On the basis of the ideographic dictionary data, semantic relations within the framework of synonymic-antonymic complexes in the denotative-ideographic group “Sound Characteristics” in the modern Russian language are considered. The symmetry / asymmetry of these relations is shown. Specifics of conceptualization of the characteristics of the sound in the aspect of relations of opposites is revealed. The study was conducted in the framework of the project of Big Comprehensive Ideographic Dictionary of Synonymic and Antonymic Complexes under the direction of L. G. Babenko. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the antonymy in the field of sound is considered comprehensively, in interaction with synonymic connections, as well as in the aspect of lexicographic representation. The material of the study was seven synonymic and antonymic complexes: blagozvuchnyy - neblagozvuchnyy, vnyatnyy - nevnyatnyy, vysokiy - nizkiy, gromkiy - tikhiy, zvonkiy - glukhoy, pronzitelnyy - myagkiy, protyazhnyy - otryvistyy . The differences in the “fullness” of synonymic-antonymic oppositions and the ratio of synonyms and antonyms in them are noted. It is shown that an important parameter for the oppositions under consideration is the objective / subjective nature of the feature. The types of antonymy oppositions implemented in the field of sound are considered: contradictory oppositions name mutually exclusive characteristics of sound; contrary oppositions have gradable parameter in semantics, which causes the opposition; contrary nature of these oppositions is emphasized by the presence of derivatives of the verbal oppositions of vector type.

The features of verbalization of Bacchic stereotypes of the modern man on the example of the ironic detective by Daria Dontsova are considered. It is noted that the image of a drinking person is associated with certain stereotypes of appearance. The idea of the ideal / non-ideal man through verbal action to drink is revealed (in the first case, the potential-quality kind of aspect situation of repeated action, in the second - language usage kind). The author points to the programmability of the situation of drinking alcohol (there is a relatively new way of nominating such a program, similar to the conversive word formation of the English language - a composite consisting of several verbal predicates). As a result of the analysis of text fragments it is established that the assessment, in particular perceptual, is represented by visual, olfactory and other varieties and carries mainly negative connotations. The situation of wine drinking also appeals to the binary opposition light - darkness , and the state of alcoholic intoxication is associated with the last component in the pair and is interpreted as a clouding of mental abilities. It is shown that elements of medical discourse are also exploited in the artistic space of the text: the terminology of medicine ( alcoholism , alcoholic , psychology of an alcoholic , genetics ) is introduced, Bacchic situations and phenomena are creatively ironically nominated with the involvement of the vocabulary of naive medicine.

The linguistic tools used for the speech characteristics of the servants in Italian comedies of the 16^th century are examined. The question is raised about the nature of stylistic marking of speech of the representatives of the lower class, in particular, about which of the parameters of language variability - diaphasia or diastratia - are more often involved by comedians when creating their speech portrait. The novelty of the study is primarily due to the fact that the stylistic features of the speech of the characters of Italian comedies have not previously been considered from the standpoint of the theory of linguistic variability, linguistic pragmatics and historical sociolinguistics. The article proposes a classification of regionally and functionally-stylistically marked linguistic phenomena typical to the servants’ speech in comedies. It is concluded that the main contribution to the creation of the speech portrait of servants is made by the phenomena marked in the diaphasia - linguistic means, the pragmatic function of which prevails over denotative and / or structural. The research continues the cycle of the author’s works devoted to the Italian language of the 16^th century and the role of various parameters of language variability in the historical evolution of the Italian language norm.

The study was performed in line with the actual scientific areas of language conflictology and linguistic axiology. The article is devoted to the linguistic description of conflict situations in family communication by the material of the film “Inadequate people” (directed by Roman Karimov). The relevance of the study is due to the need to study communication in small social groups (in particular, in the family), as there is a high level of emotionality and intensity of communication, and it often becomes a conflictogenic factor. The text fragments representing speech conflicts between a teenager and adult relatives are analyzed. The markers of destructive communication and speech aggression in the communicative behaviour of adults (negatively charged language means and non-cooperative speech-behavioral tactics of condemnation, threat, coercion, etc.) and adolescents (high tone, insults, rude demand, disharmonizing strategy of discredit, tactics of “rudeness” and other). Special attention is paid to implicit speech aggression, which is embodied in irony, sarcasm, indirect issues. It is noted that using such techniques, the communicant expresses a negative or critical attitude towards the addressee. It is indicated that the intergenerational conflict is expressed in the deformation of interpersonal communication, in the failure of mechanisms of understanding between parents and children, in disagreements concerning moral and value orientations.

