The project of “School spelling dictionary of the Yakut language” for secondary school students is considered. The relevance of the study is linked with the approval in 2015 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of new spelling and punctuation rules of the Yakut language, which in turn is determined by the decrease in the prestige of literacy in the eyes of young speakers of the Yakut language. It is noted that in the same year, taking into account the innovations, “Spelling dictionary of the Yakut language” was reissued, on the basis of which the school version of the spelling dictionary is developed. It is indicated that the need for the introduction of the latter is due to the school tasks of studying spelling, a large spelling dictionary being beyond them. The author substantiates the necessity of compiling a dictionary focused on the student, describes its concept and objectives, features of content and structure. The features of inclusion in the school dictionary of various lexical units, including obsolete words, dialect words, some terms, homonyms, proper names, are shown. The author demonstrates the system of marks accepted in the dictionary and the conditions for inclusion of a meaning in the dictionary entry. It is noted that the words borrowed from the Russian language are represented in the new dictionary phonetically, differently than it was accepted by tradition in the Soviet period.

The article covers the problems of translation of sentences with coordinative conjunctions into Korean. The object of the analysis is sentences with basic coordinative conjunctions i ‘and,’ a , no ‘but,’ ili ‘or.’ The novelty of the work lies in the fact that semantic-syntactic and communicative-pragmatic features of situations in the context of which the use of these unions occurs are taken as the starting point of translation, on the basis of which equivalent lexical and grammatical means of the Korean language are selected. The work is carried out on the material of artificially compiled examples, and the results are illustrated by facts from the natural language. This approach is determined by the need to combine educational-methodological and scientific-practical approaches in the consideration of this little-studied problem. It is established that the expression of coordinative relations in the Korean language, on the one hand, is closely related to the grammatical structure of sentences-statements, but to some extent is based on the context by which the speaker and listener concretize a communicative vector given by the grammar. On the other hand, in the Russian language, the means of coordinative relations are more specific in their specialization, but due to the high degree of abstraction of their semantics, they require a proper level of interpretation and understanding from the translator.

The article is devoted to the emergence and development of bilingualism and multilingualism in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The questions of appearance and settlement of representatives of Slavic, Finno-Ugric, Turkic and other ethnic groups with their own languages and culture in the territory of modern Bashkortostan are considered. Special attention is paid to the three most numerous groups of the population of the Republic: Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars. The story of the appearance of Mari, Udmurts, Mordvins and representatives of other peoples in the Bashkir territories is told. The author also focuses on the current language situation and on the legislative protection of the rights of national minorities and their languages in Bashkortostan. The relevance of the article is determined by the attention of the Russian and world community to the situation of national languages and the problem of their preservation. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the emergence of bilingualism and multilingualism in Bashkortostan is associated with the moment of Bashkir lands settlement the by the non-Bashkir population. It is indicated that, settling compactly or dispersed, it was adjacent to representatives of foreign-speaking ethnic groups, which led to interethnic communication. These circumstances explain the emergence of different types of bilingualism - national-Russian, national-national and (less often) Russian-national, and some types of trilingualism in Bashkortostan.

The article deals with the genre of advertising on the example of hunting texts extracted from specialized magazines of the second half of the 19^th century. Such texts act as a source of interpretation of the hunting subculture in the national picture of the world. The analysis is carried out on the basis of integration of historical-journalistic and linguistic-genre approaches. An attempt is made to trace the evolution of the advertisement genre in the history of the Russian language, as a result of which the advertisement is qualified as a “secondary speech genre.” A communicatively significant characteristic of the genre under consideration is proposed, which contains information about the main genre-forming parameters: intentions, addressee, addresser, structural features. The non-standard and heterogeneity of structural organization of the texts of advertisements about hunting is noted, as part of which the mandatory and variable components of the text structure are distinguished. It is established that one of the optional parameters of the structural organization of the text is an indication of the cost of goods, since advertisements’ authors rely primarily on their quality and prestige, demonstrate the beneficial and strong characteristics of the goods of the hunting sphere. The conclusion is made about the specifics of the language design of advertisements, which is characterized by the use of elements of a specialized terminology system, forms of superlative, means of evaluative vocabulary.

