A comprehensive description of one of the types of amateur dialect dictionaries, namely the “dictionary-encyclopedia”, is carried out. As a material for the analysis, a dictionary of the dialect of the Bakal town of the Chelyabinsk region, compiled by Boris Petrovich Plaksin (the volume of the dictionary is about 4000 words) was selected. The results of the analysis of the thematic, stylistic belonging of the vocabulary constituting the vocabulary of Plaksin’s dictionary are presented. It is shown that a significant part of the dictionary is made up of dialectal linguistic facts (as well as common and colloquial vocabulary and phraseology, which the author qualifies as local) of the thematic groups “Rural life”, “Economy”, “Human characteristics”, “Professional activities”, etc. It is emphasized that a vast layer of dialectal and national facts given in the dictionary is the vocabulary and phraseology of traditional folk culture, church terminology and vocabulary of the Old Believers, as well as designations of the realities of various historical eras. It is concluded that B. P. Plaksin chooses a strategy of value-historical selection of vocabulary and includes in his dictionary the vocabulary of various cultural and historical layers, focusing on the various sources available to him on Russian history, traditional rituals, historical facts, etc.

The results of the analysis of semantic groups of mythonyms of the poetic heritage of I. A. Bunin as means of explication of various historical-informational and cultural-symbolic worldview meanings are presented in the article. The relevance of the work is due to the interest of literary onomastics in identifying units of the onomastic code of artistic and aesthetic systems of various domestic and foreign writers. The novelty of the work is associated with the inclusion of lexical units with different ratios of the nominated image and denotation into the Bunin mythonymicon, with the synthesis of linguistic and literary-cultural approaches in characterizing each of the selected lexical units. The twelve described semantic groups of mythological names are organized in the form of a field with a core and peripheral parts. For each group, the features of contextual use are noted. The authors come to the conclusion that in the Bunin picture of the world, mythonyms of various semantics perform text-forming and meaning-forming functions. They not only represent archetypal images (Fire, Bottom, Feminine, Garden, etc.), axiological oppositions (light — darkness, good — evil, etc.), key ideas, themes and motives (the idea of being still, themes of love, death, motives of temptation, resurrection, dreams, etc.), historiosophical concepts (moral choice and fortitude), but also participate in the creation of an individual author’s myth.

In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the semantic and pragmatic potential of emoji signs that explicate the “covid” meaning. The Internet thesaurus emoji with a common semantic component “medicine / coronavirus pandemic ”, circulating in the space of the Russian-speaking and English-speaking segments of the Internet serve as the material to be investigated. The authors of the article pose and analyze a number of significant issues to understand the role of emoji within the framework of pandemic discourse: the terminological variability of the terms smile, emoticon and emoji in the context of the described problems is clarified and specified; the structural and content potential of the emoji sign is characterized; the possibilities of the sign in the process of its use by of mass Internet culture carriers are determined; groups of emoji signs in the English-speaking and Russian-speaking segments of the Internet are distinguished and characterized. The authors use a field approach with the allocation of the core and periphery in the context of the description of the thematic thesaurus of emoji signs. In addition, attention is paid to the structural and semantic features of the emoji sign, which, ultimately, cause the appearance of a simple or complex pictogram. It is concluded that emoji signs are included in many social spheres of the Internet space within the general information context of the COVID-19 epidemic.

The results of a sociolinguistic analysis of factors that reduce the language competence of Sakha schoolchildren in a broad extralinguistic context based on field data representing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the research object is presented in the article. Attention is paid to the functioning of the Yakut language in the field of education, which is undergoing various transformations depending on the course of the state educational policy, the socio-economic state of the region and the processes of globalization, the consequences of which form risks for the ethnocultural component of communities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with non-dominant languages. It is argued that the language policy in the field of education, which implements “de jure” bilingual, polylingual models, in the implementation of which the formal approach prevails, actually minimizes the presence of the Yakut language in the education system due to insufficient consideration of linguistic attitudes and the real needs of the Sakha ethnic community. It is noted that the conditions of active contact bilingualism in the regions of the Russian Federation, a variety of ambiguous extralinguistic factors predetermine the strengthening of institutional support, state protectionism in the field of optimal linguistic support of training and educational processes. It is proved that taking into account the experience of research on family, civil language policy can help in obtaining an optimal solution to the problems of language reproduction on regional material. 

