The individual-author’s interpretation of the word face and partially its synonymous series in the Bacchic context in the works of A. P. Chekhov is studied. The material for the study is fragments from the prose works of the writer, presented in the Complete Works, which, along with a description of the character’s appearance, contain an indication of the situation of drinking alcohol. The relevance of this study is associated with the definition of idio-style features (individual and usual) in the representation of the situation of drinking wine, as well as with the features of describing the appearance of a Bacchic person. It has been revealed that in the Bacchic context the lexeme “face” is accompanied by evaluative characteristics, verbalized adjectival phrases, which contain information about both the shape, texture, complexion, and about the activity, pastime of the subject of the situation. It is shown that the face becomes a mirror of a person’s lifestyle and can have an artifactual interpretation, that is, it acquires the same properties as clothes — it becomes “rumpled”, “tattered”, “worn”. It is also noted that an outside observer is able to read thoughts and emotions from facial expressions, and the inability to see a face is the cause of fear.

The article is devoted to the study of records of dialect speech, verbalizing the ideas of rural residents of the Vologda region about the system of transport and means of communication. The object of analysis is the lexical set of names of vehicles and means of communication, as well as the corpus of texts. Informants differentiate roads in detail from the point of view of the possibilities of their use in summer or winter, for walking, skiing, wheeled, sledge, caterpillar, sled, etc. transportation. Many traditional beliefs and customs of dialect speakers are associated with the road. Informants living near navigable rivers and large lakes perceive movement by water as one of the ordinary components of the transport system, while those living far from water bodies treat water transport with caution and prejudice, emphasizing the danger of the water element. The most vivid impressions of dialect speakers about movement in space are associated with air transport. The narrative of this event is clothed in the genre form of a “story-plate”, which occupies an intermediate position between everyday and folklore non-fairy-tale prose. However, such stories, as a rule, tell about the first or only air flight in the life of the informant. 

An overview of domestic publications on conflictology in the field of linguistics is provided in the article. A quantitative analysis of linguistic works on the problem of conflict from 1990 to 2022 is carried out. The linguistic features of the study of conflict in dissertations, monographs, articles and textbooks are evaluated. Leading research methods: bibliometric analysis, publication method, classification method. The relevance of the study is related to the objective need to understand conflicts in different areas of scientific knowledge, as well as the need to study the contribution of the philological sciences to the development of modern conflictology. Monitoring of linguistic works on conflict shows that linguistics is beginning to take a strong place in the theory of conflictology. The analysis of bibliographic information allows us to characterize the main directions of the problem of conflict study in linguistics: contradictions in language and speech, conflict of language norms, conceptual essence of the conflict phenomenon, verbalization of the concept CONFLICT, objectification of reality conflicts in texts, language markers of conflict potential, destructive practices of conflict, ways of communication optimization, legal dimension of linguistic conflict, linguistic ways of conflict prevention. The author’s diversification of linguistic works by types of conflict is presented in the article.

The authors of the paper proceed from the assumption that translation from Arabic into Russian and vice versa will be instrumental in strengthening economic ties of Russia with the Middle East countries and expanding foreign trade of companies in the near future. They substantiate the idea that success of foreign trade activities largely depends on the extent to which differences in the corporate law of Russia and Arab states are taken into consideration. The paper offers a review of differences in the corporate law that affect translation activity and highlights their main reasons related, first and foremost, to different conditions in which legal systems of Russia and the Middle East countries were formed. Using specific examples, the authors consider the main translation problems predetermined by differences in the corporate law of various states as well as in the terminological systems of the corporate law, and offer various means of solving the problems. It is concluded that the main principle of solving problems faced in translation is to transfer the meaning implied by the source text sender. 

