Evolution of State Scientific and Technical Policy in USSR in Late 1960s
https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-4-363-382
Abstract
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the state of the scientific and technical complex of the USSR and leading Western countries in the 1960s based on declassified archival materials. It identifies the main trends in science and technology during this period and the factors that led to the lagging behind of the USSR. Previously unpublished archival documents are introduced into scholarly discourse. It is demonstrated that the data sent to the country’s leadership by leading specialists and scientists of the Academy of Sciences indicated the USSR’s lag in several crucial directions determining the pace of scientific and technical progress. Key hindering factors cited by experts included insufficient funding, lack of coordination among various agencies, absence of interaction between the defense and civilian sectors of science, and planning miscalculations. The conclusion is drawn that this list can be supplemented with reasons such as inadequate competence of some top-level government officials, departmental approach, shortage of specialists in key areas, and disregard for recommendations from leading scientists. Meanwhile, trends in the development of the scientific and technical sphere in the USA and other leading countries indicated the establishment of national innovation systems as highly effective mechanisms for accelerating scientific and technical progress.
About the Authors
E. V. Bodrova
MIREA — Russian Technological University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena V. Bodrova, Doctor of History, Professor, Head of the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Moscow
V. V. Kalinov
National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vyacheslav V. Kalinov, Doctor of History, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of History
Moscow
V. N. Krasivskaya
MIREA — Russian Technological University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Valeriya N. Krasivskaya, PhD in History, Lecturer, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Moscow
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Review
For citations:
Bodrova E.V., Kalinov V.V., Krasivskaya V.N. Evolution of State Scientific and Technical Policy in USSR in Late 1960s. Nauchnyi dialog. 2024;13(4):363-382. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-4-363-382
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