The relevance of the study is determined by the author’s appeal to the analysis of one of the dynamic processes that characterize the current state of the lexico-semantic system - secondary borrowing of foreign words. The questions concerning the differentiation of terminological words and phrases used by modern lexicologists in the process of studying the active processes occurring in the Russian language at the turn of the century are considered. Attention is paid to the analysis of approaches to foreign language vocabulary both “returned” from the passive lexicon and re-borrowed from foreign languages in the period of the late 20^th - early 21^st centuries. The question of expediency of use in a number of cases of the term secondary borrowing as the most accurately reflecting essence of the occurring processes is raised. Special attention is paid to the distinction between cases of dearchaization and secondary borrowing. The causes of vocabulary dearchaization are covered, among them being pro-western and pro-Russian tendencies inherent in modern social consciousness. Analysis of the tokens governor and bachelor proves, that the term dearchaizated (reactivated) vocabulary traditionally used in relation to certain words of lexical-thematic groups “Public-political organization” and “Education” should be replaced by the term secondary borrowed vocabulary .

The results of comparative analysis of homonymous syntactic structures in the Russian and English languages are presented. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a deeper study of the semantic and structural aspects of syntactic units in their relationship, taking into account different typological features. It is noted that the ambiguity of a word combination can violate the integrity of the perception of the text, interfere with adequate translation. As a result of the study, general and particular conditions for the emergence of syntactic homonymy in the Russian and English languages, based on the synthetism and analyticism of these languages, were identified. Particular attention is paid to the formal and substantive features of word combinations, leading to the appearance of two or more meanings. Different types of homonymous word combinations in the sentence are noted. It is shown that the ambiguity of a phrase can be caused by such reasons as homonymy of case forms, mixing of different meanings and functions of a case form, presence of a stable word combination or phraseology in a phrase. Special attention is paid to the homonymy of prepositional-case combinations in the Russian language. It is proved that in the English language ambiguity is realized directly by syntactic position, in contrast to the Russian language, in which the appearance of syntactic homonymy is mainly influenced by case relations.

The article is devoted to the study of the information balance of the communicative and textual environment of regional media in the context of constructing the image of the present as a way of manifestation of local patriotism. Local patriotism is understood as the nature of the relationship between the subject and the object of patriotism formed as a result of social interaction. Information balance is considered as a parameter of ecological stability of given environment, balance of information content, completeness of reflection of events of reality by it. The following features of information balance are established: weak differentiation of regional mass media on the parameter “addressing” at the expressed distribution of editions on signs “volume of content of publications on the present” and “character of informing of a potential subject of patriotism on signs of object of patriotism.” The main types of communicative practices of formation of a positive image of the region are revealed. The variability of superstructure of a text performing the task of constructing the local patriotism of the present is shown, namely, the displacement of some of its content elements (location of the element “Comment / Verbal reaction” immediately after the “Main event” and the reflection of the “Verbal reaction” in the “Title”). There is a tendency to consolidate in superstructure of a text of the stable component “Perspective,” which actualizes in the mind of the addressee the reality of the movement from the present to the future. The variety of presentation of different types of facts (information, event, situation, phenomenon, process) in the regional media and the dynamism of the constructed image of the present are shown. It is concluded that the principle of information balance is observed in regional publications, which assures the ecolinguistic stability of the communicative and textual environment of the formation of local patriotism in the present.

The results of studying the conceptual balance of the communicative-textual environment in the context of discursive construction of local patriotism of the present in the regional media of the Volgograd region are presented. Local patriotism is considered as a complex phenomenon, which includes patriotic consciousness, attitudes and activities, formed in the relevant areas. The conceptual balance is interpreted as one of the parameters of ecological compatibility of the given environment. In order to characterize the conceptual balance, the grading of the truth of proposition by reducing categoricity or certainty, the focus of facts presentation, the prevailing types of headings, the nomination of the structural components of local patriotism, the modification of the superstructure of texts are studied. The analysis made it possible to establish that the grading of the truth of preposition by reducing categoricity or certainty at the level of propositional content or propositional setting is more typical for discursive practices aimed at the formation of local patriotism of the present than local patriotism of the past. It is concluded about the prevailing compliance with the conceptual balance of the communicative-text environment. It is noted that the conceptual balance is characterized by the accentuation of activity manifestations of local patriotism, presenting the dynamic image of the region to the subject of local patriotism, placing in the communicative focus of positive changes.

