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No 10 (2020)
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LINGUISTICS

9-25 564
Abstract

The features of the use of addressed utterances are considered from the point of view of the concept of asubjectivation, as opposed to the locuous activity of the subject of speech. Asubjectivation is defined as the presence in the semantics of the statement of the point of view of a non-assertive judgment subject, which is not perceived by the speaker’s sphere of consciousness and imposes restrictions on the meaning of the illocutionary act. The main method for identifying and describing asubjectivation in addressed utterances in a sermon is the identification of the scope and illocutionary force of the utterance. It has been proven that addressed utterances in a sermon, regardless of the speaker’s intentions, cover any communication participants, including those who turn out to be casual listeners. In addition, asubjectivation manifests itself as a requirement for the speaker to perform the illocutionary act “informative”, addressed to all participants in communication together, and at the same time — the speech act “message”, which regulates adequate interaction with the recipients of speech when using the language in the sermon. As a material, the authors considered statements built on the grammatical base of sentences with propositional (complex with additional clauses) and non-propositional meanings (impersonal with a due predicate). The relevance of the research is associated with the study of a new type of relationship in the semantic-syntactic structure of the sentence. The concept of asubjectivation allows us to formulate principles that regulate the features of referential relations in the structure of a sentence, taking into account the specifics of discourse.

26-36 788
Abstract

The texts published in the Russian mass media on the digitalization processes in China are analysed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of the Chinese government to the implementation of international cooperation with various countries, including Russia. It is noted that the “Chinese theme” is one of the most relevant in Russian publications. Attention is paid to one of the most popular and dynamically developing areas — digitalization. The author proceeds from the assumption that the media not only reflect news information, but also in a certain way form ideas about a particular object being described. The author notes that significant attention is paid to the development of digitalization in the PRC in Russian newspapers and magazines. It is shown that in the publications of the Russian media, China is represented by one of the world leaders in digitalization, which is supported by the state and its citizens. The contexts, indicating that digitalization is penetrating into different spheres of the country’s life: education, industry, trade, etc., are given. The author comes to the conclusion that an exclusively positive image of digital China is being constructed in the Russian media.

37-48 734
Abstract

The article addresses the issue of language situation and language policy through the analysis of legislation. Taking a social constructionist approach to law, the authors claim that a legal text can be explored for the purpose of discovering typical representations and linguistic resources that conceptualise languages, language situation and language policy. The paper offers a concise overview of domestic and foreign scholarship in the field as well as offering definitions for the basic categories used in the research. The analysis of the Russian Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” shows that the Russian language is constructed as a state language, which has a few aspects. It is represented as an instrument of national unity, an instrument of maintaining culture, and an instrument of international impact. In terms of semantic roles, the Russian language is represented not only as an agent and instrument, but also as a patient, the object of negative and positive impact. The contexts mentioning the Russian language and other languages and idioms construct the relations between the languages as mutually reinforcing (thus, constructing the semantics of unity) or mutually excluding (thus, constructing the semantics of opposition).

49-61 531
Abstract

The analysis of sociolinguistic situation in the Canadian province of New Brunswick is offered in the article. The history of the settlement of this territory by representatives of different linguistic cultures — the French and the British — is considered. An overview of the demo linguistic situation in the province is given. The statistical data of the latest population censuses are presented. Particular attention is paid to the use of the minority French language in various social and communicative spheres in New Brunswick at the present stage: in the legislative and executive branches, in the main sphere of the language functioning — in the sphere of education, in the spheres of services, trade and the media. The author dwells on the problem of variation of the Acadian French language in a situation of institutional bilingualism, when the French language is constantly under the influence of the dominant English language. The relevance of the article is due to the attention of the Russian and world community to the position of minority languages in a multilingual society and the problem of their preservation. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the ongoing language policy is considered simultaneously with the analysis of existing laws on language, since only adopted laws can allow members of the linguistic minority to assert and defend their rights.

