This study analyzes the similarities and distinctive features of the German particles ‘halt’ and ‘eben’. It examines their combinatorial compatibility, functional roles, and syntactic usage. The relevance of this research is underscored by the need for further exploration of the potential use of the particles ‘halt’ and ‘eben’ in illocutionarily dependent subordinate clauses, as well as the types of modal meanings they convey. Through descriptive, transformational, comparative, and contextual analysis methods, it is demonstrated that ‘halt’ and ‘eben’ differ from other modal particles in that they indicate the factuality of a situation. A specific characteristic of the particle ‘halt’ is its ability to introduce additional emotive meanings into an utterance, making it prevalent in colloquial speech. It is noted that ‘eben’ serves as an indicator of inferential evidentiality. The analysis of the compatibility of these particles with modal words reveals that ‘halt’ and ‘eben’ are incompatible with markers of reportative evidentiality. Investigating various uses of ‘halt’ and ‘eben’ in subordinate clauses allows for the observation that their compatibility with illocutionarily dependent clauses can be attributed to their function in affirming the truth of a proposition.

This study explores the phenomenon of the dramaturgical nature of everyday discourse. The dramaturgical aspect of discourse is examined as a planned construct, generated through the efforts of interactional subjects. It is posited that in ordinary reality, linguistic individuals recognize the presence of scripted norms when they are violated. To analyze this phenomenon, genres that emphasize the form of expression were selected, including playful exchanges of insults, witty remarks, social conversation, and compliments. The illustrative material consists of instances of everyday discourse found in literary texts from the Russian National Corpus. The search was conducted using lexical units that denote actions, forms of action execution, and titles of the chosen genres: “courteously,” “socially,” “social conversation,” “joke,” and “to joke.” The overall corpus of linguistic material comprised 91 textual excerpts. A pragmatic-linguistic, discursive, and componential analysis was performed. It was revealed that the most frequent tactic in strategically constructing dramaturgical elements is the choice of tonality, as tonality sets interpretative frameworks. The analysis indicated that the emphasis on the form of expression, as an instance of linguistic creativity in implementing dramaturgical strategies, is accompanied by the conventionalization of communicative moves, which acquire symbolic functions.

This paper addresses the issue of insufficient integration of human spatial exploration motor skills in the study of geographical names. A constructivist approach to the formation of toponymy as a cognitive domain for navigation is advocated. The illustrative material consists of names from all types of topographical objects across six historical and ethnographic zones of Belarus. It is demonstrated that the declarative nature of attention to toponyms with spatial semantics, along with the complexity of defining the meanings of geographical names, stems from an underestimation of the subject’s movement within significant spaces. The fundamental role of grammar in elucidating the meanings of toponymy and their interconnectedness within the cognitive domain is highlighted. The author emphasizes the adaptive role of consciousness in navigation, its orientation towards transcending local figure-ground relationships of objects, and constructing a spatial semantic network. It is asserted that the constitutive factor in forming an everyday toposystem is the positioning of objects relative to reference points in space that are significant for local residents, rather than isolated, narrowly localized situations involving pairs of locally connected realities. The paper presents the specifics of implementing systems of spatial reference in toponymy, identifying reference points within the toposystem and units of a foundational model for navigation, while also demonstrating the role of analogy in transferring the structure of units to names that convey non-spatial meanings.

This article is dedicated to the paleographic description of Siberian documents from the 17th century that exist only in copies transcribed from original texts during the Second Kamchatka Expedition (1733–1743). It clarifies that the textual copies were created according to the graphic conventions of Russian cursive writing from the 18th century. The study highlights that function words are written as a single unit, while spaces are maintained between other linguistic units. It is reported that the letter-based dating method has been replaced by a numerical one. The analysis reveals that the handwriting features of both scribes bear resemblance to the characteristics of Kyiv cursive, which further developed in 18thcentury Russia. It is established that the use of extended letters in both copies has been significantly reduced. The findings demonstrate a diverse array of non-alphabetic diacritical marks actively employed, typically positioned above consonants that were subject to extension in business correspondence of the 16th and 17th centuries. It is proven that the scribes accurately convey variant spellings reflecting the phonetic nuances of 17th-century writers, reproducing their errors. However, it is emphasized that certain word forms recorded raise doubts about their accurate reproduction, reminding us that any manuscript copy is not free from mistakes.