The problem of psycholinguistic interpretation (from the point of view of the writer) of punctuation errors is considered. The material for the study was punctuation errors in the punctogram “Dash between the subject and the predicate” and their explanations obtained from adult subjects (from 22 to 30 years old) as part of a “natural” experiment. The relevance of the study lies, firstly, in the psycholinguistic “turn” in the study of punctuation errors; secondly, in the development of the concept of punctuation as a special component in the generation of a written utterance. It is shown that punctuation errors associated with the omission of a dash or with the use of a comma instead of it in the position between the nominative

/ infinitive subject and the predicate with a zero copula are mainly due to the overgeneralization of the model conditions for the use of a dash. The author explains that the punctuation component is created by punctuation skills acquired in the learning process and is a system of speech actions (and operations) that allow using a punctogram or a punctuation mark in accordance with the norm, usage and intentions of the writer. The analysis of punctuation errors comes to the conclusion that the punctuation component, on the one hand, is distributed between the late phases of inner speech and external speech, and on the other hand, belongs not only to the model of generating a separate written utterance, but also to the model of generating a written text.

On the material of the texts of the spiritual writer B. I. Gladkov, the features of the implementation of the speech genre “interpretation of the Gospel” are considered. The specificity of the embodiment of the ideas of Orthodoxy is indicated. Significant features of the functioning of religions and tropes in the presented speech genre are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about its distinctive features. Particular attention is paid to the typology and functioning of Christian religions, the use of which is considered as one of the features of the church-religious functional style. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it examines in detail the types of religions that exist in the genre of “interpretation of the Gospel”, provides illustrations of their use, indicates the functions they perform (characterological, emotive, evaluative, prescriptive, etc.). It has been established that in the analyzed texts the most common types of religion names are theonyms; biblonyms; hagioanthroponyms; names of biblical events; names of gospel heroes, etc. It is shown that the author’s use of a combination of such intra-genres as “opinion”, “comment-explanation”, “advice” belongs to the main features of the “interpretation of the Gospel” genre. The results of the study are of interest for theolinguistics, stylistics, and rhetoric. 

The issue of the development of the Nigerian film industry and the specifics of the screenplay text as a reflection of the linguocultural picture of the world is considered. The question is raised about identifying the linguo-socio-cultural features of the screenplay text formed during the contact interaction of British English and the indigenous languages and cultures of Nigeria. It is proved that the text of the Nigerian film script has all the key textual categories, like the texts of British and American films, but in the refraction of the Nigerian linguistic culture. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the derived new properties of the Nigerian screenplay text in the process of linguocultural adaptation of British English to the realities of Nigerian culture. The author’s development of a model of linguocultural adaptation of the Nigerian screenplay text is presented and its unique properties at the level of vocabulary and grammar are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the aspect of the sociolinguistic differentiation of the Nigerian society and the identification of errors in the dialogic communication of the characters depending on their belonging to the sociolinguistic type — acrolect, mesolect, basilect. The results obtained can be used for researchers in the field of the theory of language contacts in the field of communicative syntax.

The evolution of the concept of “virtual personality” relevant for the digital age (from diffuse to terminological) is considered. The means of its expression are analyzed. Research sources: personal websites and blogs of contemporary Russian authors, prose and philosophical texts. Electronic search databases were also involved: Russian National Corpus, the media bank “Integrum”. The objectives of the study are to define and describe the semantic structure of the term virtual personality; identify semantic connections with related nominations (network personality, digital personality; real personality); to establish possible transformations of the concept of “personality” in the digital age. The study was carried out using the methods of cognitive science and functional sociolinguistics. As a result: a model of a dictionary entry for the term virtual personality is presented (for the forthcoming dictionary of digital society terms). For the first time, a comparative analysis of the concepts of “virtual personality” and “digital personality” was carried out according to such criteria as intentional / unintentional, activity / passivity, subject / object of influence, presence / absence of (relative) freedom. A conclusion is proposed about the expansion of the semantics of the word personality in the context of digital technologies of the information society due to a new lexical-semantic variant: ‘a set of user data presented on the Web in digital format; digital footprint. 