62-95 682
Abstract

The current state of the study of Russian dialects in Karelian Seaside is analyzed, the territory of the studied region, which coincides with the boundaries of the dialectal division of the Russian language in 1915 is indicated. It is shown that the exclusion of Karelian Seaside from the dialectal division of 1965, which was an indirect reason for the lack of proper research attention to this region is unjustified. An overview of linguistic works devoted to the study of various language levels (phonetic, grammatical, lexical) is presented. The review of dictionaries, including the vocabulary of Russian dialects of the Karelian Seaside, is carried out. The prospects and objectives of the study are determined. In particular, future research is associated with comparative work on the study of the preservation / change of linguistic phenomena at each level, including the lexical one, which is the most stable in its main core. It is primarily due to extralinguistic reasons. Particular attention is paid to the use of digital technologies when creating a textual database, tested on the materials of the Karelian Seaside. It is noted that the electronic resource will make it possible to constantly introduce new data into scientific circulation, connecting them to various aspects of research, both linguistic and broader humanitarian.

96-113 662
Abstract

A new perspective on the analysis of the linguistic and ethnocultural situation in the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Belarus is offered in the study. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that, taking into account various initial parameters — geographic distance, form of government, language status — it is proposed to compare the situation in two regions, in which a general tendency is found due to the dominant position of the Russian language. The main attention is paid to clarifying the ethnic well-being of people, to varying degrees, involved in the processes of preserving language and culture. An interpretation and comparison of the reasons for the preference of the Russian language in the network space and in real life is proposed. The article is based on the results of a survey of the translators of the Vkontakte social network interface, materials from biographical interviews with ethnic leaders, and observation data on ethnically oriented events in the regions under consideration. The difference in linguistic attitudes and real practices of using the Karelian and Belarusian languages by activists was revealed. The linguistic reasons (the level of linguistic competence) and the psychological aspect of the ethno-linguistic component in the choice of the dominant language in Karelia and Belarus have been determined.

114-127 650
Abstract

The article deals with the study of male and female speech behavior of British parliamentarians in the discussion of Brexit problems by various mass media. It is emphasized that the need to study the gender specifics of the speech behavior of women and men politicians commenting on Brexit in order to attract public attention is due to the extreme importance of media discourse. It determines the “agenda” of both an individual and various social institutions of modern society, on the one hand, and growing research interest in gender discourse studies, on the other. It is shown that institutionalization and ritualization form the basis of the gender manifestation of each individual’s belonging to a particular gender, and the generation and use of discourse cannot be studied outside the gender factor. The novelty and purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the complex linguistic gender specificity of the speech behavior of British politicians in political media discourse. The results of the analysis of the morphological, semantic and stylistic specifics of the speech behavior of British parliamentarians, when discussing Brexit in political media discourse in accordance with the gender of politicians are presented. The influence of social and psychological factors on the choice of pragmacommunicative design of the discursive space of the addressee, as well as the correlation of gender, pragmalinguistic tools and the effect of communicative dominance, have been proved.

128-141 685
Abstract

The article deals with the fixed verb combinations of the German language from the point of view of cognitive linguistics. As the material under study, fixed verb combinations are presented, built according to the type “verb + (preposition) + noun”. The author dwells on four German verbs (stehen, stellen, schließen, fassen) and possible combinations with them. The examples under consideration are combined into groups where different nouns are used with one verb, usually of an abstract nature. An attempt is made to analyze conceptual schemes that model fragments of the surrounding reality and to identify the images that the carrier of the German linguistic culture operates with. The study of the figurative component of fixed verb combinations allows us to classify them on conceptual grounds, namely to single out the metaphor “container” and the spatial metaphor. The author also dwells on the conceptual metaphor of objectification. Particular attention is paid not only to the semantics of individual components of verbal phrases (verb, preposition and noun), but also to the grammatical characteristics of lexemes. The analysis performed makes it possible to speak about the presence in the German linguistic culture of basic universal concepts, designed in the form of conceptual schemes. The studied conceptual schemes make it possible to clearly demonstrate the thesis that abstract phenomena are often comprehended through concrete-sensory images.

142-158 603
Abstract

The paper presents the results of the corpus and lexicographical analysis of two Modern Greek constructional phrasemes (a class of phraseologisms distinguished by A. N. Baranov and D. O. Dobrovol’skij) with antonymous verbs in their fixed part — Χ τον ανεβάζει, Χ / Y τον κατεβά- ζει and Χ μπαίνει, Χ βγαίνει. It is noted that though these constructional phrasemes have different meanings and dissimilar functions in the sentence there is structural and semantic similarity between them. The two phrasemes represent a rhyming two-part structure, whose main lexical “anchors” are antonymous locative verbs expressing a counter-directional movement of a subject or an object in space. It is shown that the pairs of the antonymous verbs become desemanticized and the relation of antonymy between them becomes lost as they form the fixed part of the constructional phrasemes. It is emphasized that at the same time the original locative meaning of the verbs adds it imagery to the semantic content of these phrasemes, becoming the basis of their inner form, and determines some part of their meaning — the meaning of multitude of repeating situations. The paper also takes into consideration some idiomatical constructions of other languages that have similar meanings to those of the Greek constructional phrasemes. It is demonstrated that many of these constructions are also formed by means of locative antonyms, which provides evidence to suggest that this type of inner form is frequent among phraseologisms denoting multitude of repeating situations.

