An overview of trends in the development of Russian terminology is provided in the article. The issues of the historical roots and stages of development of Russian terminology, the peculiarities of the formation of this science are highlighted, and also the evolution of its main concept “term” is revealed. It is shown that the emergence of terminology as a science correlates with the era of great Russian natural science discoveries, characterized by social challenges. It is noted that one of the prerequisites for the formation of the theory of the term is the Russian philosophical thought of the early twentieth century. An overview of terminological concepts and views is built taking into account the principle of integrity and continuity of the main stages in the development of terminology. The object and subject of terminology in dynamics are shown with an emphasis on the specifics of the development of the term science within the framework of Russian philological science. Particular attention is paid to the description of models of terminological activity in different aspects. It is pointed out that the modern stage of terminology is in the development stage. The main conclusions of the study are formulated and the prospects for the further development of Russian terminology as a science are considered. A long way of development of Russian terminology is presented, demonstrating sufficient grounds for considering it as one of the leading directions of Russian linguistic science. 

The question is considered of how, within a separate fragment of intellectual and communicative activity (using the example of modern German-language scientific and technical discourse), the mechanism for implementing the category of syntactic complexity of an utterance based on the principle of iconicity in the processes of linear-structural organization of the text is revealed. It is shown that iconicity is the property of a linguistic sign to correspond to the object it denotes or the real situation it denotes. Insufficient study of iconicity is noted both in terms of theoretical and epistemological, and in the aspect of the variety of conditions, goals and methods of implementing communicative practices. The research material is considered on the basis of a verified model of semiotic analysis in the field of syntax (O. A. Kostrova) in the aspect of discrete and combinatorial implementation of the structural-syntactic, semantic-syntactic and pragmatic-syntactic iconicity of complex sentences in scientific discourse. It has been established that this or that type of iconicity is determined by the stylistic context and the parameter of marking / unmarking. It is proved that in scientific discourse, one elementary complex sentence, characterized by unmarking, can simultaneously include signs of all three types of iconicity. At the same time, it is indicated that, reflecting the real situation, the signs of one or another type of iconicity, realized in a complex sentence, may be lost. 

A longitudinal mediated asynchronous procedural experimental study is presented, the purpose of which is to demonstrate the correlation between the discourse and communication translation model and the translation strategy. Subjects’ retrospective self- and peer commentaries are analyzed. It is shown that the subjects’ evaluation of translation solutions implemented in the target text is based on their own translations and translating objectives, as reflected both in the self- and peer commentaries. The following translation dominants are revealed by the experiment: target text audience (recipient); source text style; source text type (genre), target text type (genre); individual linguistic features of the target text; discourse goals; discourse nodal points; discourse values; communication functions; typical properties of communication; and communication strategies. It is demonstrated that the discourse and communication translation model has a positive effect on the consistency and the degree of detail of source text analysis, and allows translators to make more informed decisions. It is noted that if changes in the target text are mainly caused by the translator’s decision to make corrections when re-accessing the text, these changes reflect the described translation dominants. It is shown that the model indirectly affects the quality of translation, depending on the degree of implementation of the translation strategy, taking the additional factors into account.

An overview of modern domestic and foreign linguistic studies of rap texts is presented. The features of rap as part of the global hip-hop culture are considered. The proof is given that rap text as a component of rap culture is the dominant of the subculture, and domestic rap is an authentic phenomenon. It is shown that over the past twenty years, the subject of research in the field of studying Russian-language rap texts has become more diverse. The main linguistic aspects of the study of rap texts (lexicon of rappers, slangisms, intertextual inclusions, gender characteristics, paronymic attraction) are revealed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the status of rap text as an object of linguistic research has been clarified, and guidelines have been created for further practical analysis of this type of text. For the first time, a number of works by foreign scientists that have not previously been presented in the domestic scientific space and which define new perspectives in the study of the Russian-language rap text are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to debatable issues about the status of rap text, its genre features. The authors of the article argue that the leading mechanism of text generation in Russian-language rap is paronymic attraction, which gives reason to consider rap text as a literary text. 