The features of children’s word creation in one of the series of the animated film “Masha and the Bear” are studied. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the study of the language game on the example of the speech of children’s cartoon characters allows us to obtain new information about the features of children’s word creation in modern media products. It is shown that the authors of the animated series “Masha and the Bear” deliberately use a variety of game techniques to imitate children’s speech. A series is analyzed, which is devoted to playing out the features of the creative activity of children when they master the language. It is noted that the character Masha in this series uses spoonerisms and occasionalisms. Foreign translations of these means of expression into English, French, Spanish and Ukrainian are given. It is shown that not all unusual words that Masha creates are translated in foreign cartoons with exact equivalents. Some of them are replaced by the names of animals, the image of which is more often used in foreign culture. It is concluded that children’s word creation in media content has not been sufficiently studied, while it plays an important role both in reflecting the characteristics of children's speech and in shaping the creative thinking of young viewers.

An interpretation   of   the   semantic   unity of the poetic cycle of Joseph Brodsky “Mexican    Divertissement”    (1975),    consisting of 7 (15) lyrical texts, is proposed. If earlier researchers considered one or another poem of the cycle in isolation, then the problem of the integrity of the entire lyrical work is actualized in the work, the question of the relationship of individual cyclic texts is raised. It is shown how the same characters (emperor Maximilian, Huaretz, lyrical hero), images (ducks, parrot, lizard, cancer, etc.), motives (loneliness, death, delirium), details (geometry of figures, etc.), words and signs (explicated and implied) pass from text to text, ensuring the unity of the whole variety of melodic “pictures” of the divertissement. It is traced how “random” details appearing in one text are overgrown with additional connotations in another, providing semantic and logical support for the whole. Brodsky’s intertextual references to classical Russian literature are revealed, which translate the code of the text from “Mexican divertissement” to “Leningrad / Petersburg”, allowing one to discern the contours of the history of Russia and the fate of the hero himself (alter ego of the author) behind the exotic realities of Mexico. Some “dark places” of the cycle are deciphered, new interpretations of those already reflected by criticism are proposed. It is shown that the intention of the hero-narrator is focused not on the position of the scriptertraveler, but the creator-thinker.

The article is devoted to the strategies for creating a prosaic super-cycle by Boris Akunin by referring to the technique of the game as a through cycle-forming principle. The relevance of the proposed analysis is due to the fact that the potential for creating principles for creating supertextual unity requires additional research in Russian literary criticism, since in modern literature a number of authors resort to this particular model of arranging their works (in addition to Akunin, these are, for example, Pelevin, Rubina, Vodolazkin, etc.). The novelty of the study is due to the research of how the works of the “Fandorin corpus” are combined into a supertext integrity due to a number of game tactics, including the tactics of an enigmatic-game dialogue with the reader. The classic canon of the detective, set by 19th-century authors, involves a game with the reader based on the calculation of the criminal, and this game is hermetic. Akunin, explicitly referring to the 19th century in the annotations to the New Detective series, opens the game system in the text of the detective story, offering the reader to enter an interactive quest at will. The same principle is used in other works of the “Fandorin corpus”. 

The article presents evidence of A. M. Gorky’s stay in the German city of Saarov in 1922-1923. Within the framework of the historical-contextual approach, an attempt was made to show how the mechanisms for preserving and updating memory function in relation to a particular writer. We are talking about the world-famous classic of Russian / Soviet literature — A. M. Gorky. It is traced how his personality and creative heritage, which once became part of world literature, are perceived in a foreign cultural space of the 21st century (namely, a century after Gorky’s stay in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century). The analysis involves both material objects of culture (museum complexes, monuments, etc.), onomastic geolocation, and elements of memorial culture related to written sources. These are the memoirs of contemporaries, research, as well as the actualization of Gorky’s work at the level of mass consciousness (the creation of a certain citation book from Gorky’s works, etc.). It is concluded that Gorky’s personality and work continue to be an integral part of the memorial culture of Germany, and his name, despite the change of generations, ideologies and geopolitical shifts, has not been erased from the cultural map of this country. 