159-171 621
Abstract

The question of the originality of the syntax of native advertising publications in Russian editions of international glossy magazines in 2018-2020 is considered. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the interest of domestic and foreign experts in one of the modern formats of brand promotion on the market — natural advertising that organically fits into the content of the site, print or online edition and helps to promote the brand’s products to the market. The novelty of the study is associated with the allocation, systematization and description of the main features of native publications: the functioning of bisubstantive sentences, question-answer complexes, connecting structures, definite personal one-part sentences with predicate verbs of the 1st and 2nd person singular; the use of bifunctional exclamation sentences, simple sentences, complicated by inserted constructions and introductory-modal words; the use of non-union complex sentences with explanatory semantic relations, complex sentences with explanatory-object and intrinsic-attributive clauses; introduction of various explicit intertextual units, etc. The author comes to the conclusion that the syntax of texts in the native advertising format as a whole is a hybrid formation, similar to the syntax, on the one hand, of direct advertising texts, and journalistic and PR-texts on the other.

172-193 675
Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the growing interest in the study of both colloquial speech and regional linguistic phenomena. The author proceeds from the fact that the study of regional speech facts makes it possible to clarify the idea of the functioning of regional systems, taking into account various discursive restrictions. The author dwells on the interpretation of lexical meanings, description of the functioning features and methods of formation of 6 common nouns and 8 proper names, formed from the toponym “Kolyma” and included in the group of homonyms “Kolymka”. It is shown that these homonyms are mainly formed through universalization, while proper names are formed on the basis of real-life phrases that are regularly used to designate objects, and common nouns are created on the basis of free combinations of words. It is concluded that the study of the facts of regional colloquial speech allows us to observe the features of the functioning of regional vocabulary, which have not yet been studied. It will help to more accurately distinguish between local speech phenomena and the properties of the author’s manner of generating speech (for example, in the field of occasional word formation), as well as see reflection in the nominations various features of the perception of the region (in this case, Kolyma).

194-211 630
Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of communicative interaction in the “doctor — patient” dyad. The relevance of the study is due to the need to return the humanistic principle to medical practice and to increase the efficiency of communication between medical personnel and patients, both in their native language and in a foreign language. The aim of the study is to identify the means of verbalization of the informing communicative strategy, which the doctor uses during a consultation of cancer patients. The empirical material was authentic consultative conversations in German, recorded in the GAT-2 transcription system. It has been proven that in the material under study, the informative communicative strategy is dominant. Six main tactics of the informing strategy have been identified: the tactics of explanation, the tactics of planning, the tactics of recommending therapy, the tactics of updating the medical history, the tactics of communicating the diagnosis, and the tactics of checking the contact. Special attention is paid to the distinctive features of the structure of the dialogues under consideration and their influence on the sequence of reproduction of the selected tactics. Frequent language means of implementing tactics, as well as the explicit and implicit goals of their use, are systematized. It is concluded that the use of communicative tactics corresponds to the specifics of the patient-centered approach.

LITERARY STUDIES. JOURNALISM. FOLKLORE

213-230 534
Abstract

The complex processes involved in the generation of the image of the hero by the narrator and the perception of this image by the epic audience are studied. A comprehensive analysis of epic formulas with a matrix construction is carried out in order to identify their reference models. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the problems of human speech-thinking activity on the basis of the epic formulas of the Yakut olonkho are considered. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that when revealing the image of the hero, the narrator uses the parallels as a referent: property of the material / property of the image. It is noted that, in turn, the recipients decipher these constructions thanks to the background knowledge about the referent, in particular, about the property of the described material, which is mentally brought under the image of a hero. According to the author, the very structure of the organization of matrix structures does not allow the olonkhosut to completely replace the components that form the referent. Moreover, it is stated that the structure of the analyzed constructions ignores even gender differences in describing the image of heroic women. It is pointed out that the described processes, when the narrator recites certain analyzed epic formulas, occur in a very short time.