The results of the analysis of the rhetoric of Xi Jinping’s public speech are presented. The novelty of the research lies in an attempt of a comparative interpretation of allusive linguistic representations of the text of the speech and its translations into English and Russian. It is emphasized that the interpretation of linguistic representations or their decoding is possible in the contexts of linguacultural accents of allusions of the text and dictionary entries, since by its sign essence language is one of the codes of culture. The authors proceed from the fact that the allusion, being a cognitive category, has a cultural-code meaning (CC-meaning), which is reflected not only in the vocabulary conceptual content, but also in the system of extralinguistic knowledge, associations and images that acquire meaning, enshrined in the culture of linguistic community. The results of an interpretative analysis in order to identify allusive hidden meanings and cultural-code meanings of the units under study are presented in the article. An algorithm is proposed for the interpretative analysis of figurative units in the speech of Xi Jinping by comparing their representations in three languages. The question is raised that the allusions in the speech of the Chinese leader and their semantic correspondences in the translation texts are addressed both to the internal addressees / speakers of the Chinese language and to the external — foreign-language audience.

The results of a study of the functioning peculiarities of modified foreign anthroponyms in the Russian-language Internet discourse is presented in the article. The main methods of word formation, the structure and semantics of foreign occasional anthroponyms in the Russian-language Internet discourse are considered. The relevance and novelty of the study is due to the choice of linguistic material, which were foreign-language anthroponyms in Russian, in particular, modified names of members of the British royal family. It is shown that these occasional nominations embody the emotional and evaluative attitude of Russian-speaking Internet users to members of the royal family. The results of a structural and comparative analysis of modified foreign anthroponyms used by Russian-speaking Internet users are presented. An attempt is made to show how the derivational means of the Russian language can reflect the subjective connotation of occasional derivatives. The main word-formation models in the field of occasional anthroponymy of the Russian language are revealed. It is concluded that the most productive way of modifying foreign anthroponyms in the Russian-language Internet discourse is suffixation. The semantics of the identified word-formation models is analyzed, their emotional-expressive function in the language is studied. The results of a statistical analysis of the use of the main methods of creating modified foreign anthroponyms in the Russian-language Internet discourse are presented. 

The peculiarities of adaptation of anglicisms in the Chinese language are considered. It is shown that the penetration of English linguistic units into the Chinese language is a modern trend, especially in the field of computer technology. It is noted that the morphemes of borrowed words, penetrating into the Chinese language, take part in word formation in the role of classifiers, becoming a constant component of a complex word, which ensures the productivity of a certain model in the Chinese language. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the semantic scope of the term hacker. It has been established that the word hacker has developed different meanings over the past decades. It is pointed out that as the role of the hacker in life changed, the word acquired new interpretations, from neutral ‘specialist’ to negative ‘miscreant’. It is shown that the most active way of borrowing anglicisms is transliteration: the word hacker functions in the Chinese language in the form of two hieroglyphs 黑客, where the second component is included in the “X + 客” model, according to which other neologisms are created. It was revealed that the model is the most productive for the formation of words with the meaning of a person engaged in a certain activity, which is largely due to the active use of the word hacker in the Chinese language.

The article is devoted to a review of scientific works and critical publications of domestic and foreign scientists in 2000—2021, which presents a modern view of the study of Evenk literature and folklore of Transbaikalia, the Amur Region and North China. The relevance of the topic of the scientific review is due to the increasing interest of the world community in the problems of preserving and developing the cultures of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the world in the late XX — early XXI centuries, in connection with which the consideration of the Evenk (Tungus) ethnoculture of various regions, including the transboundary (Russia-China), in the global scale requires special attention.  The authors turn to the identification of research strategies of representatives of scientific centers in Russia and countries of the world, taking into account the achievements in the field of Tungus studies of the XX century and the expansion of the problem field in the first decades of the XXI century. It is proved that in 2000—2021 the geography of publications of scientific works in this field on a global scale changes significantly: Russia, China, European countries, USA, Japan. A characteristic feature of modern research is an interdisciplinary focus. There is an increase in academic interest in the “Evenk phenomenon” in literature and an increase in the number of literary works.