The phenomenon of “Nordic (Scandinavian) noir”, which has formed in the literature of Northern Europe in the last two decades, is studied. The author considers the works of Swedish, Danish, Norwegian prose writers and proves the insufficient legitimacy of their attribution to “noir”. The term noir is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the novels by S. Larsson, J. Nesbø, H. Flood, M. Lindstein, A. Mette Hancock, the relevance of the term detective in relation to the work of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish prose writers is stated. It has been established that the definition of “Scandinavian (Nordic) noir” is not applicable to any of the newest Scandinavian novels. In terms of genre, in fact, each of these works is a detective story that combines other genre elements. “Millennium” by S. Larsson, “The Snowman”, “Leopard”, “Redneck” by J. Nesbø, “Corpse Flower” by A. M. Hancock synthesize elements of a detective, family and social novel. “The Therapist” H. Flod is a synthesis of a psychological thriller and a detective story. “A sect from a misty island” by M. Lindsteen combines the properties of a gothic novel (a closed chronotope of a manor, which is an analogue of a castle chronotope; the presence of a villain hero who determines the plot deployment) and a psychological detective story (an investigating heroine who reconstructs the events of the past, relying on logic to solve the mystery and giving realistic motivation to what is happening). 

The reception of the phenomenon of imposture in the “Moscow” stories of M. A. Bulgakov in the 1920s: “Diaboliade”, “Fatal Eggs” and “Heart of a Dog”. The relevance of studying the problem is due to the fact that reception is not a process of replication or reconstruction of the primary features of the phenomenon, but their rethinking. The study of the reception of imposture demonstrated which fragments of the primary cultural code of the phenomenon of imposture remained, and which ones were modified after actualization in the new conditions. An attempt is made to trace the evolution and complication of the image of the impostor from the “Diaboliad” and “Fatal Eggs” to the “Heart of a Dog”. Particular attention is paid to the ways of representing the phenomenon of “domestic imposture”. It is determined that “imposture” appears in two versions: forced (involuntarily) and conscious (resulting from a conscious choice of a character). The main ways of manifestation of imposture in the stories are revealed: appropriation of someone else’s / loss of one’s name or title, taking someone else’s place / position, imposing new roles, theatrical / acting behavior of the characters, “dressing up” of the characters. It is concluded that the phenomenon of imposture in satirical stories is based on a psychological “role” conflict, due to the problem of identifying a person in society. 

The article is devoted to the concept of “quixoticism” by M. de Unamuno. It is determined that Unamuno’s Quixoteism was formed on the basis of the philosophy of F. M. Dostoevsky, with which M. de Unamuno has much in common: the perception of the image of Don Quixote as a reflection of the national character. It is emphasized that the basic difference between these philosophies is the realism of the “Christ-like” image in F. M. Dostoevsky and the reality of the “quixotic” image, which goes beyond the artistic world in M. de Unamuno. It has been proven that Unamuno’s Quixoticism is essentially a religion that includes the main religious components, but Don Quixote lives on earth, while, unlike Christ, he is a man, a man with a divine beginning, a man who imitates God. The authors note that, despite the difference in approaches, both F. M. Dostoevsky and M. de Unamuno bow before the image of Don Quixote. Each of them sees in it a reflection of the national characteristics of the peoples to which the authors identify themselves (Russian and Spanish), as well as a biblical reference to Jesus Christ. It is determined that the distinguishing features of perception is the fact that the characters of F. M. Dostoevsky are striving for greater realism, while the characters of Unamuno are more real in their own way, even relative to its creator, and have a greater impact on the existence and spiritual development of “real” people than other “real” people. 

