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>репрезентация исторического знания</kwd><kwd>фейк</kwd><kwd>сэндвич-структура</kwd><kwd>историческая правда</kwd><kwd>когнитивная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>representation of historical knowledge</kwd><kwd>fake</kwd><kwd>sandwich structure</kwd><kwd>historical truth</kwd><kwd>cognitive security</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балмасов С. С. Красный террор на востоке России в 1918—1922 гг. / С. С. 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