231-242 672
Abstract

Based on the well-known work of E.S. Novik (2001), for the first time, the experience of describing the internal and external characteristics of the characters of the Sart-Kalmyk version of the “Dzhangar” epic from the point of view of their individual, family and class conditions is presented in this article. The material for the analysis was the unpublished texts of the epic “Dzhangar”, recorded in 1929 by A. V. Burdukov and in 1972 by A. Sh. Kichikov in the village of Chelpek in the Ak-Suu district of the Przhevalsk region of Kyrgyzstan. For comparison, the published songs of the Kalmyk and Xinjiang Oirat versions of the epic “Dzhangar”, Kalmyk heroic tales, as well as the authors’ personal field notes were used. As a result of the analysis of the Sart-Kalmyk version of the epic “Dzhangar”, the authors came to the conclusion that for the in-plot functioning of the characters, it is important not only what role they play, but also what internal and external characteristics they are endowed with, since they correspond to those actions in which real characters take part. The characterization of the characters, playing up in the plot of the epic, sets the form of collisions. It was revealed that the victory of the heroes of the epic “Dzhangar” is associated with the following characteristics of the character: “strong / weak” and “brave / cowardly”, “whole / dismembered”, etc. Comparative consideration of the characters of the epic “Dzhangar” showed that the epic heroes have both similarities and local individual differences. However, the main functions that they perform in one version or another are close, going back to the ancient all-Mongolian epic tradition.

243-254 502
Abstract

The speech characteristics of the characters of Boris Akunin’s “Fandorin corpus” as a cycleforming principle are analyzed. Attention is paid to distorted speech, analyzed in terms of language levels. The results of a comparative analysis of the speech characteristics of four characters, in whose speech there are examples of distortion, are presented. The question is raised about the status of the language they speak: in fact, despite the external similarity of their speech, the structural principles of distortion are significantly different. Attention is paid to such types of distortions as phonetic, lexical, grammatical. A classification of speech distortions characteristic of characters from Akunin’s works is proposed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the speech characteristics of the characters are considered in the light of the structuralist concept of the levels of the language system and serves as a key to identifying the criminal in those works in which the author does not reveal his name to the reader until the last lines. The analysis of speech strategies of the characters is carried out. The relevance of the study is due to the identification of the cyclical role of these strategies in the plot of the works included in the “Fandorin corpus”. Various distortion strategies have been proven to be used as a postmodern game with the reader and represent the key to understanding the essence of the character. Key words:

255-267 668
Abstract

The early Russian reception of the Scottish writer James Hogg (1770—1835), known in his homeland as an interpreter of folk ballads and the author of “The Confession of a Justified Sinner” (1824) — a complex work, which laid the foundation for the theme of multiple personality disorder in English literature is comprehended in the article for the first time. It has been suggested that the first Russian to hear about Hogg and his works was A. I. Turgenev, who visited W. Scott in Abbotsford in August 1828. The materials of the Russian periodicals of the 1830s (“Library for reading”, “Northern Bee”, “Telescope”, “Moscow Observer”), which reported facts about the life and work of Hogg, were comprehended. It is noted that the authors of a number of articles (most of them published without a signature and under kryptonyms) were significant critics and publicists of the era — O. I. Senkovsky, N. A. Polevoy, N. I. Nadezhdin. It was established that in the 1830s, fragments from Hogg’s memoir about the life of W. Scott in Abbotsford “The Domestic Manners and Private Life of Sir Walter Scott” (1834), as well as a fragment from the book “Noctes Ambrosianae” (1802—1835), attributed to Hogg, but in reality a collective work of J. Wilson, J. G. Lockhart, Hogg and W. Maginn were translated into Russian. The analysis of publications about Hogg in periodicals and in the fourteenth volume of the Encyclopedic Lexicon (1838) revealed inaccuracies in the presentation of biographical facts, the tendency of Russian publicists to uncritically perceive the subjective assessments of the Hogg-memoirist, largely due to his desire to emphasize his own literary significance. It is noted that, introducing Hogg as a follower of Burns and a friend of Scott, the authors of articles in Russian periodicals did not pay due attention to Hogg’s creative individuality, the originality of his creative heritage, as a result of which the late period of his literary biography (late 1810s — mid-1830s), associated with the creation of “The Confession of a Justified Sinner” and a number of other significant works, remained unnoticed against the background of early works associated with reliance on folk songs.