The history of Erdeni-dzu, the first stationary Buddhist monastery in Mongolia, founded in 1585—1586, is considered, and attention is paid to its current state. The relevance of the study is due to insufficient knowledge of the history of individual monasteries that played an important role in the spread of Buddhism, which include Erdeni-dzu, which was a model for other Mongolian monasteries and had a cultural significance in the ethnic history of the people. The novelty of the study is seen in the conclusion that the first monks — Tibetan lamas, who belonged to the Sakyapa school, contributed to the Mongolian lamas in the study and development of the fullness and integrity of the Buddhist theological tradition. They supported the creation of the actual Mongolian monastic community — the sangha, which, until the closure, the Erdeni-dzu monastery was one of the religious, cultural and economic centers of Khalkha-Mongolia. It is reported that in the 30s of the XX century the monastery was closed, in 1944 it was taken under state protection, in 1947 it was transformed into a museum. According to field data obtained by the authors in 2022, it is one of the most actively visited tourist centers and continues to be one of the main factors in the preservation of the cultural heritage of the Mongolian people. 

The results of the evolution of the perception of US foreign policy genesis study in the historiography of pre-revolutionary Russia are presented. Relevance is determined by filling a gap in world scientific thought. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a review of the development of the topic in Russia before 1917 was compiled. Three findings were obtained as a result of the study. Firstly, it was established that V. N. Aleksandrenko, L. N. Demis, E. F. Zyablovsky, N. P. Ivanov, I. I. Ivanovsky, S. A. Kotlyarevsky were engaged in the study of the topic. These scientists were not bound by the framework of scientific schools; when considering the topic, they did not refer to each other. Secondly, bursts of interest in the topic are identified and characterized (early 1830s, 1850s—1870s, 1900s—1910s). Thirdly, a general assessment of the historiography of the topic development is given. For example, it is argued that the development of the topic in the pre-revolutionary period was characterized by a lack of new scientific results and a low intensity of academic interest (intervals between publications averaged 20—30 years). It is shown that the developments of pre-revolutionary historiography were not interrupted and were transferred to the historical science of the USSR.

The problem of the dependence of Russian railway transport on foreign supplies during the First World War is considered. For the first time, this issue is revealed through the prism of a public discussion, which was conducted on the pages of the Russian periodical press on the issues of American procurement for railways. Particular attention is paid to criticism of the current situation in the field of railway transport, the danger of dependence of the Russian industry on foreign powers (both hostile, neutral and allied) and the need for import substitution. New sources are introduced into scientific circulation (materials of the periodical press, transcripts of meetings of the State Duma), which make it possible to get a more complete picture of both the problems that have developed in the field of railway transport and their perception in Russian society. It is noted that despite the positive attitude of the press to the establishment of commercial and industrial relations with America, many publicists and politicians noted that the replacement of German capital and industrial goods with American ones posed no less danger for Russia in the future, which could only be avoided through the development of national production.

The problem of the process of reforming the guards of the Mongolian kaan, which began under the kaan Mongke, continued and ended under the kaan and emperor Kublai is examined in the paper. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of the Alanian military units in the system of the military-administrative organization of the Mongols in the course of this reform. The main material of the study was information from the official “History of the Yuan” and “The Secret History”. In addition, the study used information from the chronicles of Ata Malik Juvaini and Rashid ad-Din, information from the narrative of Guillaume de Rubruk, as well as information from the correspondence of the Alanian princes and Emperor Toghon Temur with Pope Benedict XII. As a result of the study, it was found that the process of reforming the guard took place in several stages, which fell on 1254, 1260, 1262, 1264, 1281 and 1291. It is concluded that over the years the order of recruitment of guards’ units has been changed from patrimonial-aristocratic to territorial. The consequence of this process was the transformation of the guards army of the Mongol kaan into the regular guards army of the Chinese emperor, governed by the order inherent in the Chinese power tradition. 

