Active Processes in the Vocabulary and Word Formation of the Russian Language in the Era of Coronavirus: Linguo-Cognitive Aspect

Semantic, lexical and derivational features of the emergence and spread of new phenomena in the speech practice of Russian speakers of the latest period associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are investigated. A linguo-cognitive interpretation of active processes in Russian vocabulary and Russian word formation of the era of coronavirus as formats of knowledge about the changed reality and the new conditions of communication associated with these changes is given. The methods of linguo-cognitive description of the “language of culture” and the method of analyzing active processes at different levels of the language system and methods of its speech implementation are used. The research materials are a dynamic and actively developing Russian-language segment of Internet communication and text data of the Russian National Corpus. Special attention is paid to three groups of new phenomena in the vocabulary of the Russian language associated with the mental and cultural development of the “coronavirus” conceptual space by native speakers: lexical-semantic, lexical and lexical-word-formation innovations. It is shown that active processes of the semantic type find their expression in the phenomena of “new polysemy” and “new homonymy”, as well as non-usual semantic narrowing. It is concluded that new words and expressions not only capture the emergence of new realities of life with coronavirus, but also contribute to the understanding of the changed social reality.

1. Bloor, M., Bloor, Th. (2007). The Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: An Introduction. London: Hodder Arnold. 207 p.

2. Dankova, N. S., Krekhtunova, E. V. (2020). Reprezentatsiya pandemii v SMI: metaforicheskiy obraz voyny (na materiale amerikanskikh gazet) [Representation of the pandemic in the media: a metaphorical image of war (based on the material of American Newspapers)]. Nauchnyy dialog [Scientific dialogue], 1 (8): 69—83. DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-8-69-83. (In Russ.).

3. Fairclough, N. (2006). Language and Globalization. London, New York: Routledge. 188 p.

4. Issers, O. S. (2020). Boleye poluveka pod zontikom kommunikativnykh strategiy [More than half a century under the umbrella of communicative strategies]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (2): 243—256. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(2).243-256. (In Russ.).

5. Kartashova, E. P., Iyerusalimskaya, A. A. (2015). Pretsedentnyye fenomeny kak stilisticheskiy priyem sozdaniya ekspressii v internet-kommunikatsii [Precedent phenomena as a stylistic method of creating expression in Internet communication]. Filologiya i kultura [Philology and culture], 2 (40): 53—57. (In Russ.).

6. Kireyeva, E. Z. (2020). Faktor adresata v tekste ofitsialnogo dokumenta (na materiale ukazov gubernatora Tulskoy oblasti, izdannykh v svyazi s rasprostraneniyem Covid-2019) [A Factor of an addressee in the text of the official document (based on the decrees of the Governor of the Tula region issued in connection with the distribution Covid-2019)]. Nauchnyy dialog [Scientific dialogue], 1 (8): 108—122. DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-7-108-122 (In Russ.).

7. Koryakovtseva, E. I. (2018). Internatsionalizatsiya, demokratizatsiya i «mediatizatsiya» slavyanskikh yazykov v usloviyakh globalizatsii (slovoobrazovatelnyy aspekt) [Internationalization, democratization and “mediatization” of Slavic languages in the context of globalization (word-forming aspect)]. In: Globalizacja a języki słowiańskie (Globalization and Slavic languages) / Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach. Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. 33—47. (In Russ.).

8. Krongauz, M. A. (2020). Screenlife v epokhu karantina [Screenlife in the era of quarantine]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (4): 735—744. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(4).735-744. (In Russ.).

9. Kustova, G. I. (2004). Tipy proizvodnykh znacheniy i mekhanizmy yazykovogo rasshireniya [Types of derived meanings and mechanisms of language extension]. Moskva: Yazyki slavyanskoy kultury. 472 p. (In Russ.).

10. Lassan, E., Kravtsova, L. (2020). Strakh kak motiv i motivator elektronnoy kommunikatsii (na materiale internet-tekstov 2020) [Fear as a motive and motivator of electronic communication (based on the material of Internet texts 2020)]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (4): 745—758. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(4).745-758. (In Russ.).

11. Lutovinova, O. V. (2015). Yazykovaya igra v internet-komunikatsii [Language game in Internet communication]. Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Izvestiya volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta], 2 (97): 104—111. (In Russ.).

12. Myuller, A. (2020). Ob otrazhenii pandemii v raznokulturnykh lingvisticheskikh landshaftakh (na primere elementov publichnogo prostranstva Minska, Nyurnberga i Varshavy) [On the reflection of the pandemic in multicultural linguistic landscapes (on the example of elements of the public space of Minsk, Nuremberg and Warsaw)]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (4): 846—864. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(4).846-864. (In Russ.).

13. Negryshev, A. A. (2020). Psevdosensatsiya v Internete: opyt lingvisticheskogo opisaniya [Pseudosensation on the Internet: experience of linguistic description]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2, Yazykoznaniye [Bulletin of the Volgograd state University. Series 2, Linguistics], 19 (2): 43—53. DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.2.4. (In Russ.).