The semantic features of the nomination in the New Zealand prison jargon are considered on the example of the lexical-semantic group “prisoner.” The relevance of the work is due to the increased interest in the study of social variants of the language in general, and their linguistic features, in particular. Semantic analysis of the studied units assumes their description in two planes - semasiological and onomasiological. Within the framework of semasiology, the organizational structure of the group is analyzed, its synonymic series and sub-standard lexemes in their relation to literary equivalents. In the context of onomasiology the ways of nomination of lexemes are investigated. The principles of two opposite directions for complex semantic description of nominative features of language units are revealed and systematized. The combination of two approaches makes it possible to reflect the organization of the lexical-semantic group under study in the most complete way, taking into account its structure-forming components, and to reveal the mechanisms of naming. It is found that the feature typical to this group is excessive variability, which is functionally determined and manifests itself in the presence of synonymous series. It is noted that the centres of attraction are the objects or phenomena most important for a particular social group. The presented scheme of the analysis of the lexico-semantic group “prisoner” is applicable in the description of other similar paradigmatic groups of the language substandard.

The article presents contrastive linguo-culturological analysis of the unique Russian cultural concept NADEZHDA (HOPE) and the corresponding Chinese one. The purpose is to give complex description of content and structure features of verbal embodiment of the concept NADEZHDA in the aspect of Russian-Chinese language correlations. Design / methodology / approach include the following. The linguo-culturological approach is the base of the research methodology. The concrete method is the methodic of contrastive linguo-culturological analysis of conceptual content and language objectification of the concept. The material of the study is the data of basic Russian and Chinese dictionaries. Practical implications of the research are conditioned by possibility to use its results for teaching Russian as foreign language for Chinese graduate and post-graduate students. The results can be also used in the theory and practice of compiling the innovational dictionaries of concepts and linguo-cultural thesauri. Findings are that all the sense components of the Russian cultural concept the concept NADEZHDA are mainly presented in Chinese, but they are realized in different, diverged semantically and historically words. If the Russian concept NADEZHDA goes back to the idea of a stronghold, a support, the Chinese concept accents prospective semantics on the basis of spatial representations. Different cultural realities of Russian and Chinese worlds are expected to be reflected in language embodiment of compared concepts. Originality / value consists in that the analysis proves that the Russian concept NADEZHDA is connected with the other concepts VERA (FAITH) and SUD’BA (DESTINY) together with them expressing the key idea of the Russian language picture of the world about unpredictability of the universe, while the Chinese concept is corresponded with the idea of Middle Way and moderation, it is mainly oriented to the concept NORM.

The phenomenon of Irish poetry of the second half of the 20^th - 21^st centuries through the prism of the theory of dialogue of cultures is considered. It is noted that today in the domestic literary criticism there are only few works devoted to Irish poetry, especially its interaction with other literary traditions, so this aspect is estimated as one of the most promising areas of research. The article reveals the conditions and mechanisms for establishing cultural dialogue typical to modern Irish poets. In particular, the importance of translation not only as a method but also as a cultural metaphor is emphasized. The work of such authors as Seamus Heaney, Paula Meehan, Eavan Boland, Desmond O’Grady and others outstanding representatives of the Irish poetic tradition are involved. The author also highlights one of the key vectors of dialogue in the poetry of Ireland of the period under study - the dialogue with Russian literature, which is implemented in the works of Irish poets, including through their own translations. It is concluded that for many Irish poets the Russian literature acts as the “other,” allowing a better understanding of the surrounding reality and his- or herself. It is emphasized that the space of Russia and Russian literature becomes a part of the individual myth-making of Irish poets.