An interpretation of the story “Culture Capitalism”, placed in the authoritative anthology “Every Short Story: from 1951 to 2012” of the classic of Scottish literature Alasdair Gray, in the context of the original interpretation by the patriotic writer of the “Scottish question «is offered in the article. It is noted that the problems of the story, written in 1990, are closely related to the establishment in the same year of the status of Glasgow as a cultural capital. Gray’s doubt about the declared cultural messages is analyzed through the prism of the concepts of P. Bourdieu and S. Žižek. It is proved that certain plots and images indicate the development in Gray’s work of ideas close to researchers of postcolonial literature, and in particular the idea of “internal colonization" of Scotland. An interpretation of a number of images that have an allegorical meaning in the light of criticism of English cultural, political and economic hegemony is offered in the article. In addition, based on the ideas of J. Homberg-Schramm about the nature of the nation’s ideas about its gender, class and linguistic identity, the author considers the representation of national auto-stereotypes and their consistent revision. The author concludes that Alasdair Gray sees the possible peaceful coexistence of England and Scotland beyond the boundaries of the model of exploitative colonialism.

The specificity of the synthesis of elements included in the historical narrative, and Christian motives, images in the novel of the largest contemporary Russian prose writer Zakhar Prilepin is comprehended in the article. The relevance of the article is due to the need to build a coherent and consistent history of the development of Russian literature over the past two decades, an important part of which is the legacy of the popular writers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian literary criticism “Abode” is considered from the proposed perspective: its genre specificity is analyzed in a Christian context. It has been established that, despite the presence of elements of documentary, adventurous, love-psychological novels, in terms of genre, “The Abode” can be attributed to a historical novel (it depicts a turning point in Russian history through a conflict between historical figures and fictional “average” heroes, combines historical facts and fiction). At the same time, an interest in eternal moral issues, problems of life and death, conscience and duty, love and fidelity in their Christian understanding becomes a feature of Prilepin’s understanding of the historical theme. In their work, the authors of the article used comparative historical, biographical, socio-cultural methods, as well as the method of a holistic analysis of a work of art. 

The features of the organization of the artistic world of a fantastic work are considered. The material was the works of O. Gromyko, written in the genre of fantasy. The main parameters of the organization of the artistic world are analyzed: artistic space, artistic time and the picture of the heroes’ world, understood as a system of their value attitudes and rules. The relevance of the study is due not only to the wide popularity of works of science fiction, but also to the ability to analyze the linguistic means of creating a “secondary world” using this material. The scientific novelty of this work is seen in the fact that linguistic nominative means of forming the main categories of the artistic world: space, time and the picture of the world are investigated. It is shown that the understanding of a fantastic work as a special “otherness of reality” is associated in literary science with the problem of artistic convention. Attention is paid to the description of the main scientific approaches to understanding the primary and secondary artistic conventions. It is noted that the idea of creating a special artistic world in fiction correlates with secondary conventions and fiction, which are interpreted as essential features of any work of art. The author concludes that the exceptional plausibility of the universe under consideration is due to the conceptuality, associativity and duality of the created narrative. 

The results of a comparative analysis of the images of giants in the mythological traditions of geographically close unrelated peoples — the Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi) and the Zabolotny Tatars are presented in the article. It is noted that the assimilation and leveling of the features of the giants images in original cultures did not occur, despite the fact that the myths of the West Siberian peoples were subjected to processes of mutual influence. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the external features and the origin of mythological characters (giants) with the specifics of the geoclimatic landscapes inhabited by the peoples that form the epic. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for the first time the genesis, attributes and functions of the mythological heroes of unrelated peoples living in adjacent territories — the Ob Ugrians and the Zabolotny Tatars — are compared. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the image of a giant has significant prospects in the reconstruction of an ethnic cultural space, since, being one of the most archaic characters in myths, at the same time it remains a part of modern cultural consciousness. The author’s vision of the common and unique features of giants as distinctive characters of the Ob-Ugric and Siberian Tatar mythological systems is presented in the article. The research materials were myths and legends of the peoples of Western Siberia, records of oral stories of the indigenous inhabitants of the region, collected by the authors during field expeditions. 