This article is dedicated to the description of the structure and principles of functioning of a dynamic model of orality. Within the framework of the model, spoken language is regarded as a dynamic process. The model facilitates the identification of structural, linguistic, prosodic, and other changes that account for the uniqueness and individuality of natural communicative processes or preprepared oral manifested texts. The relevance of this research is underscored by the growing interest in the analysis of spoken discourse. The novelty of this work lies in its potential to provide a schematic representation of the communication process or oral manifested text by identifying unique characteristics (manifested solely in this auditory presentation) that reflect moments of dynamic enhancement or attenuation. The model described contrasts with static classifications of orality used to identify general stylistic, linguistic, communicative, and other features. The aim of the study is to present a dynamic model of orality: to describe its structure, operational principles, and areas of application. The model is represented as a rectangular coordinate system with axes of spontaneity and formality. Its operational principle is based on revealing the dynamics generated by the variability of verbal means employed and changes in the communicative context. Practical applications of the model are envisioned within the analysis of spoken discourse in comparative studies.

This paper presents an analysis of the punctuational minus device within the context of parody. The study examines emotive punctuation marks (exclamation points, mid-sentence and terminal ellipses, question marks) in A. P. Chekhov’s short story “The Lady with the Dog” (1899) and its ‘parodic reinterpretation’ (I. P. Koleva) by M. M. Zoshchenko’s “The Lady with the Flowers” (1929). The relevance of this research lies in the fact that the emotive-deictic function of punctuation marks has not been described at the intertextual level, and methods of parodying punctuation (with the exception of hyperbolic reproduction) remain unestablished. It is demonstrated that the punctuational minus device consists of the absence of necessary punctuation marks as well as the use of less suitable punctuation marks for fulfilling specific functions. The study reveals that when realizing the emotive-deictic function in an intertext of a parodic type, the punctuational minus device manifests itself in a highly limited and less diverse usage of emotive punctuation marks. A comparative analysis of A. P. Chekhov’s and M. M. Zoshchenko’s short stories leads to the conclusion that the parodic punctuational minus device contributes to the creation of an almost emotionless narrative.

The relevance of the work is due to the insufficient degree of study of the transition zone between nouns and adverbs formed by the mechanism of stepwise adverbialization of substantive word forms. The purpose of the study is to show the stages, features and limit of stepwise transposition of nouns into quantitative adverbs using the example of prepositionless forms of the nominative / accusative case of nouns. It is shown that such substantive word forms as ‘horror’, ‘fear’, ‘zhut’, ‘passion’, ‘death’ are transposed stepwise into the subclass of adverbs of measure and degree in different types of contexts. The article substantiates the idea that the degree of their convergence with quantitative adverbs is associated with different stages of proper grammatical (functional) and functional-semantic adverbialization. It is noted that the word form ‘chudo’ is capable of reaching only the stage of peripheral adverbials functioning in the semantic zone of the original substantive lexemes during functional adverbialization. The syntagmatic determinacy of its adverbial use by the obligatory combination with hybrid formations of the type ‘kak’, ‘kakoy’, ‘chto za’ and some others is revealed. The possibility of a dual categorical interpretation of the formation ‘chudo’ explicating the hybridity zone on the transitivity scale in typical contexts is demonstrated.

The authors of vandalistic alterations to urban environments aim to make their works noticeable to the maximum number of observers in order to draw attention to their statements. However, from the perspective of the “inadvertent observer,” the visibility of unauthorized graffiti as elements of the urban landscape and their cognitive impact are not immediately evident. The objective of this study is to examine the perception of graffiti in the form of images and vandalized texts, focusing on their recognition and memorization by “inadvertent observers” in natural urban settings during a walking route. Participants in the field experiment (29 individuals aged 14 to 59) were asked to walk along a pedestrian route in the city center of Yekaterinburg. The direction of participants’ gaze was tracked using mobile eyetracking glasses. After completing the route, respondents selected unauthorized graffiti (both images and texts) encountered along the way from a set of alternatives presented in a questionnaire. It was found that unauthorized graffiti encountered along the route were most frequently recognized by participants aged 18 to 29, with no significant differences in recognition based on gender. A preference for recognizing images over texts was identified. Familiar and comprehensible graffiti, as well as those addressing atypical (particularly religious) themes, were recognized more readily. Cognitive errors (e.g., memory attribution errors) were linked to the widespread presence of typical graffiti in urban environments.