The author proposes to consider the revered loci of a particular area as a system, the elements of which are not isolated from each other, but demonstrate the relationship. The article hypothesizes that the connection between elements within the system of sacred loci of a certain territory is not only manifested at the level of the actional code of objects veneration, but is also expressed in the etiological texts explaining the special status of loci. The information fund of the officially recognized sacral center - a kind of system’s unique - demonstrates the connection with the information fund of sacral periphery - springs, the popularity of which does not go beyond one or two villages. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of texts with the plot motive “icon’s leaving.” The motive of a sacral object’s leaving allows to link the history of somebody’s own village with the history of a sacral center, to join the positive assessment of the well-known locus, its centuries-old history. This helps to improve the status of unpopular objects. The cultural landscape is seen as a system, not as a fragmented collection of elements. It is argued that without a painstaking analysis of an object’s status the adequate perception of folklore stories about it is impossible.

The genre specificity of oral histories about starvation of 1941-1945 is covered. The review of the main works on the history of study of oral history in the national folklore is made. Consideration of the oral history as a speech genre allowed to establish that taking into account the peculiarities of oral speech helps to understand some of its properties in a new way, which, in turn, allows to rethink the traditional folkloristic approach to its analysis. It is shown that certain types of oral histories have a dual genre nature - on the one hand, they are speech genres, and on the other - folklore. The analysis of oral histories about starvation of 1941-1945 in the context of other works of reliable stereotypical prose, including those about fighting on the fronts of the Great Patriotic war, the blockade experience, the stay in captivity, led to the conclusion that a group of oral histories about starvation of 1941-1945 can be identified as a type of speech genre memories. It is shown that at the same time it is possible to define such stories as a folklore phenomenon representing a kind of a genre of the oral story devoted to the narration about a person in an extreme life situation.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the images of “rulers” and “poets” in the artistic world of the works of Boris Alexandrovich Sadovskoy, a Russian literary figure of the first half of the 20^th century. It is noted that these images go through the entire writer’s fate of Sadovsky, representing himself in different genres of his work - poems, essays, novels and existing in them as a stable motivic complex. The novelty of the study lies in the actualization of the artistic meanings of the figurative dyad in a number of works of the writer (“Polezhaev,” “Bloody star,” “Kings and poets,” “Holy reaction,” “Wheat and tares”), showing, on the one hand, the conservatism of political and state beliefs of Sadovskoy, and on the other - his radically changing value orientations in the perception of the spiritual and aesthetic potential of the national classics. Stoic creative position of the writer, who was finally formed in the early 1920-ies, determined the mission of the Russian artist by his strict subordination to the “authority of the Church,” the only one that does not allow the transformation of art into temptation and preserving the spiritual integrity of the Russian state. In the light of this position the images of Russian poets of the first magnitude are presented as the carriers of “corrupting ideas”, that is considered in the article in the analysis of the last novel by Sadovsky “Wheat and tares.”

Extremely small texts presented in the format of “empty book” (or “blank book”) are considered. The authors of the article extend this concept to any book consisting of a title and blank pages as the main text. The relevance of the study is a significant increase in the popularity of the studied literary form, which is observed in the 2010s (primarily in the United States). It is noted that the concept of “empty book” should not be confused with the concept of “novel without words” (“wordless novel,” “novel in woodcuts”), as the latter case refers to the fiction genre, according to the laws of which the development of the plot is transmitted not by language, but by graphic means: with the help of illustrations. The review of “empty books” is made in the framework of the classification of extremely small texts proposed by A. Kondratov (according to which they are of two types: “null” and “void”). The authors come to the conclusion that all the texts are “empty,” that is, their non-verbal nature is the “equivalent of verbal signs.” It is emphasized that the American “empty books” can not be attributed to fiction, even with a large share of conditionality, because their titles are built on the model used in works of another kind - in those that are written at the junction of popular science and journalistic discourses.