The article is devoted to the presentation of the results of the analysis of the concept RUSSIA as a fragment of art discourse and at the same time a fragment of the national picture of the world formed at the turn of the 19^th and 20^th centuries - a turning point in the history of the state. The specificity of the concept RUSSIA as a concept-stereotype is determined by its direct correlation with the self-identification of representatives of a social group, which allows to qualify it as a national picture of the world dominant. As a source of material for the reconstruction of the concept, the text of Maxim Gorky’s novel “Life of Klim Samgin” is used, in which the author genius materializes the reflection of the Russian intelligentsia as a social layer in the diversity of its representatives. The study focuses on corpus content analysis combined with statistical, contextual, distributive and component analysis techniques. The novel polysubjectness determined by the genre of the epic novel and kaleidoscopic points of view associated with it allowed to imagine the concept model in the form of a matrix, filling of which by lexical material is determined both by individualized ideological position, by particular social group, and by event background. Analysis of the immediate environment of RUS / RUSSIA concept names revealed several semantic areas (slots), entering into a complex system of mutual relations: “power - intelligentsia - people,” “revolution - revolt,” “Europe - West,” “disease” and “money.” The periphery of the conceptual design includes slots “landscape,” “drinking,” “Church / faith.” The system links of the slots are so numerous and multidirectional that it is extremely difficult to distinguish the absolute dominant of the concept and to present its structure as hierarchical.

The features of the written existence of charm tradition are considered. The texts from the so-called “cherished notebooks,” which are understood as a kind of manuscript collections created by Russian peasants in the territory of the Ulyanovsk Volga region, mainly by women, in the second half of the 20^th - early 21^st centuries, are analyzed. It is shown that these notebooks include primarily texts intended for home worship: prayers, Psalms, spiritual verses, etc. It is noted that in some of them there are also traditional charms and prayers that functioned as charms. The material for this research was “cherished notebooks” collected in the period from 1995 to 2008 during folklore expeditions of the Department of Literature of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov and stored in the archive of scientific and educational center “Traditional culture and folklore of the Ulyanovsk Volga region.” This article presents the results of the analysis of data on the owners of “cherished notebooks”: the division by sex and age. The geography of this tradition is reported. The content and structure of notebooks are characterized. Attention is paid to the typology of charms recorded in the “cherished notebooks.”

The article is devoted to the study of a reader’s phenomenon in the structure of the narrative of Russian travelogues of the 19^th century. The material of the study was the most representative notes about the campaign of D. N. Senyavin (by Bronevsky, Korostovets, Svinyin, Panafidina, etc.) as examples of documentary travelogues, as well as literary examples of this genre: “Winter Notes on Summer Impressions” by F. M. Dostoevsky and “Frigate “Pallada” by I. A. Goncharov. An author-traveler of the time considered it a rule to explain his/her attitude in the preface addressed to the reader, or when commenting the writing strategies in the narration of the events that allows to define the image of a reader simulated by the author. The novelty of the study is expressed in the fact that it is in the travelogues of the 19^th century (both documentary and literary; especially in the latter) a figure of a reader as an independent element gradually stands out more and more: a reader is a co-author of the text on the journey, an author’s double, an opponent, defining the main conceptual goals and objectives of the text, managing its narrative structure, a kind of mirror, which clearly reflects the author’s intentions and traveler’s consciousness, considering someone else not only monologically, but also in dialogue with another personality.

The frequency of mentioning the words Russia , Soviet Union , Soviet Russia and U.S.S.R in the American press is in order considered to analyze the stereotypical views of Americans about our country during the cold war. As a source the articles published in the daily newspaper “The New York Times” in the period from 1946 to 1991 are used. The authors analyzed more than 40 000 newspaper articles. The hypothesis about the relation between the frequency of use of various country nominations and the formation of stereotypes about it is offered. The research methodology is based on the statistical analysis of the use of the words Russia , Soviet Union , Soviet Russia and U.S.S.R in “The New York Times” publications. It is revealed that during the cold war the frequency of using the word Russia in this newspaper exceeds the frequency of using the word U.S.S.R 10 times, that, according to the authors, leads to the conclusion about the substitution of notions, which is expressed in the identification of pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union. It is shown that in the future there was a reverse process: during the period of tension of political relations, the image of Russia began to be replaced in American newspaper publications by the image of the USSR, which in the minds of Americans is closely connected with the cold war.