This study provides a comprehensive description of the expression ‘white coat,’ along with a linguistic framework that has developed around this idiom. A total of 312 instances of the expression ‘white coat’ were collected through a systematic sampling from online sources, forming the author’s database of examples. Methodologies employed include contextual analysis, semantic-motivational analysis, definitional modeling, and discourse analysis. The author concludes that the idiom ‘white coat’ has formed within Russian linguistic culture unde the influence of several factors: speech practices within comedic (anecdotal) discourse, an internet meme featuring Valeria Novodvorskaya holding a placard (even if one assumes its fake nature), and the systemic linguistic potentials of color designation. It is asserted that the expression ‘white coat’ signifies one of the communicative roles predominantly realized in virtual communication, though not exclusively so. The study demonstrates that the structural-semantic appearance of the expression is variable, along with its grammatical characteristics, for example: ‘[someone] in a white coat’, ‘[someone] without a white coat’, ‘take off the white coat’, etc. (in these instances, the nominal component ‘white coat’ does not denote a person; this represents the initial stage of the expression’s functioning, closely related to the original discursive complex ‘I stand in a white coat’). Furthermore, it is shown that in network discourse, a transformation occurs into an evaluative nomination of a person as ‘the white coat’ (‘I was such a white coat’).

The article is dedicated to the study of the symbolism of the images of the Moon and the Month in the works of the Chinese poet Li Bo and the Russian poet Sergey Yesenin, as well as to defining the cultural and aesthetic significance of these concepts in the individual-authorial perception of both poets. The authors of the article argue that in Yesenin’s poetry, the image of the Month is created based on a synthesis of folk traditions and Christian beliefs, with the Moon and the Month serving as symbols associated with events from the past, nostalgia, and a sense of the irreversibility of time, as well as harbingers of the poet’s impending demise. It is demonstrated that in Li Bo’s poetry, the Moon symbolizes various phenomena of human life: noble character, life ideals, longing for relatives and friends, as well as the historical and political peculiarities of the country. The article shows that in the works of both poets, the images of the Moon and the Month are connected to the theme of their native land, the motif of solitude, appreciation of female beauty, and engagement with “eternal” questions of existence. Through comparative analysis, the article reveals the distinctive influences of cultural and historical factors on the interpretation of the images of the Moon and the Month in the poetry of Li Bo and Yesenin. This article contributes to understanding the symbolic language and metaphorical interpretation of images in the works of Chinese and Russian poets, as well as the cultural and philosophical traditions that shaped their worldview.

This article explores the semantics of food taboos within the language and culture of the Even people. The novelty of this research lies in its pioneering examination of food taboos within the system of minor genres of Even folklore, identifying their place and role in the ritual and spiritual culture of the ethnic group. The study introduces materials on food taboos collected during field research into academic discourse. The relevance of this research is underscored by the fact that the significance of taboos in society and traditional culture remains insufficiently explored. Taboos are viewed as an essential part of folklore, customs, and traditions, serving as exemplars of folk culture that underpin popular pedagogy and reflect the moral values and spirituality of the people. The article presents definitions of non-equivalent lexemes characteristic of the language used in the genre of protective prohibitions. It is demonstrated that most food taboos consist of two components: the first part contains a command prohibiting an action, while the second provides an explanation for this prohibition. A classification of food taboos is proposed, organized into eight thematic groups that characterize various aspects of the food code in Even culture. It is emphasized that, according to traditional folk culture, the foundation of this code lies in the fundamental principles of harmonious coexistence between humans and their surrounding environment.