Formation and features of development of ethnic entrepreneurship in the Sochi Black Sea region in the early 2000s are considered. The relevance is determined by the economic and ethnic interests of different groups of the population (indigenous people and migrants), the possibility of their violation and the risks of ethnic tension, as well as the desire of representatives of the authorities and the business community to form a recognizable brand of the region to increase tourist flows. The results of the pilot study based on the analysis of materials located on the Internet, as well as historiographical data obtained during the expedition trips are presented. A systematic approach is defined as a methodological basis. Ethnic entrepreneurship is considered as a model of integration of migrants into the social infrastructure of the host regions and a multi-level system of social (inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic) communications. It is shown that at the level of rural settlements (level 1), integrated into the urban agglomeration, the forms of ethnic entrepreneurship in the Sochi Black Sea region are not clearly traced. It is reported that widespread models of ethnic entrepreneurship are aimed at the development of recreational potential of the territory. The author identifies enterprises in the structure of large economic firms. These enterprises are tourist-oriented and can be considered as a “brand” both of their own structure and territory (level 2). The ethnic component is determined by the employment of migrants, for example, indigenous peoples of the North, Uzbeks. Difficulties in the development of such facilities among the indigenous inhabitants of Sochi (Armenians, Georgians) were identified.

Traditional wedding of an ethnic group of Dargins - kubachins, residents of Kubachi, the known village of the Republic of Dagestan is considered. The main stages of traditional wedding, which lasted from 3 to 7 days, are characterized. Attention is paid to the ethno-local features of the wedding ceremony, spectacular components. It is noted that the main actions of wedding take place in the house of a bride and groom. The description of the traditional dress of Kubachi bride is given, which consists of a brocade dress, head cover, embroidered with gold threads, silver jewelry and other elements of the festive clothing complex. The bride’s dowry consists of the original traditional copper utensils: large ( мучIал ) and small ( къуткъа ) aquifer jugs, ritual vessels ( нукьнус ). The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that in the scientific literature there is no description of the traditional wedding of Kubachi village. It is emphasized that scientists have repeatedly noted the locality of traditions in the economic life of the kubachins, in metalworking, women’s clothing, ritual culture, oral folk art, arts and crafts, but wedding traditions were concerned only partially. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of fixation and preservation of information about the unique customs and rituals of the peoples of Dagestan.

The role of women in the activities of socio-political associations of indigenous peoples of Yakutia in the late 20^th century is considered. It is pointed out that the relatively high position of women in traditional societies in the North predetermined their high role in social processes. Particular attention is paid to the conditions in which the Northern aborigines found themselves during the period of industrial development of the territories of their traditional residence. The author notes that the modernization of the socio-economic way of life of the peoples of the North with the intervention of the state is marked by negative trends towards the loss of their way of life and ethno-cultural heritage. Placed in an unequal position with the non-indigenous population, representatives of aboriginal ethnic groups were forced to adapt to changing living standards. At the same time, the greatest adaptability was demonstrated by women, whose commitment to education and higher social activity and mobility predetermined their predominant role in public life. This phenomenon became most noticeable at the end of the 20^th century, when the collapse of the Soviet political system made it possible to defend their rights through ethno-cultural movements and associations. The article was prepared by the order of the Union of women’s organizations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) within the project “Women of the North: Realization of Social Potential in Yakutia”.

The article is devoted to the history of the gold mining industry of Kuzbass in the late 19^th - early 20^th century. The purpose of this article is to establish the dynamics of gold mining in the Mariinsky and Kuznetsk taiga, as well as to identify the factors affecting the development of the gold industry in these areas. The results of studying the dynamics of gold mining is presented according to official published surveys in the province of Tomsk and Tomsk archival records of the Mining Department. It is shown that the private gold industry of Kuzbass in the late 19^th century had significant differences: in the Kuznetsk taiga there were big companies and firms, and in the Mariinsky taiga - small ones. It is emphasized that in the Kuznetsk uezd gold mining was 3-4 times higher than in the Mariinsky. It is concluded that over time the situation has changed dramatically: before the First World War the gold industry in Kuznetsk uezd had decreased several times, and in the Mariinsky uezd, on the contrary, had grown more than 2 times. It is proved that the growth of the gold industry in the Mariinsky taiga is associated with the use of new technologies (the use of drag) and the beginning of the development of ore deposits. In the Kuznetsk uezd drags were not used, and ore deposits were not found. The author notes that the development of the gold industry in the Mariinsky uezd was facilitated by the construction of the Siberian railway, which passed through Mariinsk.