The questions of how successfully the youth of the second half of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s formed a focus on the value of knowledge and what role the Young Communist League (Komsomol) played in this are considered. Studying the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League from the standpoint of state, the authors came to the conclusion that this kind of “Ministry of Youth” not only served as an institution of political socialization, but also persistently showed concern for the education of youth. The basic directions of activity of the Komsomol to achieve the goals of universal education (universal education) are revealed. The achievements in the popularization of science and technology among young people are shown. To assess the perception of the youth of the USSR of knowledge as a value, the authors widely use the results of mass surveys published in the 1960s in the “Komsomolskaya Pravda.” It is noted that the most important indicator of the prestige of knowledge is the high level of popularity of self-education. It is especially emphasized that during this period the organizers of youth leisure in any case did not forget about educational tasks. The novelty of the study is that the materials of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, as well as previously stored under the heading of “top secret” documents of collections for official use have been introduced into scientific circulation.

The authors present the concept of alphabetical construction in Yakutia during the Soviet modernization. It is emphasized that the Yakut region as a special historical and cultural space was characterized by the intensity of civilizational dialogue and exchange of ideas, political strategies and practices. The authors note that the socialist reconstruction actualized the “linguistic” turn in the intellectual environment of the Yakut ASSR in the 1920s-1930s. Two principal positions are characterized in the ongoing heated debate about the graphics of the Yakut alphabet (Cyrillic, on which N. N. Poppe, E. K. Pekarskiy, A. E. Kulakovskiy and V. N. Leontyev insisted, and Latinized, advocated by A. N. Samoylovich, B. M. Grande, S. A. Novgorodov, P. A. Oyunsky). Special attention is paid to the linguistic project developed by the linguist G. V. Baishev (Altan Saryn), which echoes the ideas of linguistic pan-Turkism. For the first time P. A. Oyunsky’s scientific activity in the years of postgraduate study in Moscow (1932-1935), where he was in the “ideological” circle of outstanding linguists, is analysed. It is shown that the worldview and practice of the national intelligentsia were concentrated on experiments on alphabetical construction. The novelty of the research is seen in the methodological innovation: the combination of approaches of transnational and intellectual history allowed to reveal the importance of the presented language projects in the framework of political discourse.

The article is devoted to an important aspect of the policy of the Soviet state towards the citizens of the USSR who professed Islam - the organization of trips to the Hajj in the first half of the 1960s. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that the share of the Muslim population of Russia is steadily growing both due to the birth rate and due to the entry of a large number of migrants into Russian citizenship, many of whom profess Islam. On the basis of the archive material introduced for the first time, the content of the activities of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, which was the most public body of the Soviet state for interaction with the spiritual departments of Muslims in matters of internal and foreign policy tasks, is considered, which determines the novelty of the study. The author shows the strengths and weaknesses of the methods of work of the party-state apparatus of the Soviet state on the selection of candidates for the Hajj and their admission to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Based on the analysis of the documents, a reasonable conclusion was made that in the USSR the Hajj was organized not to meet the needs of Muslims, but to form a positive image of the USSR in the eyes of Muslims around the world and to increase the authority of the Soviet state among its citizens.

Memories of Siberian pilgrims of the late 19^th - early 20^th century are considered as a historical source. The intensification of pilgrimages to the main Christian shrines of the inhabitants of the Russian Empire during this period is naturally associated with the emergence and activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society (IOPS). Regional departments of the society appeared in Siberia (Tobolsk, Tomsk, Yenisei, Chita and Yakut departments). The authors note that thanks to the activities of local departments of the IOPS, the broad strata of the inhabitants of the Empire at the turn of the 19^th - early 20^th centuries were able to make pilgrimages to the Holy Land. It is reported that the written memories of Siberian pilgrims who made multi-day trips to the main shrines of the Middle East have been preserved. The study of these materials allows to conclude that the records were mainly kept by the clergy, some of them were published on the pages of the local diocesan press. The authors point out that the pilgrims, writing down their impressions and memories, paid special attention to the image of Palestine. It is indicated that part of the memories and personal experiences were used as an important source in the Palestinian readings conducted by the regional divisions of the IOPS. It is argued that the diary entries are an important historical source that allows readers to create a holistic image of Palestine.