This article explores the Latin “frame of text” within one of the key poetic collections by Vyacheslav Ivanov, titled “Cor Ardens.” It examines the semantics and symbolism of the Latin elements present in the title complex, which encompasses titles at various hierarchical levels of the publication: the collection as a macro-cycle, the sections or books it contains, cycles, and individual poems. The analysis draws on elements of the text’s frame, including titles, subtitles, epigraphs, and dedications. The significance of the Latin code within this frame is highlighted, particularly given that the proportion of quotations and statements in Latin within these framing elements far exceeds other cultural, linguistic, and historical references. It is demonstrated that the Latin code is interpreted through both ancient and Christian lenses, constructing a meta-narrative for the collection that traverses from the profound experience of loss to a mystical communion with the spirit of the deceased and the acceptance of inevitability. The novelty of this research lies in addressing the text’s frame in “Cor Ardens,” a topic that has not been reflected upon in domestic scholarship and is not linked to Vyacheslav Ivanov’s cultural and scientific activities. A classification of the functions of the “Latin code” is proposed, including meaning-making, symbolic, intertextual, axiological, among others

This article explores the poetic cosmology of M. V. Lomonosov and G. R. Derzhavin, focusing on the visualization of verbal artistic imagery within their cosmological poetry. The evolution of principles governing the creation of cosmic space in the philosophical poetry of the late 18th century is traced. By correlating empirical and scientific worldviews with the foundations of Christian belief, it is demonstrated that while both poets share a common understanding of the universe as a divine creation, their approaches to divine contemplation as an intellectual engagement with each element of the galaxy reveal distinct differences in their poetic cosmology. It is asserted that Lomonosov’s “Morning Reflections on the Majesty of God” stands as an exemplary synthesis of scientific and empirical knowledge, where his observational experiences regarding celestial movements provide an impetus for a nuanced interplay between symbolic and rational perspectives on the universe's space. An analysis of Derzhavin’s poem “Morning” illustrates how he advances the astronomical theme in Russian poetry by aestheticizing the cosmos, introducing vivid color and light details into his cosmogony. The innovative character of Derzhavin’s artistic cosmology, in contrast to Lomonosov’s physico-theological poetry, is identified as a result of expanding the depiction of cosmic space through a focus on the intricacies of earthly existence and its glorification.

This article is dedicated to the reception of Franz Kafka’s novella “The Metamorphosis” within Russian intellectual discourse. The aim of this article is to analyze various interpretative perspectives regarding the presence of wings in the transformed Gregor Samsa. The analysis juxtaposes different readings of the novella, highlighting the perspectives of Russian translator G. Notkin, critic V. Belonozhko, and Russian-speaking playwright Z. Sagalov, author of the play “Don’t Trust Mr. Kafka.” It is revealed that the question of Gregor’s wings presents contrasting resolutions in scholarly and translational hermeneutics on one hand, and artistic interpretations on the other. The issue of whether transformed Gregor possesses wings was raised by V. Nabokov, and in the scholarly and translational tradition that challenges Nabokov’s interpretation, Gregor’s metamorphosis into a winged insect is rejected. Conversely, artistic hermeneutics portray Gregor as a winged creature. The relevance of this interpretation is substantiated by referencing Kafka's unfinished novel “Wedding Preparations in the Village,” which contains an image of transformation into an insect with wings. The comparative analysis and observations presented by the author form the basis for an original interpretation of the novella, supported by an examination of its narrative specifics and a discussion of English translation practices regarding the lexeme denoting the insect into which Gregor transformed.

This article analyzes the distinctive features of the transformation of the plot concerning Odysseus’s return to Ithaca in Stefan Schütz’s play “Odysseus’ Heimkehr” (1972). The relevance of this study is underscored by the strategies of representation of modernity presented in the play, which are intricately linked to the reception of ancient heritage. Employing a cultural-historical method, along with receptive and mythopoetic approaches to textual analysis, the study concludes that all mythological characters in the play undergo a process of re-evaluation: the figures of Telemachus and Penelope are travestied and deheroized, while Odysseus himself is stripped of his heroic stature. The issue of identity, as it pertains to the character of Odysseus, is interpreted as one of the central themes of the play. Its exploration is structurally realized at the compositional level through the motif of recognition. Schütz’s artistic engagement with myth is assessed as being in line with the main tendencies in the reception of Antiquity within GDR dramaturgy. The play is demonstrated to possess a pronounced socio-critical orientation, reflecting on the consequences of totalitarian regimes and the mechanisms of ideological formation. This thematic exploration is embodied in the text of the drama through the metaphor of illness as a tool for controlling public consciousness.