Data on known Dagestan religious and political figure of the 19^th century - the Sufi Sheikh Abdurakhman-Haji as-Suguri - found in the Arabic collection of Sufi biographies “Khikaya va manaqib al-Mashaikh an-naqshbandiyina” by Sharafaddin al-Kikuni are considered. The authors of the article translated the fragments of the section of this work. On the example of the analysis of this information, an attempt is made to study the biography of a famous historical figure in the context of the narrative about the surreal events that took place in his life. In the course of work on the text, details are revealed that clarify previously known facts from the biography of a famous religious figure who played an important role in the spread of Sufism ideology in Dagestan. The authors raise the question of the expediency of using the revealed information in research works as a historical source. The textual, historical and philological analysis of the above-mentioned work by Sheikh Sharafaddin al-Kikuni is carried out. Attention is paid to the interpretation of the hagiographic components of the Sufi text, which are closely intertwined with well-known episodes from the biography of Abdurahman-Haji as-Suguri. The researchers conclude that the information about Sheikh as-Sughuri, given in the collection, deserve the attention of experts in various fields of humanitarian knowledge: philologists, historians, religious scholars, ethnographers, etc. Its consideration is important for the study of social, religious and cultural life of Dagestan society of the late 19^th - early 20^th centuries.

The article considers the family etiquette of Kumyks of 19^th - early 20^th centuries on the basis of existing scientific works devoted to the life of Caucasus peoples, and expedition material collected by the author of the article. Various aspects of intra-family etiquette relationships of Kumyks in the specified period are shown. Various etiquette situations, roles and statuses of each family member are recreated and analyzed in detail. The question is raised about the conditionality of the relations of supremacy and unquestioning subordination of one family member to another within the framework of etiquette and observance of mandatory norms of behaviour. The relevance of this study is due to the interest in the identity of family relations of different peoples against the background of globalization processes, often devaluing the role of the family. It is indicated that the culture of behaviour, in particular etiquette relations, are based on ethical norms that have been formed in society and in the family as part of it for centuries. This study examines the family relationships in Kumyks, which are regulated by certain etiquette rules. Particular attention is paid to family etiquette in various forms of the family - large (undivided) ( уллу агълю - in Kumyk language) and small (nuclear) ( бир уьй агълю - in Kumyk language) that existed in the study period in Kumyks.

The article is devoted to the subject insufficiently developed in the national historiography both in federal and regional aspects. The purpose of writing this work was to study monetary expenses of the most numerous groups of the population of the USSR - families of workers and technical workers (engineers) of industrial enterprises. It is declared that the level of expenditure is the determining factor in the standard of living of all categories of citizens. It is argued that today it is impossible to say that the family budgets of workers and engineers of industrial enterprises are well-developed by social scientists: historians, sociologists and economists. It is emphasized that the author of the proposed article has repeatedly appealed to the development of family budgets of industrial workers and engineers. It is stated that the documentary base of the article was primarily the materials of budget surveys of families of industrial workers and engineers, stored in the funds of the state archive of the Sverdlovsk region. It is proved that the housing conditions of engineer families were much better than of the families of workers and employees of industrial enterprises. It is stated that the cost of food in absolute terms remained almost the same in the surveyed families throughout the study period. It is concluded that the average per capita cash expenditure of engineer families was higher than that of workers’ families.

The history of the Later Han Empire (947-950) - the last Empire created by Shatuo, as well as the history of its continuation - the Northern Han Empire (951-979), which existed on the lands of the Shatuo in Shanxi is considered. It is reported that the Empire of Later Han recognized the dependence of the Khitan Liao Empire; the Northern Han Empire existed in the region of Taiyuan exclusively with the support of the Khitan, who protected it from the Later Zhou and Song, sequentially successive empires on the Central plain of China. The article shows that the Shatuo were a small part of the population of the Empire, being primarily the ruling elite of the Han state, and did not have significant support of the Chinese (Han) population. The study traces the political and military history of the Han Empire. The influence of the Khitan foreign and domestic policy on the military and political situation in the Later Han Empire is shown. The study revealed that for seven decades of power over the Shanxi region, the Shatuo failed to create an effective system of management of the region, resulting in a massive outflow of population, economic and demographic crisis; all this eventually led to the collapse of the last Empire of the Shatuo in China.

