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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scidial</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nauchnyi dialog</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2227-1295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24224/2227-1295-2025-14-10-546-563</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scidial-6778</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Женщины в римских quaestiones perpetuae республиканской эпохи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Women in Quaestiones Perpetuae of Republican Rome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-9028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрусталёв</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrustalev</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хрусталёв Вячеслав Константинович, кандидат исторических наук, доцент, кафедра всеобщей истории</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav K. Khrustalev, PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of General History</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vyacheslav2511@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А. И. Герцена</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>546</fpage><lpage>563</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хрусталёв В.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хрусталёв В.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khrustalev V.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/6778">https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/6778</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования является рассмотрение всех известных из источников эпизодов, связанных с появлением женщин в постоянных судебных комиссиях (quaestiones perpetuae), которые являлись главным органом уголовного судопроизводства в республиканском Риме. Анализируются и случаи привлечения женщин к суду, и их выступления со свидетельскими показаниями, и неформальные роли, которые они могли играть на судебных процессах. Кроме того, исследуется отношение римской общественности к появлению женщин в уголовном суде. По итогам исследования был сделан вывод, что, хотя римское республиканское законодательство допускало участие женщин в судебных процессах, обычай позволял им выступать на них лишь в роли подсудимых или свидетельниц. Установлено, что, согласно распространённым в обществе представлениям, порядочная женщина должна была вести себя в суде сдержанно и скромно. Сообщается, что, если она была привлечена к суду в качестве подсудимой, её защиту полагалось взять на себя родственникам или друзьям семьи мужского пола. Подчёркивается, что, произнося речь на процессе, женщина вторгалась в принадлежавшую исключительно мужчинам область риторики, а это вызывало у римлян неприятие и раздражение. Автор приходит к выводу, что выступления со свидетельскими показаниями, по-видимому, не порождали столь неодобрительной реакции, если при этом женщина не выходила за рамки отведённой ей социальной роли.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study aims to examine all known episodes from sources concerning women's involvement in the quaestiones perpetuae — permanent judicial commissions that served as primary criminal courts during the Roman Republic. It analyzes cases where women were either tried or gave testimony, along with their informal roles on such proceedings. Additionally, it investigates public attitudes toward female participation in criminal trials. The findings suggest that while republican law allowed for women's presence at legal hearings, custom restricted them primarily to defendant or witness roles. Respectable women were expected to behave modestly and reservedly when appearing before a court. If charged as defendants, they relied upon male relatives or family friends for defense representation. Emphasizing that delivering speeches encroached into an exclusively masculine domain of rhetoric, which provoked disapproval among Romans, this paper concludes that providing testimonies was generally more acceptable provided that women did not overstep societal boundaries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Древний Рим</kwd><kwd>Римская республика</kwd><kwd>гендерная история</kwd><kwd>римские женщины</kwd><kwd>римские суды</kwd><kwd>quaestiones perpetuae</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ancient Rome</kwd><kwd>Roman Republic</kwd><kwd>gender history</kwd><kwd>Roman women</kwd><kwd>Roman courts</kwd><kwd>quaestiones perpetuae</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 24-28-00515, https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-00515/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with financial support Russian Science Foundation, project № 24-28-00515, https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-00515/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Короленков А. 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