This article analyzes the genesis and evolution of literary conflict from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Employing historical-philosophical and literary critical methods, the authors investigate the theoretical underpinnings of conflict, its structural features, and its transformations across different eras. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of the approaches of ancient philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato, and the interpretations of conflict in medieval literature, where internal moral and spiritual contradictions predominate. The findings reveal that the development of conflict reflects shifts in societal cultural and philosophical values, leading to reinterpretations of both external and internal aspects of literary works. The study concludes that literary conflict is a dynamic and multifaceted phenomenon crucial for deep textual interpretation. Analysis of classical and medieval texts reveals specific mechanisms of conflict formation, while a comparative approach facilitates a nuanced understanding of evolutionary processes within literary discourse. The historical development of literary conflict, therefore, mirrors changing philosophical and cultural values, imbuing conflict with new meaning and form in each historical period.

The relevance of this study is underscored by the scholarly significance of the issue of Russian-Scandinavian connections, particularly at the turn of the 19th to 20th centuries. This article examines the early works of one of the most prominent figures of Russian symbolism, Andrei Bely, within the context of the cultural dialogue between Russia and Scandinavia. Utilizing recently introduced autobiographical material, which is crucial for a comprehensive analysis of Bely’s writings, the research provides a concise overview of approaches to symphonies, with a focus on the “Northern Symphony (First Heroic).” Through an exploration of Bely’s autobiographical and epistolary heritage, the study identifies his reception of the music of Edvard Grieg and the dramas of Henrik Ibsen, analyzing images inspired by themes of the North, Scandinavian folklore, and mythology. The motifs of the “Northern Symphony (First Heroic)” — such as Eternity, Dawn, and Timelessness — are delineated. The findings suggest that the artistic space of the “Northern Symphony” is presented as a “space of consciousness” for the narrator. The research reveals characteristics such as Bely’s orientation towards the structure of musical composition, expressive techniques, and the incorporation of rhythm into prose. It is argued that these elements later manifest in Bely’s subsequent works (“Petersburg,” 1913; “Moscow,” 1924- 1932).

This article explores the unique characteristics of the formation of new cities in Trans-Baikal during the 1950s to the 1980s. Based on documentary and narrative sources, three distinct groups of new urban settlements in the region are identified: transport, resource-based, and young cities. The main stages of their emergence and development are examined, alongside an analysis of their economic structures. The authors argue that the primary factors driving the formation of new cities in TransBaikal were industry and transportation. It is emphasized that the designation of urban status for these settlements depended on the strategic significance of industrial facilities and prospects for economic development. The study concludes that transport cities developed a mixed economic sector, which helped mitigate the crisis during the transition to a market economy. In contrast, mining centers exhibited a mono-profile economic structure focused on meeting sectoral interests. It is demonstrated that most new resource-based cities in Trans-Baikal faced stagnation and crisis at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. Notably, young cities, due to their later establishment and unique demographic characteristics, retained a high potential for diversifying their mono-profile economies.

This article examines the history of one of Russia’s largest cement companies, the Joint-Stock Company of United Portland Cement Plants “Zhelezo-Cement” and “Volsky D. B. Zeyfert”, focusing on its establishment and operations. The research aims to determine the level of institutional (formal and informal) alignment among stakeholders and its impact on the company’s production, financial, and managerial performance on the eve of and during World War I. The study analyzes the extent to which the company’s economic performance reflected its managerial and financial development strategies. It explores the mechanisms employed to reconcile the preferences of various stakeholders (shareholders, board members, creditors, business partners) in shaping the development of the plants in St. Petersburg and Volsk. Nikolai Kozlovsky’s individual contributions to the management of cement production are assessed in terms of his capacity to influence the efficiency of interregional business operations within a context of evolving individual and group interests within the joint-stock company. The article concludes that innovative changes in the company’s operations were largely a result of Kozlovsky’s long-term leadership.