The question of the state of the Russian army in 1917 is considered. The complex and contradictory situation on the front line of the theatre of military operations in the conditions of preparation and carrying out offensive operation in the summer of 1917 is described. The presented range of sources illustrates insufficiently studied pages of the history of the Great war. The analysis of the sources allows to understand how the transformation of the consciousness of the soldier’s mass and revolutionary moods in the army took place. The process of evolution of views on the war, expressed in letters from the front to the rear, as well as in the materials of the Bolshevik newspaper “Okopnaya pravda” is shown. Based on the analysis of archival documents of the 6^th Finnish infantry division, which for the first time became the object of research, an objective picture of military everyday life on one of the important front sections on the eve of the final events of the First World War and the Great Russian revolution of 1917 is presented. The author draws attention to the personal relations between the command staff and the lower ranks in 1917. It is shown that in the conditions of the Great Russian revolution the consciousness of not only soldiers, but also the officer corps, revolutionizing under the influence of real events, as well as the propaganda work of radical parties, is transformed.

Amshen Armenians of the Black sea coast of the Caucasus ethnic entrepreneurship models are the object of study. The relevance of the development is determined by the need to study: a) the ethnic structure of the population of the South of Russia the formation of history and genesis; b) the system of interethnic communication at certain stages of historical development. The analysis of the phenomenon of ethnic entrepreneurship and its local manifestations is carried out on the basis of historiographical sources and field research materials. The author focuses on the problems of allocation of adaptive models of entrepreneurship, the Genesis of this phenomenon and the nature of its impact on the system of intra - and inter-ethnic communications. The problem of interrelation between entrepreneurial activity and preservation of traditional economic specialization and ethnic self-identification is touched upon. The intermediate results of the research reflect both universal and unique (ethnic, group) adaptive forms of ethnic entrepreneurship manifestations and its importance for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage.

On the basis of the analysis of scientific literature and complex of archival material, including those introduced by the author into scientific circulation for the first time, the author presents a pioneer in the domestic historiography attempt of scientific understanding of the history of research activities relating to various aspects of the life of the Yukaghirs of Yakutia in the period from the end of the fundamental Yukaghir complex expedition to the beginning of a new stage in the development of the domestic Yukaghir studies and Russian science in general. In this regard, the main research initiatives implemented in the specified chronological framework are identified and considered. Their personal structure, a technique of carrying out, geography and the main directions are shown. The analysis of the key propositions developed by the participants of these initiatives was carried out. It is established that an important place in the work of scientists during the period under review took the understanding of the materials obtained during the Yukaghir complex expedition, as well as the accumulation of new information, also in the course of research, which included fundamentally new areas of research for Yukaghir studies. It is noted that thanks to the work done, scientists were able to obtain data characterizing the ethnic history, genetic relations and development of the Yukaghir language, language and ethno-social processes taking place in their environment.

The article covers the process of implementation of the anti-alcohol campaign in the Minsk military district from the beginning of the First World War to the middle of 1916. The urgency of the issue is substantiated and the necessity of its solution is reasoned. The position of the population and local authorities on government documents prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages is presented. The attention is focused on the absoluteness and universality of the campaign: it was held in all provinces and counties of the Minsk military district; the participants of the event were ordinary people - alcohol consumers, owners of drinking establishments, local officials, public and medical organizations, supervisory authorities. Forms of resistance of the population to government measures are listed. Classification of types of punishments for their violation, up to expulsion out of province is made. It is claimed that since the middle of 1916 at all levels of the power attention to “drunk” question gradually began to weaken that is connected with change of an internal political situation in the country and approach of events of February, 1917. The facts of weakening control in this direction are given, which is confirmed by the conclusion of compromises between the regional authorities and the owners of drinking establishments. The article is written on the basis of the materials of the periodical press.