The results of the typological analysis of the Galician sports press of the 1920s—1930s are presented. The quantitative growth of sports publications in Galicia during the analyzed period is noted, despite the fact that the region is under Polish hegemony, and the role of the regional sports press as a catalyst of national consciousness is emphasized. The sociopolitical conditions for the development of sports periodicals and general trends in the program policy of Galician sports publications have been determined. The novelty of the research is seen in the identification of the characteristic regional dominants of the sports periodicals in Galicia through the implementation of content analysis of Galician publications and a comparative analysis of sports journalism in Galicia and the Ukrainian SSR of the 1920s—1930s. The author’s development of the periodization of the sports press of Galicia of the indicated era based on the unification of sociopolitical, typological, problem-thematic, genre features of publications in a certain chronological period is presented, constitutional dominants of each period are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the review and content analysis of the most representative media of each period of the sports press of Galicia in the 1920s and 1930s, where the units of scientific observation were the goals and objectives of the publications, the composition of the editorial boards, the genre and problem-thematic ranges of materials. An overview analysis of the conditions of development, the characteristics of content, structure, genre-thematic palette, authorship of the sports media of Galicia in the context of sports journalism of Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century is presented in conclusion.

The article is devoted to the history of the organization of consumer services for the population in the areas of construction of the BAM western section in 1974—1989. The features of the material and technical support of the household service, the problems of staffing, the structure and dynamics of services in cities and townships of builders are considered. It is noted that the network of consumer services enterprises was designed in a temporary version for the period of construction of the main railway. It is shown that the lag in the development of the public services system was caused by the sectoral mechanism of construction management, adjustments to design estimates, and a reduction in funding for civil construction. It is emphasized that, unlike other objects of the social sphere, which received the support of the all-Union ministries, the organization of the welfare service was under the territorial jurisdiction. In consumer services for the population of the construction site, such problems as a lack of production space, materials and components, an insignificant degree of mechanization and automation of labor, and a high staff turnover have been identified. Summing it up, the author comes to the conclusion that attempts to reform the industry in the second half of the 1980s could not significantly increase the efficiency of the household service in connection with the completion of the BAM construction and the simultaneous crisis of the Soviet system. 

The history of the formation of the fuel and energy system of Yakutia in the 1920s—1930s is considered, the process of its formation as the basis of the industrial development of the Yakut ASSR is shown. It is noted that, starting with the search and exploration of coal deposits, the process of creating a coal industry in Yakutia only at the end of the 1920s was marked by a transition to the stage of industrial development and coal mining. It is shown that over the next decade, from the first volumes of coal mined at the Sangarsky, Zyryansky, Dzhebariki-Khaisky, Kangalassky deposits, the coal industry of the republic has grown into the main base of its industrial development. It is noted that the main goal of the development of coal deposits was the solution of national economic problems, among which the leading was the creation of conditions for the development of the gold mining industry.  It is emphasized that it is no less important to provide coal for sea and river transport, which has gradually turned into the main transport artery for the transportation of goods to the republic. It is indicated that the creation of the coal industry became the basis for the industrial development of the Yakut ASSR. It is concluded that the historical experience of the formation of coal production serves as an example of a planned, integrated approach to the formation of industries in the region 

The article is devoted to the study of the resettlement processes that took place on the territory of the Tara district of the Tobolsk category at the end of the 17^th century. The source for the study was the Tara County Sentinel Book of 1701. It is noted that the main participants in the resettlement were service people and peasants, while a significant part of them arrived in Siberia at the call of the authorities, few moved voluntarily. The reasons for migrations, both organized by the state and independent, of a strategic, socio-economic nature, are considered. There are two types of migrations: external, carried out from the European part of the country, and internal, occurring on the territory of the Siberian region. It is shown that the flow of residents and their subsequent redistribution in the region itself caused the emergence of new settlements, contributing to the creation of an area of continuous settlement. Calculations were made of the number of migrants who arrived in the Tara district at the end of the 17^th century, and villages were identified in which the largest number of them was considered. It has been established that the most active participants in the migration processes in the Tara district were peasants; a significant proportion of immigrants arrived here in the 1690s. A conclusion is made about the potential of the 1701 Sentinel Book in terms of reconstructing an integral picture of the colonization of Siberia at the end of the 17^th century.