The article traces the dynamics of representations of the historical past of Yakutia in the publications of the monthly literary, artistic and socio-political magazine “Siberian Lights”. This issue is considered in the context of the processes of constructing the Soviet policy of memory throughout the entire period of the existence of the USSR. The relevance of the study is due to the increased attention to the specifics of historical knowledge presented in the public space, to its structures, interpretations and use for political and ideological purposes in the past and present. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that until now the history of journal representations of the past of Yakutia in the context of state policy has not become the subject of independent scientific research. The study made it possible to identify the contexts that determined the specifics of creating journal representations of the history of Yakutia. The author established and characterized five stages of this representation. It is shown how the meanings and techniques of the politics of memory that were behind the approaches to the description and characteristics of the past of Yakutia changed. It is proved that the differences between approaches to representations were determined by the tendencies of strengthening and weakening the political and ideological control of the state in the field of memory politics and nation building. 

The relevance of the work is due to the enduring theoretical and practical interest shown by Russian society in the historical period considered in the article. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the materials from the funds of one federal and two regional archives, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time are used in the article. It is emphasized that the period under study included a huge number of events that directly affected the state of the country’s agriculture, including husbandry. It is argued that by the beginning of the 20th century the Middle Urals already had a fairly developed livestock sector. Attention is focused on the fact that the husbandry sector of the region met the beginning of the study period with poor performance. The authors express their conviction that the personal subsidiary plot of citizens (PSP) played an important role in providing the population with livestock products throughout the study period. It is concluded that, despite all the vicissitudes and cataclysms, the average per capita consumption of the three most important husbandry products (meat, milk and eggs) among a significant part of the population of the region by the beginning of the 1970s had reached the level of scientifically based consumption norms. 

The socio-political situation of the Tambov village in the last months of the Antonov uprising and in the period after its completion is studied. The conflict, which had formed by 1920, was not resolved and took the form of an armed struggle, created the conditions for the development of “social banditry”. By the second half of 1921, the village “recognized” the strength of the Bolsheviks, but still longed for freedom from harsh tax policies, mobilizations, etc. In 1923 there was a progressive “appeasement” of the peasantry. The development of “social banditry” into “criminal banditry” begins. The number of crimes “against the Soviet Republic and the order of government” is declining, and property crimes are beginning to predominate. This was due to the improvement in the socio-economic situation of the peasantry after the 1922 harvest. Several tens of thousands of Antonovites and their families, because of the death of relatives, because of their stay in concentration camps, because of conflict relations in their villages with their neighbors, felt the consequences of the uprising for a long time. At the other extreme were the families of the Bolsheviks and Soviet workers killed by the rebels, who found themselves in a difficult economic situation. Representatives of the opposing sides were in decline, the apotheosis of which was the famine of 1922. For the restoration of the destabilized local society, progressive steps were required on the part of the authorities. 

The Agreement between the USSR and the USA on exchanges in the field of culture, technology, science and education, signed on January 27, 1958 in Washington DC by W. S. Lacy US Secretary of State Special Assistant for East-West Exchanges, and G. N. Zarubin, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the USA is considered. The question is raised about the role of this agreement in the Soviet- American science diplomacy of the late 1950s — early 1960s. Based on a review of the biographies of senior officials who participated on the American and Soviet sides in its conclusion and implementation, the personality factor in these scientific and diplomatic processes was investigated. It is proved that their high professionalism, pragmatism and the similarity of career paths had a positive impact both on reaching mutual understanding regarding the interstate agreement being concluded, and on giving the latter an extremely specific character. Particular attention is paid to the provisions of the Lacy—Zarubin agreement, which regulated the visits of scientists and researchers, as well as academic exchanges. To assess the effectiveness of the treaty implementation in this part, the Report of the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations dated August 20, 1959, prepared under the leadership of Senator J. Fulbright, was introduced as a source and analyzed in detail. It is noted that the clarity in determining the goals, means and ways to achieve them allowed the Lacy—Zarubin agreement to become a solid and resistant to juncture fluctuations in the conditions of the Cold War, the basis for scientific and technical cooperation between the USSR and the USA, which determined the vector of their development over the decade and a half that followed the signing of the document. 

