<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scidial</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nauchnyi dialog</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2227-1295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific and Educational Projects" (CSEP)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24224/2227-1295-2026-15-4-260-275</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scidial-7137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОММУНИКАЦИЯ. МЕДИАТЕХНОЛОГИИ. ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMMUNCATION. MEDIA TECHNOLOGES. JOURNALISM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Медиакультура и доверие к медиа : эмпирическое исследование в Болгарии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Media Culture and Media Trust: an Empirical Research in Bulgaria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-6466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петкова</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petkova</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петкова Дияна – PhD, профессор, факультет журналистики и массовых коммуникаций </p><p>София</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana P. Petkova – PhD, Professor, Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication</p><p>Sofia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dijanapp@uni-sofia.bg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Софийский университет имени Святого Климента Охридского</institution><country>Болгария</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sofia University“St. Kliment Ohridski”</institution><country>Bulgaria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>260</fpage><lpage>275</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петкова Д.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петкова Д.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petkova D.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/7137">https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/7137</self-uri><abstract><p>Автор определяет медиакультуру как сложный феномен, включающий в себя ценности, идеологии и мировоззренческие установки, специфику аудитории, а также доверие как основополагающий принцип функционирования публичной и массовой коммуникации. В статье представлены результаты эмпирического исследования, проведённого в Болгарии, в рамках которого с помощью онлайн-анкетирования было опрошено 1000 респондентов. Инструментарий исследования включал вопросы закрытого и полузакрытого типа; для оценки ответов использовалась шкала Лайкерта. Анализ полученных данных свидетельствует о существенных трансформациях в отношении к медиа, особенно среди представителей молодого поколения. Отмечается, что одним из таких сдвигов является предпочтение онлайн-новостных ресурсов и социальных сетей традиционным СМИ. Сообщается, что вместе с тем расхождения в ответах респондентов указывают на глубокий кризис доверия к медиа среди опрошенных. Кроме того, результаты исследования доказывают, что часть респондентов легко подвержена влиянию дезинформации. Автор приходит к выводу о необходимости повышения уровня медиаграмотности в цифровой среде.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Media culture is a complex phenomenon that includes values, ideologies and worldviews, specificities of the audiences and trust as a basic principle of public and mass communication. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in Bulgaria where 1000 informants have been interviewed by means of an online questionnaire with closed and semi-closed questions using the Likert scale in the designed answers. From the received data there are evidences about significant transformations of the attitudes to the media, especially among the younger generations. One such shift is related to the preference of online news media and social media for the sake of the traditional media. However, the discrepancies in the provided answers to the questionnaire show that there is a huge crisis of media trust among the informants. Moreover, the results prove that some of the respondents can easily be susceptible to disinformation. This means that there is a high necessity of raising the awareness in the digital environment. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медиакультура</kwd><kwd>установки</kwd><kwd>доверие к медиа</kwd><kwd>медиаграмотность</kwd><kwd>болгарские медиа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>media culture</kwd><kwd>attitudes</kwd><kwd>media trust</kwd><kwd>media literacy</kwd><kwd>Bulgarian media</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Эмпирическое исследование было проведено в рамках болгаро-словацкого двустороннего проекта  “СМИ, социальные ценности и дезинформация в XXI веке”, поддержанного Национальным научным фондом Болгарии, договор № КП-06-Словакия/3 от 13.08.2024</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The empirical research has been done within the frames of a Bulgarian-Slovakian bilateral project, entitled “Media, Social Values and Disinformation in the 21st century”, supported by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria, contract № КП-06-Словакия/3 from 13.08.2024</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carbaugh D. Cultures in Conversations / D. Carbaug. — London &amp; New York : Routledge, 2005. — 184 p. ISBN 9781135606213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carbaugh, D. (2005). Cultures in Conversations. London &amp; New York: Routledge. 184 p. ISBN 9781135606213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dwyer T. Media Convergence / T. Dwyer // Issues in Cultural and Media Studies. — UK : MCGraw Hill, 2010. — 208 p. — ISBN 9780335239429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dwyer, T. (2010). Media Convergence. In: Issues in Cultural and Media Studies. UK: MCGraw Hill. 208 p. ISBN 9780335239429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerbner G. Cultivation analysis. an overview / G. Gerbner // Mass Communication and Society. — 1998. — Vol. 1. — Issue 3—4. — Pp. 175—194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis. An overview. Mass Communication and Society, 1 (3—4): 175—194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gumperz J. J. Discourse Strategies / J. J. Gumperz. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1982. — 240 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 240 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hepp A. Mediatization. Theorizing the Interplay between Media, Culture and Society / A. Hepp, S. Hjarvard, K. Lundby // Media, Culture and Society. — 2017. — Vol. 37. — Pp. 314—324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hepp, A., Hjarvard, S., Lundby, K. (2017). Mediatization. Theorizing the Interplay between Media, Culture and Society. Media, Culture and Society, 37: 314—324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodkinson P. Media, Culture and Society. An Introduction / P. Hodkinson. — London &amp; New York : Sage, 2017. — 344 p. — ISBN 9781473998353.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodkinson, P. (2017). Media, Culture and Society. An Introduction. London &amp; New York: Sage. 344 p. ISBN 9781473998353.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hurley S. Imitation, Media Violence and Freedom of Speech / S. Hurley // Philosophical Studies. — 2004. — Volume 117. — Pp. 165—218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurley, S. (2004). Imitation, Media Violence and Freedom of Speech. Philosophical Studies, 117: 165—218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knudsen E. How the public understands news media trust : an openended approach / E. Knudsen, S. Dahlberg, M. H. Iversen, M. P. Johannesson, S. Nygaard // Journalism. — 2022. — Vol. 23 (11). — Pp. 2347—2363. — DOI:10.1177/14648849211005892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knudsen, E., Dahlberg, S., Iversen, M. H., Johannesson, M. P., Nygaard, S. (2022). How the public understands news media trust: an openended approach. Journalism, 23 (11): 2347—2363. DOI:10.1177/14648849211005892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marginalia. For 35 % of the Bulgarians 111 place in freedom of speech is deserved. A survey by Trend agency [Electronic resource]. — 2016. — Access mode : https://www.marginalia.bg/za-35-ot-balgarite-111-to-myasto-po-svoboda-na-mediite-e-zasluzheno/ (accessed 21.02.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marginalia. For 35 % of the Bulgarians 111 place in freedom of speech is deserved. A survey by Trend agency. (2016). Available at: https://www.marginalia.bg/za-35-ot-balgarite-111-to-myasto-po-svoboda-na-mediite-e-zasluzheno/ (accessed 21.02.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morin E. L’esprit du temps, Livre du Poche / E. Morin. — Paris : Grasset, 1983. — 277 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morin, E. (1983). L’esprit du temps, Livre du Poche. Paris: Grasset. 277 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powell H. Promotional Culture and Convergence : Markets, Methods, Media / H. Powell. — London : Routledge, 2013. — 238 p. — ISBN 9780415672801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Powell, H. (2013). Promotional Culture and Convergence: Markets, Methods, Media. London: Routledge. 238 p. ISBN 9780415672801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rangachev A. The Impact and Progression of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bulgaria in its First Two Years / A. Rangachev, G. K. Marinov, M. Mladenov // Vaccines. — 2022. — Vol. 10 (11). — P. 1901. — DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rangachev, A., G. K. Marinov., Mladenov, M. (2022). The Impact and Progression of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bulgaria in its First Two Years. Vaccines, 10 (11): 1901. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slater M. D. Reinforcing Spirals Model : Conceptualizing the relationship between media content exposure and the development and maintenance of attitudes / M. D. Slater // Media Psychology. — 2015. — Vol. 18 (3). — Pp. 370—395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slater, M. D. (2015). Reinforcing Spirals Model: Conceptualizing the relationship between media content exposure and the development and maintenance of attitudes. Media Psychology, 18 (3): 370—395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strömbäck J. News media trust and its impact on media use : toward a framework for future research / J. Strömbäck, Y. Tsfati, H. Boomgaarden, A. Damstra, E. Lindgren // Annals of the International Communication Association. — 2020. — Vol. 44. — № 2. — Pp. 139—156. — DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1755338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strömbäck, J., Tsfati, Y., Boomgaarden, H., Damstra, A., Lindgren, E. (2020). News media trust and its impact on media use: toward a framework for future research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44 (2): 139—156. DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1755338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsfati Y. Going Beyond General Media Trust: an Analysis of Topical Media Trust, its Antecedents and Effects on Issue (Mis)perceptions / Y. Tsfati, E. Strömbäck, E. Lindgren, A. Damstra, G. N. Boomgaarden, R. Vliegenthart // International Journal of Public Opinion Research. — 2022. — Vol. 34. — Pp. 1—12. — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edac010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsfati, Y., Strömbäck, E., Lindgren, E., Damstra, A., Boomgaarden, G. N., Vliegenthart, R. (2022). Going Beyond General Media Trust: an Analysis of Topical Media Trust, its Antecedents and Effects on Issue (Mis)perceptions. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 34: 1—12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edac010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valkenburg P. M. Media Effects. Theory and Research / P. M. Valkenburg, J. Peter, J. B. Walter // Annual Review of Psychology. — 2016. — Vol. 67. — Pp. 315—338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., Walter, J. B. (2016). Media Effects. Theory and Research. Annual Review of Psychology, 67: 315—338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