One of the little-studied episodes of the systemic crisis that gripped Russian territory at the beginning of the last century as a result of wars and revolutions, as well as social transformations in the countryside, is considered. The food situation in Kabardino-Balkaria in the 1920s is analyzed. The features of the research approach inherent in the works of regional historians of the Soviet period when examining the theme of famine in Kabardino-Balkaria in 1921—1922 and 1930 are revealed in the article. On the material of archival sources, the active role of local and central authorities in the fight against hunger in the region in 1921—1922 is shown. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the 1930 famine. The main reasons for the taboo of this topic and the lack of its scientific development are established. It is proved that the scale and consequences of the food crisis in Kabardino-Balkaria in 1930 was comparable to the similar phenomena of 1921—1922. The subject of the anti-collective farm movement, which began in the summer of 1928 and lasted until the completion of the collectivization of peasant farms in Kabardino-Balkaria, associated with the problem of the systemic crisis of the indicated period, is highlighted.

The discourse on the nature and boundaries of royal sovereignty, which unfolded with the coming to power of George III in Great Britain, is considered. The key features and changes in the constitutional views of the Tories that took shape in the 60—90s of the 18^th century are examined in the article. The relevance of the study lies in determining the nature and role of the discourse under study in the formation of a new Tory identity, concentrating on the integral role of the monarch. The novelty of the research lies in the emphasis on the religious component of this discourse, as well as in the use of church sermons as a special kind of source. At the same time, some excerpts of sermons are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It is emphasized that during the period under study, the Tory party did not have a political ideology, and the current policy was influenced by fears about the stability of the English constitution associated with the events in the North American colonies. The validity of the cautious approaches of the supporters of the critical direction in modern British historiography to the assessment of Tory identity in the last third of the 18^th century is shown. The author’s assessment of how Toryism of the 60—90s of the 18^th century reinterprets the experience of the “old Tories”, combining traditional respect for the royal prerogative with the recognition of the rights and privileges of parliament. 

The activity of the official of the Maritime Ministry B. P. Mansurov as an agent of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in 1857—1860 the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade combined the tasks of setting up new transport lines in the East and caring for Russian pilgrims. It is noted that Mansurov’s activities marked the beginning of the construction of Russian Palestine. It is shown that Mansurov’s reports became the main documents of the “Jerusalem Project”, designed to unite different departments in order to strengthen Russia’s influence in the East. It is emphasized that Mansurov drew the attention of both the authorities and the Russian society to the situation of the pilgrims and contributed to the successful construction of Russian Palestine. The novelty of the research lies in the introduction of new documents into the scientific circulation, allowing to trace the history of relations between Mansurov and the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade, the reasons and process of the shipping company's exit from the Jerusalem Project, financing of the care of pilgrims by the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade.

Based on a wide range of attracted archival materials, the problems of establishing the border line between the Siberian Territory and the Ural Region in the mid-1920s are examined in the article. The main controversial issues, which consisted in the discussion about the belonging of a part of the Tobolsk North and the Ishim District, which were part of the beginning of zoning in the Ural region are revealed. Attention is paid to the history of the emergence of border disputes that appeared as a result of the attribution of a number of West Siberian territories from the jurisdiction of Sibrevkom to the Urals in the early 1920s. A detailed description of the process of determining the western border of the Siberian Territory is given by the leadership of the Sibrevkom, as well as by the higher authorities of the RSFSR in close cooperation with the Ural and Siberian authorities. Various arguments of the Siberians, the Urals and the central authorities, used in the process of delimiting and resolving disputes between Siberia and the Urals, which make it possible to more objectively determine the legality of the established demarcation line are presented. It is concluded that the territorial claims of the Siberian leadership to the Ural authorities were justified and relied on the undefined status of the disputed sections of the border, which arose as a result of the temporary abandonment of the territory of the former Tyumen province by the central government as part of the Ural region formed in November 1923.