The article is devoted to the historiography of the history of identity transformation during the Civil War in Russia. The purpose of the study id seen in the researchers’ coverage of self-determination of citizens during the spring — summer of 1919 based on the concept of historical memory and the concept of identity. The authors came to the conclusion that this period was a turning point in the Civil War, which was due to the success of the Red Army, the defeat of Kolchak in the Urals and a noticeable shift in public sentiment in favor of the Soviet government. As historians note, against the backdrop of militarization and the split of Russian society, the war intensified the processes of self-determination, becoming a means of achieving a relative identity of society, capable of ensuring victory for the side that has goals that are understandable and close to the population. It is noted that the image of the pre-revolutionary past, preserved in historical memory, played a decisive role in the self-identification of the population. It is noted that the image of the pre-revolutionary past, preserved in historical memory, played a decisive role in the self-identification of the population. Today, scientists, based on the study of human reflections, identification processes that accompany the transformational shifts that took place during the years of the Civil War in Russia, have made significant progress in studying revolutionary changes in society and their impact on the further development of the country. 

The relationship between representatives of the generations of the “revolutionary turning point” (born at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries) and “children of the revolution” (those whose childhood fell on the first post-revolutionary fifteen years) is analyzed. The role of the young “godless” of the 1920s in the evolution of the moral state of the peasant “fathers” is studied. The role of the young “godless” of the 1920s in the evolution of the moral state of the peasant “fathers” is studied. Attention is paid to the theoretical substantiation of the role of the pioneers in the formation of the “new man”, their practical efforts in this direction and the reaction of the peasantry. It is shown that the spiritual heritage, which, according to the rules of continuity of development, the generation of the “revolutionary turning point” was called upon to pass on to its successors, in real life was rejected by active representatives of the younger generation. The confrontation between young “godless” and adherents of traditional religions significantly influenced the strengthening of the intergenerational rift in the Russian village. An analysis of the experience of forming the foundations of the pioneer movement and identifying the causes of the exacerbation of intergenerational conflict in the Russian countryside (including children’s anti-religious activities) are of particular relevance in connection with the search for a model of education that meets the modern demands of the state and society. 

The features of the industrial development of the Siberian region at the end of the 17th — the first quarter of the 18th centuries are studied. The analysis of legislative and clerical, statistical sources, generalization and systematization of the results of research in the field of development of the Siberian handicraft and manufacturing production of the late 17th — first quarter of the 18th centuries made it possible to identify the degree of influence of Peter I’s reforms on this process. It is concluded that in the period under review, the main form of industrial production in Siberia was small-scale handicraft production, in many sectors of which progress was observed, due both to the improvement of the technological process and to the regulatory orders of Peter I of a national and regional nature. It is noted that in the complex of transformative undertakings, Peter I paid special attention to Siberia, although in some cases the regulatory provisions of the royal decrees regarding certain types of handicraft production did not give much effect in the region, as was the case, for example, with the decrees of 1715 on the prohibition of tanning leather without the use of blubber and the manufacture of narrow linen and hemp cloths. The most significant government decrees with a regional focus on crafts related to stone building and river shipbuilding. The authors of the article show that an important result of the reform activities of Peter I was the development of large-scale manufactory and factory production in Siberia. 

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the socio-cultural image of the Tatar rural settlements of the Tobolsk province population at the beginning of the 20th century. The dynamics of the population and the number of settlements for the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are traced (according to the lists of settlements in the Tobolsk province). The authors focus on the consideration of the socio-cultural infrastructure of the Tatar rural settlements. It is understood as a set of objects of the non-productive sphere (religious, educational institutions, healthcare facilities and communications). They reveal regional and ethnic features of the integration of the Tatar population into the all-Russian system in the period under review. The country has undergone reforms aimed at unifying the management system and actively integrating the national outskirts into national processes. There was an acceleration of migration processes. It caused a violation of the former isolation of the rural Tatar-Muslim communities. Settlers arriving in the region contributed to the active development of commodity-money relations. The educational and cultural needs of the Tatar population grew. All-Russian processes have caused the need to adapt to new realities, in connection with which there is a modernization within the confessional education system.