The activity of units of local air defence (LAD) of the South-Eastern regions of the Far East during the war with Japan in August-September 1945 is analyzed. The activity of the LAD formations on the organization of protection of the population, objects and enterprises is considered. The authors focus on the organization of LAD units (self-defence groups, city battalions), which controlled the implementation of measures for the blackout of settlements and the preparation of the population for air and chemical defence. The analysis of functioning of LAD structures in the prewar period, February-March 1945, and war with Japan in August-September 1945 is presented. The actions in the first days of the war of the LAD units to prevent and minimize the effects of possible bombing of the settlements by Japanese aircraft are revealed. The novelty of the study is seen by the authors in the fact that the previously unused sources devoted to the activities of the LAD formations during the war with Japan are introduced into scientific circulation. The article is based on the documents of State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, Russian State Military Archive, State Archive of Primorsky Krai, State Archive of Khabarovsk Krai.

The article is devoted to the study of the legal status of the parish clergy of the Orthodox Russian Church in the second half of 19^th - early 20^th centuries. On the basis of archival documents and published sources, the privileges and advantages of the clergy are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the shortcomings of the legal status of clerics. The author notes the intertwining of the norms of secular and ecclesiastical law in the Russian legislation, which not always had a positive impact on the social situation of the altar servants. The analysis of the sources showed that in the post-reform period, despite the privileged status of the Church, the clergy were in factual dependence on parishioners, Church authorities, Consistory employees, officials of the crown administration. The considered documents demonstrate the discontent of the overwhelming majority of the clergy with their legal status. The article examines the measures proposed in the course of a broad public discussion aimed at improving the social and legal status of the clergy, parishes and bodies of diocesan administration. The author comes to the conclusion that in the period under review the legal status of clerics as a whole reflected the position of the Church within the Synodal system of governance, which legally turned clerics into employees of the Department of Orthodox confession.

The article highlights the achievements of the Soviet historical science of 1940-1960 in the study of the problem of collectivization in the Baltic republics. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author for the first time made a review of Soviet historical literature on collectivization in the Baltic republics, in terms of modern scientific positions. The author considers the Soviet historical paradigm, identifies the factors of its formation, erosion and crisis in 1970-1980, which leads to the reconstruction of scientific schools, including national ones, in 1990-2000. The relevance of the study is linked, on the one hand, with the understanding of the experience of the development of historical science and the way it passed in the 20^th century, on the other - with the need at the present stage to study collectivization in the Western republics and regions after the Great Patriotic war in regard to the growing contradictions in the post-Soviet space, the breeding ground for which is the tendentious use of facts from the history of the USSR. The analysis reveals the achievements of the Soviet historical science of 1940-1960 (distinguishing stages, factors and methods of collectivization) and poorly studied problems (purpose of collectivization, methods and scale of peasant resistance, number and fate of dispossessed, presence and nature of violations during the continuous collectivization and “dekulakization”).

The article is devoted to traditional animal husbandry in the economic complexes of the Old Believers (Semeiskie), who live in Transbaikalia, in valleys of the rivers Selenga, Khilok and Chikoy since the mid-18^th century. It is noted that Semeiskiye animal husbandry was always of subsidiary nature and included the breeding of large and small cattle. Livestock complex is considered in the dynamics during the 19^th, 20^th and early 21^st century. It is shown that the transformation processes in Semeiskiye farms associated with historical transitions that occurred in the 20^th century, such as the establishment of Soviet power, the perestroika period, determined the modern look of livestock farming. The author points out that Semeiskiye non-material culture contains many elements of pagan themes of the pre-Petrine era, expressed in rites, beliefs and omens. In the article one can trace it in relation to animals and the products obtained from them. It is reported that the special attitude of Old Believers is saved to the horse. The author proves that it is a relict phenomenon of the old Slavic ancient horse cult, which can be observed in our days. When writing this work, archival sources were used, firstly introduced into scientific circulation, as well as field materials of the author for 2007-2017.