This article presents an analysis of early 20th-century projects aimed at constructing a railway and establishing transportation routes connecting Yakutia to the Siberian railway network. The historical sources for this research include documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics and articles published in periodicals in 1912 and 1925. The study reveals that the first railway project predominantly planned to traverse Yakutia was proposed by French national Loïc de Lobel, who envisioned the Trans-Alaska-Siberia route between 1902 and 1907. It is emphasized that, following a series of government discussions, de Lobel’s proposal was ultimately rejected due to concerns about the undesirable exploitation of the region’s natural and mineral resources by foreign capital. The findings indicate that de Lobel’s project served as a catalyst for initiating the development of transportation projects intended to connect Yakutia with the Siberian railway. Overall, the public announcement and discussion of transportation construction projects in the early 20th century played a positive role in the economic development of Russia’s peripheral regions.

This study investigates public opinion in the Russian Empire during World War I regarding the import dependency of the nation’s water transport and shipbuilding sectors, as well as strategies for achieving technological sovereignty. The research examines the underlying causes that led to Russia’s reliance on foreign procurement and the price competitiveness challenges faced by vessels constructed at domestic shipyards. It analyzes publications from leading specialized periodicals of the era, highlighting key positions and opinions expressed in the press by representatives of Russian society. For the first time, this study introduces a range of journalistic texts from Russian engineers, inventors, and sailors addressing these issues into scholarly discourse. It is noted that despite differing approaches, participants in the public debate converged on key issues. Beyond mere criticism, they formulated a comprehensive modernization program for domestic shipbuilding. The relevance of this research is underscored not only by its focus on topics previously overlooked in historical scholarship but also by the contemporary state of Russian industry, which, under sanctions, faces similar challenges. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of the import dependency of Russian water transport and shipbuilding through the lens of public discourse.

This study investigates the adoption of Maxim automatic guns by the Russian Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It explores the close relationship between this topic and the development of naval artillery in Russia, as well as the dynamics of the domestic military-industrial complex and the functioning of the Ministry of the Navy of the Russian Empire during the period in question. The relevance of this research is underscored by the limited scholarship on the subject and its significance for analyzing historical experiences in weapon development. An analysis of archival sources is conducted, with many documents being introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. The author concludes that the Russian military industry of that era was ill-prepared for the production of automatic guns. It is reported that the Ministry of the Navy deemed it unnecessary to allocate substantial financial resources for organizing their production through foreign companies. The study reveals that the ministry opted for a compromise solution, acquiring a limited number of new weapons with the intention of subsequently establishing production capabilities within domestic enterprises. Ultimately, it is established that Maxim automatic guns were never adopted by the Russian army and navy, both of which were in dire need of such weaponry during World War I.

This article explores the evolution of the views held by Viktor Chernov, a leader and theorist of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, regarding the role of Marxism in the development of the socialist movement in Russia from the late 19th century to the early third of the 20th century. The study reveals Chernov’s relationship with the ideological and theoretical legacy of Marxism, offering a fresh perspective on its achievements and shortcomings. The sources include both published and unpublished works of the theorist of the Socialist Revolutionary movement. The authors conclude that Chernov’s views on the role and significance of Marxism in the history of socio-political thought and activism were not static. It is demonstrated that, in the context of polemics with Russian Social Democrats prior to World War I, Chernov focused on the philosophical and sociological constructs of Marxism, while also initiating discussions on agrarian issues. Notably, during World War I, he critically assessed Marxism’s stance on national relations. Furthermore, it is revealed that in the 1930s, he linked the rise of National Socialists in Germany and the consolidation of Stalin’s regime in the USSR to the errors and miscalculations of Marxism. The novelty of this research lies in its contribution to a deeper understanding of Viktor Chernov’s evolving perspectives on the role of Marxism in the history of the socialist movement.