268-279 503
Abstract

The article is devoted to the formation of artistic historicism in the work of Lazhechnikov. The relevance of the study is associated with the need for a deeper study of the early work of the writer. It is proved that the foundations of artistic historicism were laid in the early works of Lazhechnikov. It is noted that in the stories “Malinovka” and “Portrait” there is a transformation of sentimental stories with a setting on a historical theme. In the course of the study, the authors of the article conclude that in these works Lazhechnikov does not yet feel the need for historical stylization in the spiritual appearance of the heroes depicted, although he is inclined to preach moral categories, therefore the historicism of these works is of a didactic nature. The “Travel notes of a Russian officer” is also examined in the article. It is noted that in this work the writer’s individual experience becomes a part of historical experience, the accumulation of which is perceived by Lazhechnikov as a process that forms the moral and ethical criteria of the nation. The authors of the article dwell on the fact that the writer creates his own poetics of historical narration, artistic historicism manifests itself in the transfer of historical flavor, in the writer’s reflections on the role of the Russian nation in history. It has been established that Lazhechnikov’s artistic historicism presupposes the interconnection of the past and the present, the comprehension of historical time becomes the basis for the formation of the writer’s historical thinking. The idea is expressed that the historicism of Lazhechnikov’s early works became the basis for the development of the historical theme in the novels of the 1930s.

280-296 521
Abstract

The specific features of epic narration in the Ossetian novel prose (1940-1960) in the context of the all-Russian literary process are considered. The problem solved in the article is actualized in the light of the conceptual differences that emerged in the post-Soviet era in the interpretation of the essence of the concept of “epic novel”, in the attribution of its genre status. The purpose of the article is to specify the typology of the epic chronotope and character system, to identify the issues of the structural completeness of works. A typological method is used with the use of an axiological approach, which allows us to focus both on the spiritual and content aspect of artistic searches and on the pseudo-scale tendencies in the novel-epic practice of the aforementioned decades. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time, using the example of Ossetian prose, the process of the emergence of a new genre variety in national literatures is investigated. Special attention is paid to the aspects of deactualization of the national-ethnic in the behavioral sphere of characters in favor of sharpening their ideological identity. At the same time, it is shown that in the system of images, in the very poetics of narration, through the ideological sharpening inevitable for time, an orientation toward the foundations of national consciousness, toward the spiritual and historical experience of the people appears. It is concluded that works of an epic type, despite the tangible costs of an ideological and partly aesthetic order, were a new stage in the interpretation of epoch-making events of the past by Ossetian literature in their conjunction with the life of the people, the microcosm of the family and the individual.

297-308 548
Abstract

The folklore and mythological traditions in the works of the outstanding poet-satirist of the late XIX — early XX centuries M. A. Sabir are considered in the article. It is noted that modern Sabirovology unites scientists from Azerbaijan, Russia and other countries who turn to the study of the poet’s works. The results of the analysis of a number of poetic works of Sabir, in which the author uses folklore and mythological elements as a technique that enhances the satirical sound of his texts are presented in the article. The author believes that Sabir, thanks to the inclusion of representatives of the demonic world (hortdan, damdabadzha, djinn, djann, Baba Yaga) among the characters, emphasizes the power of influence on people of belief in otherworldly forces, thus ridiculing inertness of thinking, unwillingness to develop, to keep up with progress. It is shown that Sabir creates realistic negative social types: money-grubbing, ignorant, etc. Special attention is paid to small folklore and mythological genres (curse, blessing, omen), which emphasize a person’s faith in the magical power of the word. It is noted that the study of folklore and mythological elements in the satirical works of Sabir has a perspective.

HISTORY

310-322 617
Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive examination of theoretical approaches to the study of the history of Altai in the 18th century, developed by Russian specialists over the past three decades. The relevance of the study is associated with the emerging trend in domestic science towards a holistic understanding of the retrospective of individual regions, including through understanding the interdependent role of various social and administrative factors in the colonization process. Special attention is paid to the conceptual assessment of the nature of the initial development of Altai. The methodological grounds for applying the theories of military colonization, frontier, frontier modernization to the history of the region are outlined. The authors state the presence in the scientific literature of two non-identical approaches to the characterization of the Russian border in the south of Western Siberia. The authors demonstrate the obvious desire of historians to carry out comprehensive studies of regional and local levels of civil and mining management, which has emerged against the background of the preservation of the heuristic significance of microhistorical analysis of the role of individual fortified (fortresses, forts) or production facilities (factories). The diversity and conceptual heterogeneity of modern Russian historiography of the history of Altai in the 18th century is summarized. Some forecasts of the development of the historiographic situation are formulated.