The article is devoted to the problem of pension provision of collective farmers in the USSR. The study was conducted on archival materials with the involvement of Internet sources, as well as scientific and reference literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its importance for the social sciences, especially for history, sociology and economics. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that new materials discovered by authors in the funds of these archives are introduced into circulation. The time frame of the article - 1964 and 1965 - is determined by the fact that in this period the state pension provision of collective farmers was introduced. It is claimed that the salaries charged to collective farmers were several times less than the salaries of the majority of urban residents. It is stated that the introduced pensions only to a small extent facilitated the financial situation of the collective farm peasantry. It is claimed that almost all the surveyed collective farmers-pensioners were set a minimum pension. It is proved that the size of disability pensions for farmers initially could not be high. It is concluded that the attitude to the peasantry “on the residual principle” had deep historical roots in the USSR and was based on the well-known concept of Marxist-Leninist theory, which proclaimed the peasantry as a “reactionary” class.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of O. I. Togoeva, proposed by her as a research method in the monograph «The heretic, who became holy». In it, the author attempted to prove that the national heroine of France, Jeanne d’Arc, was a visionary, a prophet who had predicted individual events of the Hundred Years War. Since contemporaries were not sure who its prophecies come from - from God or from the Devil, we had to perform several procedures using the «discretio spirituum» method, that is, the « discerning of spirits». The first two, held in Chinon and in Poitiers in the spring of 1429, ended with the acquittal of Joan of Arc, the third, completed in Rouen in 1431, with an accusation, and finally, the last - in 1450-1456, - restoration of a good name. One may agree that some contemporaries considered Joan of Arc as a prophet or presented her as a prophet, but the fact that the Maid of Orleans really was a prophet remained unproved. The article shows that other interpretations of the mission of Joan of Arc and her actions are possible, including an explanation of her actions not as a prophet, but as one of the captains of the royal army.

The article is devoted to the problem of political preferences of the renovationist episcopate in the USSR in 1941-1945. The author notes that, contrary to the popular opinion about the Pro-Soviet positions of all the bishops-renovationists in the temporarily occupied by the Nazis territory of the RSFSR, many of them were able to successfully return to their ministry, took the previously empty Episcopal chairs and actively carried out anti-Soviet propaganda. It is emphasized that in the territory free from occupation, the Renovationism leaders from the first days of the war stood actively on the Pro-Soviet position, called on believers to fight the enemy. The author proves that initially the Soviet government provided the Church with the same support as the sergians, and only after September 1943 a smooth preponderance of state preferences in favor of the “old churchmen” begins. Attention is paid to the fact that in the conditions of the end of the war many active figures of the Renovationist movement for a long time successfully competed with the Moscow Patriarchate, and then, when it was necessary to reunite with the Russian Orthodox Church, took all possible steps to preserve their own influence. The presented author’s development is based on the materials of Russian archives, as well as modern scientific literature devoted to the problems of the history of religion during the Great Patriotic war and the study of divisions within the Russian Orthodoxy.

The process of implementation of the anti-alcohol campaign carried out during the “Khrushchev thaw” in the Ulyanovsk region is considered. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the work is based on the first introduced into scientific circulation archival materials from the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk Region. It is shown how the party organizations of the Ulyanovsk region implemented the Resolution No. 1365 of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On strengthening the fight against drunkenness and restoring order in the trade of spirits.” The authors of the article, having studied the references and reports of the regional committees of the CPSU on the discussion and implementation of this decision, come to the conclusion that the mechanisms of combating alcohol deviation in the studied time were mainly declarative. It is noted that the party meetings enthusiastically approved the measures proposed by the state institutions to combat alcoholization of the population, but specific measures that contribute to the solution of this social problem were not carried out. According to the authors, these practices are consistent with the double morality in the behaviour of Soviet citizens, developed in the Stalin period in the framework of social discipline.

The stages, features and historical significance of the rural Church building in the North of Tobolsk in the Synodal period are considered. It is specified that at the first stage, in 1710-1770, the initiative for churches building and organization of parishes came from a secular and spiritual authority; temples were built and provided mainly by the Treasury. At the second stage, which covers 1840-1910, churches are built and parishes are created on the initiative of the population, mainly Russians and Zyryans who moved from the South of Western Siberia, from Surgut or from the Urals. It is noted that the work at this time was financially supported exclusively by parishioners themselves or donations from private benefactors. It is shown that the construction and repair were carried out by invited craftsmen from Tobolsk, Berezov, Surgut or by local forces. It is concluded that the temple construction contributed to the formation of a network of settlements that became attractive for internal and external migration, the final consolidation of the region for Russia, the appearance in the region of centres of social and cultural life; it helped to unify management, to establish constructive interaction between the Russian-speaking and “foreign” population in solving problems common for them.