This article examines the process of forming the German scientific diaspora abroad following the rise of the Nazis to power in 1933. It analyzes the factors leading to the large-scale emigration of scientific personnel from Germany, particularly focusing on the enactment of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service on April 7, 1933. The study highlights a unique historical precedent in the establishment of a mutual assistance organization for scientists who were forced into exile — the Emergency Association of German Scientists Abroad. Emphasis is placed on the significance of personal initiative by prominent pathologist Philipp Schwartz and his close associates in founding this organization. The mechanisms and characteristics of its operations, key geographical areas of activity, and international connections are explored. Materials from a special archival collection of the British Society for the Protection of Science and Learning are analyzed. An assessment of the association’s effectiveness over its thirteen-year existence — from 1933 to 1946 — is conducted. The findings indicate that the organization founded by Philipp Schwartz played a crucial role in the institutionalization of the German scientific diaspora during this period, aiding nearly 1,800 scholars in escaping persecution by the Nazi regime. The legacy of the association is noted not only as a historical episode but also as a model of successful “scientific diasporic construction” under extreme conditions.

This study investigates the social conditions and expectations of the population in Tyumen during the late 1970s to early 1980s. It explores potential solutions to the housing shortage faced by the city. The novelty of this research lies in its use of legislative materials, administrative records, statistics, personal recollections, periodicals, and documents sourced from the State Archive of Tyumen Region, which reveal trends in the improvement of living conditions for a significant number of Tyumen residents during this period. The article analyzes the socially-oriented nature of the “mass housing construction” policy, highlighting both the successes and challenges encountered in its implementation. Evaluations of housing quality provided by commissions and new residents are presented. The study also examines the factors that hindered the achievement of set objectives. The authors conclude that panel construction alleviated the severity of the “housing question,” yet failed to resolve it entirely, as the number of apartments built did not meet the growing demands of the population. By the early 1980s, the pace of construction had slowed, indicating “stagnation” within the economy and the need for program adjustments, which ultimately did not occur. It is emphasized that the “housing question” remains a socially significant issue, and attempts to address it during the Soviet era warrant further investigation to draw lessons from the past.

This article provides a comprehensive characterization of the settlement network of the Siberian Tatars in the Sargatsky District of the Tar region, focusing on the lower reaches of the Ishim River and upstream along the Irtysh River during the 18th century. The research draws upon a variety of sources, including published written documents from the turn of the 17th to 18th centuries, archival records, lists of populated areas, demographic studies, scholarly works, and field ethnographic and archaeological materials. The study addresses key aspects of the history of these settlements, including their locations, population sizes, ethnic compositions, and types of settlements. The findings indicate that the territory inhabited by this group of Siberian Tatars can be divided into three sub-regions: (1) The area near the mouth of the Ishim River, which housed the central settlement of the group, was permanent and fortified. Following the construction of the Ishim fort by the Russian state, the Tatars continued to reside nearby. The concentration of summer settlements in this area was high due to favorable landscapes for pastoralism and fishing. (2) The lower reaches of the Ishim River initially served as lands for the Tatars of the Ishim fort and their seasonal encampments. Permanent settlements began to emerge here between 1701 and 1763. (3) Upstream along the Irtysh River from the Ishim fort were also some of the oldest settlements of this group, known since the early 17th to early 18th centuries. It is reported that during the first third of the 18th century, most of these settlements had seasonal encampments. The authors assert that the settlement network in this area was established by the end of the 18th century.

This article focuses on the preparation and execution of events commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Senate Square Uprising. To provide a detailed examination of the topic, the research is confined to the geographical boundaries of Western Siberia. The relevance of this study is underscored not only by the enduring interest in Russian history but also by the upcoming 200th anniversary of the Decembrist uprising in 2025. The article primarily highlights the contributions of archival and museum staff in uncovering unique information about the lives and activities of exiles in Siberia. By engaging a wide array of sources, it identifies the main forms of commemoration activities, including thematic exhibitions, lectures, and reports, as well as efforts to locate burial sites of Decembrists, among others. The organization of anniversary celebrations in educational institutions across Siberia is characterized in detail. Unique aspects of the celebrations for significant anniversaries within the month are revealed, such as the 20th anniversary of the December Uprising in Moscow and the centenary of the Senate Square Uprising. It is noted that the preparatory activities sparked considerable interest in Decembrist history. The article reports that these events have facilitated a number of scholarly studies based on previously unpublished materials, while also highlighting the pressing issue of preserving and memorializing historical sites associated with the lives of exiles.