14. Nikolina, N. A., Ratsiburskaya, L. V., Fatkhutdinova, V. G. (2020). Novyye yavleniya v sfere derivatsionnykh formantov kak otrazheniye dinamiki slovoobrazovatelnoy sistemy russkogo yazyka [New phenomena in the sphere of derivational formants as a reflection of the dynamics of the word-formation system of the Russian language]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2, Yazykoznaniye [Bulletin of the Volgograd state University. Series 2, Linguistics], 19 (2): 5—19. DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.2.1. (In Russ.).

15. Paloshi, I. V. (2018). Semantika diminutivnosti v sfere glagolov [Semantics of diminutivity in the sphere of verbs]. In: Natsionalnyye kody v yazyke i kulture. Yazyk i kultura: Sbornik statey po materialam Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Natsionalnyye kody v yazyke i kulture» [National codes in language and culture. Language and culture: a Collection of articles based on the materials of the International scientific conference “National codes in language and culture”]. Nizhniy Novgorod: DEKOM. 214—223. (In Russ.).

16. Radbil, T. B. (2019). Kognitivnaya interpretatsiya leksiko-slovoobrazovatelnykh innovatsiy v Runete [Cognitive interpretation of lexical and word-forming innovations in Runet]. Kognitivnyye issledovaniya yazyka [Cognitive studies of language], XXXVI. Ponimaniye. Interpretatsiya. Kognitivnoye modelirovaniye. 320—326. (In Russ.).

17. Radbil, T. B. (2020). «Samoizolyatsiya» kak noveyshiy russkiy kulturnyy kontsept: kognitivno-diskursivnyy aspekt [“Self-Isolation” as the newest Russian cultural concept: cognitive-discursive aspect]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (4): 759—774. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(4).759-774. (In Russ.).

18. Radbil, T. B., Ratsiburskaya, L. V. (2017). Slovoobrazovatelnyye innovatsii na baze zaimstvovannykh elementov v sovremennom russkom yazyke: lingvokulturologicheskiy aspekt [Word-Forming innovations based on borrowed elements in the modern Russian language: linguoculturological aspect]. Mir russkogo slova [The world of the Russian word], 2: 33—39. (In Russ.).

19. Radbil, T. B., Saygin, V. V. (2019). Kontsept «grekh» v kontekste leksikograficheskogo opisaniya klyuchevykh kontseptov russkoy kultury [Concept “sin” in the context of lexicographic description of key concepts of Russian culture]. Voprosy leksikografii [Questions of lexicography], 15: 36—59. DOI: 10.17223/22274200/15/3. (In Russ.).

20. Radbil, T. B., Yukhnova, I. S. (2019). Khudozhestvennoye voploshcheniye russkogo natsionalno-kulturnogo kontsepta REKA v tvorchestve M. Yu. Lermontova [Artistic expression of Russian national-cultural concept RIVER in the works of M. Y. Lermontov]. Nauchnyy dialog [Scientific dialogue], 2: 127—142. DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2019-2-127-142. (In Russ.).

21. Russkiy yazyk nachala XXI veka: leksika, slovoobrazovaniye, grammatika, tekst: kollektivnaya monografiya [Russian language of the beginning of the XXI century: vocabulary, word formation, grammar, text: collective monograph]. (2014). Nizhniy Novgorod: Izd-vo NNGU im. N. I. Lobachevskogo. 325 p. (In Russ.).

22. Savchenko, A. V., Lai Yan-Jun. (2020). «Koronavirusnyye neologizmy»: ot leksiki i frazeologii k internet-memam (na materiale russkogo i kitayskogo yazykov) [“Coronavirus neologisms”: from lexicon and phraseology to Internet memes (based on the material of Russian and Chinese languages)]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (4): 865—886. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(4).865-886. (In Russ.).

23. Severskaya, O. I. (2020). Kovidioty na karantikulakh: koronavirusnyy slovar’ kak diagnosticheskoye pole aktualnykh diskursivnykh praktik [Covidiotes on quarantines: coronavirus dictionary as a diagnostic field of actual discursive practices]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (4): 887—906. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(4).887-906. (In Russ.).

24. Shmelev, A. D. (2011). Evolyutsiya russkoy yazykovoy kartiny mira v aspekte kultury rechi [Evolution of the Russian language picture of the world in the aspect of speech culture]. Voprosy kultury rechi [Questions of speech culture], 10: Moskva: AST-PRESS KNIGA. 82—94. (In Russ.).

25. Shvedova, N. Y. (ed.). Russkaya grammatika [Russian grammar], 2 (1). (1980). Moskva: Nauka. 783 p. (In Russ.).

26. Vezhbitskaya, A. (1997). Yazyk. Kultura. Poznaniye [Language. Culture. Cognition]. Moskva: Russkiye slovari. 416 p. (In Russ.).

27. Zaytseva, I. P. (2020). «Koronapsikhoz», «koronaskeptiki», «covidism», «covidophobiya» i drugiye sotsiolingvisticheskiye markery 2020 g. [“Coronapsychosis”, “coronasceptics”, “covidism”, “covidophobiya” and other sociolinguistic markers of 2020]. Kommunikativnyye issledovaniya [Communicative research], 7 (4): 801—813. DOI: 10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(4).801-813. (In Russ.).