The features of daily life of prisoners of war during the First World War are studied. In her research the author uses a representative source base of both published and unpublished materials from the funds of the State Archive of Tobolsk. It is reported that one of the places of prisoners of war was the Omsk military district and the Tobolsk province that was part of it. Information is given that prisoners of war were in the territory of the region from 1914 to 1918. They were compactly arranged in almost all the provincial centres, and were dispersed in small villages. Features of extreme daily life in which displaced persons lived in Western Siberia during the First World War are revealed. The analysis of archival documents and periodicals that have preserved information about the daily life of foreigners in captivity is made. Features of placement and maintenance of prisoners of war in the region in the specified period are characterized. It is reported about the difficulties of the organizational plan on the poor living conditions of the displaced persons. In particular, the assessment of the organization of medical and sanitary-hygienic service of prisoners is given. It is emphasized that in the analyzed period the question of bringing prisoners of war to the fulfillment of labour duties was relevant.

The subject of the study is the fight against illiteracy in the RSFSR during the Khrushchev “Thaw.” Based on the analysis of scientific literature and archival documents, which are first introduced into scientific circulation, the process of completing the fight against illiteracy among the adult population of the Ulyanovsk region in the framework of the 1958 campaign is reconstructed. The object of the study is the methods, mechanisms and practices of regional authorities aimed at reducing the number of illiterate population of the Ulyanovsk region. According to the author, N. S. Khrushchev’s social policy, in particular the fight against illiteracy, is an integral part of the Soviet modernization project. The analysis of archival documents and research materials allowed to conclude that the campaign of 1958 on the literacy eradication had political and largely formal nature. It is reported that the district authorities transferred full responsibility for the implementation of the basic provisions of the special decree on the elimination of illiteracy among the population to the institute of education. It is emphasized that the authorities did not provide real assistance to schools. It is shown that, in turn, the teacher, seeing the lack of interest of the authorities, performed their functions in the field of education of illiterate population formally, in some cases, teachers made fictitious acts of completion of the educational process with illiterate population. It is proved that the party instances underestimated the real number of illiterate population.

The article is devoted to the development of STEAM-education design model, which is based on project training in the so-called “creative spaces.” “Creative spaces” are integration platforms for schoolchildren, students and postgraduates working in the format of joint work on projects initiated by various structures of society and business. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that among the skills necessary for successful professional activity in the era of the digital industry, according to experts, the ability to artistic creativity takes a special place. The analysis of the experience of various countries in the implementation of STEM and STEAM-education is made and effective ways of structuring technical disciplines, art and creative activity in a single integration program are identified. The article presents the results of experimental work on determining the level of formation of such competencies as the ability to manage projects and processes, system thinking, the ability to artistic creativity, the ability to work with teams, groups and individuals, the ability to work in a mode of high uncertainty and rapid change of conditions of tasks. It is shown that the use of “creative spaces” for the implementation of project activities of schoolchildren and students, the inclusion of the category “art” in its content allows students to form skills and competencies necessary for industry 4.0, that is, the proposed model can be considered as a universal tool for high-quality training of schoolchildren and students for professional activities in modern conditions.

The experience of the organization of the educational project “Network interaction - a new attribute of self-formed professional space of a teacher” is proposed. The project is implemented by the authors on the basis of “Krasnoselskaya school” (Arzamas district, Nizhni Novgorod region) in the framework of scientific and innovative activities of pedagogical university. The authors believe that the traditional education system can not fully ensure the success of new educational results within the traditional content of education. Attention is paid to the construction of the process of network interaction, which is in constant dynamic development, contributes to the achievement of a new quality of education through the creation of a virtual information educational environment based on online learning platforms. The work summarizes the results of the initial phase of project implementation. The diagnostic and thematic master class conducted by the authors proved the importance of the organized activity, which will allow: 1) to create conditions for social, cognitive and personal growth of teachers; 2) to master the network form of professional dialogue; 3) to present their teaching activities; 4) to create their own database of digital resources for self-construction of the lesson and extracurricular activities; 5) to master the basic services and technologies of the Internet for their systematic use in their educational activities.