The article is devoted to the study of material, financial, personnel problems that accompanied the process of restructuring the system of Russian secondary education in Western Siberia in the first decade after the beginning of reforms in the field of education in 1803—1804. Based on the specific historical material of the history of the Tobolsk classical gymnasium, the first in Western Siberia, the author considers ways to overcome these problems during the period of the reform of the Main Public School and the formation of a male classical gymnasium on its basis. Special attention is paid to the issues of administrative and financial support of the first Western Siberian classical gymnasium by the trustee of the Kazan educational district S. Ya. Rumovsky, Minister of Education P. V. Zavadovsky, administrative and economic activities of the first director of the gymnasium A. Kh. Eiben, issues of charity of Russian and local entrepreneurs. The research was carried out on the basis of published and unpublished archival materials. The first group should include a historical note about the Tobolsk gymnasium, compiled by teachers S. I. Zamakhaev and G. A. Tsvetaev in 1889 on the basis of the archive of the gymnasium, now lost. Specific historical, systemic, comparative historical methods have become the main methods for researching sources. 

The issue of socio-economic development of the Khulun-Buir aimag in the Heilongjiang province during the years of the “cultural revolution” is considered (1969—1976). On the basis of monographs and statistical reference books published in China, the problem of the revival of the industrial base and agriculture in both Hulun Buir and Heilongjiang province is considered. It is proved that during these years there was an annual growth of the gross domestic product in the studied regions. Particular attention is paid to identifying the main reasons that contributed to the development of industry and other key sectors of the national economy in Hulun Buir and Heilongjiang province in 1969—1976. It was possible to trace the dynamics of the socio-economic development of the Khulun-Buir aimag in this period, according to which the author singled out three stages: the first stage (1969—1971) is associated with the political course of the CPC Central Committee on “preparation for war” and is characterized by the revival, first of all, of heavy and light industry; the second stage (1971—1975) is associated with the formation of a new policy, which contributed to the annual growth of GDP in the studied regions of China; the third stage (1975—1976) is characterized by an exacerbation of factional contradictions in the Chinese leadership, a sharp decline in the economic indicators of the Hulun Buir aimag and Heilongjiang province.

The history of the construction of BAM settlements on the territory of the Khabarovsk region in 1974—1984 is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the experience of housing construction of the Soviet era in areas of new development, the use of which is possible for the development of modern programs of the Far East. Using materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Khabarovsk region, the authors analyzed the volumes of construction of housing and social infrastructure facilities, identified the main shortcomings and difficulties associated with this process, such as lagging behind the construction of housing, adjusting master plans. An attempt has been made to classify the BAM settlements of the Khabarovsk region, to determine the set of social infrastructure facilities in them. The novelty of the research is determined by the poor study of the history of BAM construction settlements on the territory of the Khabarovsk region and the introduction of new sources into scientific circulation. The authors come to the conclusion that the lack of housing and the poor development of social infrastructure in the BAM villages of the Khabarovsk region became one of the reasons for the outflow of BAM builders, which negatively affected the implementation of the government’s plans to settle the Far East and ensure the effective use of the Baikal-Amur Mainline.

The article is devoted to the foreign policy course of the anti-Bolshevik Provisional Priamurye Government, which controled Primorye in 1921—1922. The source base of the research was the journalism of the pro-government press (the newspapers “Slovo”, “Russian Territory”, “Bulletin of the Provisional Priamurye Government”) and archival materials. Particular attention is paid to the role of the media in substantiating the foreign policy of the Far Eastern non-socialists. It is shown that the official statements of the government (appeals, proclamations, interviews of officials) published in the press contained the foundations of the foreign policy doctrine of the White movement. In addition, it is indicated that anti-Bolshevik publicists regularly responded to foreign policy events and tried to form public opinion through newspaper articles. It is noted that the cornerstone of the program of the Provisional Priamurye Government was the thesis of the antagonism of “Russia” (personified in the white Primorye) and “Sovdepia” — RSFSR (together with the buffer Far Eastern Republic). As an example, illustrating the application of Provisional Priamurye Government ideological attitudes in practice, the sending of a delegation from the white Primorye to the Washington conference at the end of 1921 is given. The preceding press campaign, designed to substantiate the importance of the presence of the anti-Bolshevik delegation in Washington, is highlighted. 