323-336 895
Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the significance of the accumulation of everything positive from the historical experience of implementing national projects, including the formation of the country’s oil and gas complex. On the basis of archival documents, issues related to the evolution of state policy in the field of searching for new oil fields in the Ural-Volga region on the eve and during the Great Patriotic War are considered. The novelty of the study is determined not only by the introduction of previously unpublished documents into scientific circulation, but also by an attempt to analyze the ongoing discussions about the prospects of this oil region, very contradictory decisions of the government in this regard. Attention is focused on such a miscalculation of the Soviet government in the pre-war period as a stake on the development of oil production, primarily in Azerbaijan and the North Caucasus. It has been proven that as a result, the oil workers of the Second Baku felt a lack of funds, equipment, and qualified personnel. It is concluded that as a result, only the first half of 1944 was marked by the largest event in the oil industry of our country: scientists confirmed the assumptions that there are multilayer oil fields in the area between the Volga and the Urals. The authors of the article argue that the discovery of new deposits was of strategic importance for the industrialization of the country, and later for the supply of oil products to the rear and front. It is emphasized that the development of the Devonian deposits of the Ural-Volga region, which began in 1944, became the basis for a sharp increase in oil production in this region.

337-352 588
Abstract

The question of the system of Russian-Polish interaction during the period of temporary stabilization of political relations in Russia - from the Lyubech Congress (1097) to the end of the Kiev reign of Mstislav the Great (1125-1132) is considered in the article. The authors show that the 12th century is presented in historiography as a time of gradual growth of contradictions between two Christian civilizations, as a transitional period between the Great Schism of 1054 and the IV Crusade (1202- 1204). An attempt is made to consider the relationship between Russia and Poland of the indicated period outside the teleological approach. The authors provide evidence that the thesis of the religious factor as decisive in Russian-Polish relations does not correspond to the political realities of the 10- 30s of the XII century. It is shown that it was the ideological orientation of Vladimir Monomakh towards the crusading movement and the Holy Roman Empire that made it impossible for allied relations between Kiev and Krakow in the first quarter of the 12th century. It has been proved that there was no single policy of Rus towards Poland; the actions of the two sides were situational. The authors come to the conclusion that in Russia and Poland, competing political groups sought to implement their own strategies in relation to the neighboring state.

353-367 633
Abstract

The issues related to the events that took place in Israeli political life in the 60s and 70s of the XX century, which went down in history under the name of the “right turn”, when the leftwing parties came to replace the leading left-wing parties since 1949 are examined in the article. It is shown how, with their coming to power, foreign and domestic political approaches have changed, within which the ideas of Zionism-revisionism began to come to the fore. The authors analyze the reasons for the end of the era of the leadership of the left parties in Israeli politics, the essence the “right turn” and its consequences. Particular attention is paid to the activities of such forces of as MAPAI and Likud, which have largely shaped the political landscape of the state since the second half of the 1960s. It is emphasized that this issue is relevant from the point of view of analyzing later events and, in particular, the 2019—2020 crisis during the formation of the Israeli government, as well as intensifying its policy in the Palestinian direction. It has been proved that some of the key factors that still determine the internal political and social atmosphere in the country and the region appeared precisely at the considered historical stage.

368-383 534
Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of the evacuation of cultural values during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that in historiography insufficient attention is paid to the salvation of the treasures of provincial museums in 1941—1942. The question is raised about the lack of a unified plan for the evacuation of museum collections from the western regions of the USSR in the initial period of the war. The novelty of the research is in the introduction into scientific circulation of a unique document — a report on the evacuation of the literary and memorial museum of V. G. Korolenko from Poltava to Sverdlovsk. The question of the history of the creation of the museum and its work in the pre-war period is considered. The authors dwell on the history of the creation of literary and memorial museums in the USSR in the 1920s-1930s. The composition of the archive of V.G.Korolenko is characterized. It is shown that the graduates of the higher female Bestuzhev courses played a significant role in this process. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the museum director, the writer’s eldest daughter, Sofya Vladimirovna Korolenko. It has been proven that she is credited with saving the museum collection from the front line. According to the authors, the history of the evacuation of cultural property during the war is a poorly studied issue, the solution of which depends on the publication of sources.

384-397 678
Abstract

The question of the development of the oil industry in the Kuban regions in the late 1920s and in the first half of the 1930s is considered. Attention is paid to the state of oil production and oil refining at the end of the NEP, the reasons for the difficult situation in the oil industry. The results of a comparative analysis of the potential and activities of the corresponding Kuban refineries that were part of various oil trusts are presented. The classification of enterprises is proposed depending on their profile (oil production and oil refining) and production value. A review of the production life of these enterprises is carried out. Their role in the regional economy and in strengthening interregional economic ties is assessed. The relevance of the study is due to the need to consider the degree of participation of oil industry enterprises in the Kuban in solving important economic problems that go beyond this region. The situation in oil production and oil refining as an important segment of heavy industry located on the territory of an agricultural region is analyzed and reconstructed in the article. Questions are raised about the specifics of the development of the oil industry in the Kuban, about the form of subordination of its enterprises. Particular attention is paid to the problems of staffing, technical equipment of oil producing and oil refineries and their impact on the implementation of complex planned targets. It has been proved that the dynamics of the development of the Kuban oil-bearing regions and the development of oil refineries depended on the introduction of new drilling methods, on the intensification of exploitation of both developed and new oil-bearing regions.

398-415 597
Abstract

The question of the content of the insurrectionary protest of the 1920s is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the tendency in historiography to develop any speech of this period in two directions: analysis of program and campaign documents and understanding of the process of suppressing protest. It is proposed to highlight the aspect of the implementation of program provisions for assessing the constructive beginning in the protest movement: how realizable were the programs of the rebels, and also how the rebels managed to implement their plans. Particular attention is paid to the performance of the “Red Army of Truth” in the summer of 1920, which the author defines as “communist” and pro-Soviet. The results of a comparative analysis of sources, which by their origin are related to the insurgent environment, and real actions of the insurgents are presented in the article. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the analysis of the actions of the insurgents is carried out without regard to the stereotypes existing in historiography and with the attraction of new facts from previously closed sources. A significant part of the plans and slogans of the “Army of Truth” were implemented in the controlled territory, which testifies to their realism. This allows us to question the well-established thesis that at that time the communist leaders in the center offered the only correct option for building a new Soviet state.

416-429 483
Abstract

The activities of local authorities in the sanitary improvement of cities in the West Siberian region are characterized in the article. The author analyzes the sanitary regulations of the self-government bodies addressed to the urban population, identifies their common and distinctive features. Attention is focused on the problem of compliance with the instructions issued by the authorities by the owners of factories, plants, trade shops, public baths, hairdressers and other institutions of urban infrastructure, as well as ordinary citizens. Methods of punishment for violation of the accepted sanitary rules and the effectiveness of their application are considered. The conclusion is made about the intensification of the work of urban self-government bodies in ensuring sanitary order, which was caused by an increase in the rates of economic development of cities, an increase in their population, an acceleration of migration processes and, as a consequence, an unfavorable epidemiological situation, an expansion of the residential area due to the chaotic development of urban outskirts, pollution of water supply sources, the emergence of unauthorized household waste dumps. It is emphasized that the need to solve the problems of sanitary improvement forces the city authorities to seek support from caring citizens, to establish interaction with them, which brings first positive results, contributes to the development of private initiative in improving the sanitary condition of the city economy and residential yards of ordinary inhabitants.

430-449 581
Abstract

The activity of officials on the formation of public non-political organizations of the Tomsk province in the last quarter of the XIX — early XX centuries is considered. The picture of the current state of research of public organizations and officials of the Russian Empire is presented. Based on the analysis of a number of published and unpublished sources, examples of the participation of representatives of the Tomsk administration in the process of creating various societies are revealed. The features of interaction of officials with representatives of the local society (scientists, political exiles, merchants, industrialists), as well as with city government bodies are highlighted. The main forms of the contribution of the Tomsk bureaucracy to the creation of societies are determined: the development of a charter, a petition to the state to open an organization, a search for like-minded people, and financial support. The author establishes the main reasons for the participation of employees of administrative institutions of the Tomsk province in the formation of new societies: job responsibilities, joint initiative with members of the public, personal interest. A correlation was found between the direction of work of some organizations and the official and non-official activities of civil servants. In general, the potential for establishing interaction between officials and the local community in the process of creating non-political organizations was noted.



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ISSN 2225-756X (Print)
ISSN 2227-1295 (Online)