The monthly marriage and birth rate of the population of the Tambov province in 1915—1916 is considered in the article. The methodological basis of the work was the theory of modernization, which is considered by the author in the context of the history of Russia in the 19^th — first half of the 20^th centuries in the classical interpretation of the transition from traditional society to modern. The novelty of the article lies in the introduction into the scientific circulation of data on the seasonal dynamics of marriage and fertility of the Tambovites during the First World War. A comparative analysis of the corresponding numerical indicators among the townspeople and villagers in 1915—1916 with the pre-war period is carried out. The author comes to the conclusion that the seasonal dynamics of marriage and fertility can be used as a quantitative substantiation of such directions of spiritual modernization as the level of secularization and the propensity to innovate. The analysis shows that the general model of the demographic behavior of Tambov residents is generally correlated with the previous periods. The author comes to the conclusion that the revealed differences between the townspeople and villagers of the Tambov province in the studied plan indicate a greater inclination of the former to innovations and their higher level of secularization, and this confirms the position that the Tambov society was only at the initial stage of spiritual modernization.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the mystical sectarianism spread on the territory of the Tobolsk province in the 18^th — early 20^th centuries. The main groups of mystical sects in the Tobolsk province are revealed. The features of the sects’ doctrine are characterized. The socially dangerous nature of the activities of Eunuchs, causing physical and moral harm to persons involved in the sect, is characterized on specific historical material. The authors come to the conclusion about the relativity of government statistics on the number of sectarians in the region. The nature of the interaction of sectarian communities with the state, as well as the implementation of confessional policy on the territory of the province is presented in the work. Analysis of forensic sources allows us to conclude that the use of severe punishment, including imprisonment, deprivation of all rights of the state and exile to remote areas of the country, largely contributed to the departure of Eunuchs from the practice of castrating their followers, the use of less cruel methods of achieving “bodily purity”. The dynamics of the degree of distribution and the nature of the settlement of sectarians are considered.  The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the complex of legislative, statistical and record keeping sources of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow) and the State Archive in Tobolsk.

The article is devoted to the work of public charitable organizations and institutions in the Nizhny Novgorod province of the post-reform Russian Empire in various areas of the social sphere. The relevance of the study is due to the development of charitable activities in modern Russia, the need to get acquainted with the historical experience. A review of the activities of voluntary societies, both all-Russian, with branches in Nizhny Novgorod, and, in fact, regional, in the field of social security, health care and public education has been carried out. On the basis of the charters and reports of the companies, their goals, objectives, management structure, sources of funds, forms of assistance to those in need are considered. The author shows the possibilities of social self-organization in the conditions of autocracy, the nature and methods of cooperation between civil society and the authorities. The reasons for the development of charity in the Nizhny Novgorod province in the second half of the XIX century, the motives prompting various segments of the population to engage in it are revealed. The universalism of the work of organizations, in other words unification within the framework of one society of different areas of activity are emphasized in the article. The author comes to the conclusion that the second half of the 19^th — the beginning of the 20^th century was a period of activity of charitable societies and institutions, whose main obstacle in achieving their goals was a lack of funds.

The process of building ethno-religious boundaries in the 18th century in the social space of Western Siberia is considered on the example of the provincial center — Tobolsk. The relevance of the study is due to the transformation of ethno-confessionalism from a cultural phenomenon into an instrument that can be used for political purposes in modern Russia. One of the methodological research tools is the method of analysis of the “new local history”, which allows you to create a holistic perception of the study of the social life of the past “at a local object”. The main stages of the state ethno-confessional policy in the 18th century are highlighted. The facts of the forced Christianization of Muslims are clarified. The authors draw attention to the role of the personal (subjective) factor in the processes under study. On the example of the activities of Metropolitan Sylvester Glovatsky and the governor F. I. Soimonov, the vector of the development of interfaith relations is considered, which often depends on the foresight and ideological attitudes of local authorities. Particular attention is paid to government decrees reflecting the position of the state in the ethno-religious sphere. The features are revealed and the main stages of the process of Christianization of Siberian Muslims during the 18th century are highlighted. The process of formation of interfaith boundaries in the multiethnic Siberian region is analyzed. The historiography of the topic under study is presented.