The article is devoted to the consideration of the category of space in the Old Russian text. The text of the live of Erasmus was used for analysis.  The novelty of the work lies in the reference to the text of the monument, in which the category of space was not previously considered.  The research is based on nominative vocabulary with spatial meaning. In the course of consideration, various types of spaces in the live were identified: real-geographical, urban, sacred, biblical, symbolic. The axiological attitude of the genre becomes important for understanding space in live: space is interpreted in a religious-symbolic way. It is showed in the article that the living space is built horizontally and vertically. It is emphasized that the horizontal movement of the hero reflects the movement of the hero in the geographic space. The path is understood both literally and metaphorically. Particular attention is paid to the opposition of the top and bottom that is significant for the text of the live: the top is associated with the divine, the bottom is associated with the concept of the devil. It shows how the biblical space is created by references to the biblical text. The symbolic space is also associated with vertical opposition and has a religious and ethical interpretation: the image of the city of the saint appears, intended for the righteous. The axiological attitude is also reflected in the transformation of space or its overcoming when describing some miracles in the text.

The question of the use of pronouns as an element in the process of word formation of lexical units of the German and Russian languages is considered. The material was texts related to different genres: journalistic, popular science, scientific, artistic. The novelty of the research is seen in the comparison of the word-formation potential of pronouns in two languages, the word-formation system of which has some differences. The result of a comparative analysis of vocabulary related to different parts of speech is presented. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of using personal pronouns that are involved in nominal word formation. It is shown that lexical units with components — personal pronouns in the Russian language are less typical, however, they are used in texts of a certain subject and in some cases are tracing copies from the corresponding foreign words. Attention is paid to the emergence of neologisms and occasionalisms, the use of borrowings. The question is raised about the role of context in the interpretation of words with pronominal components. It is concluded that the derivational potential of pronouns is higher in German, but the lexical units of the Russian language can also be formed using similar elements. An increase in the number of words of this type in the Russian language is noted due to the translated terminology from the Germanic languages. 

The article deals with the problem of optimization of the dictionary description of the stereotypes of the Russian linguoculture, reflected by linguistic units, which is relevant for Russian cultural linguistics and lexicography. The possibilities of solving this problem are shown with a thematic vocabulary systematization of proverbs regulating the communicative behavior of Russians. A review of modern linguoculturological and linguoaxiological studies of paremias reflecting communicative behavior in their projection onto lexicographic practice is carried out. The development of the ideas of paremiographers of the 19th century in modern concepts of thematic dictionaries is shown, special attention is paid to the rubrication of sections and methods of commenting on proverbs of speech-behavioral topics. The author’s version of the classification of proverbial material reflecting the communicative behavior of Russians is given, the expediency of the dispersed arrangement of paremias in the headings representing speech genres and features of communication in certain socio-cultural spheres is substantiated. In accordance with this concept, the system of linguoaxiological parameterization of proverbs, developed by the authors earlier, has been modified. Samples of dictionary macrostates representing the axiologems of the speech-behavioral sphere are given; proverbial material of Internet communication that has not been reflected in dictionaries at the moment is used. The possibilities of using the proposed linguoaxiological parameterization of the material in the bilingual thematic dictionary of proverbs are shown.

A parametric model for describing the “essay” speech genre functioning in the church-religious style, which is called spiritual on the basis of its intentional, thematic-content, illocutionary and other features, is presented. The author suggests using the following parameters in the analysis of an essay with spiritual (religious-Christian) content: addresser, addressee, spiritual and religious intentions of the author, spiritual and religious thematic basis of content, composition, argumentation, used Christian images, tactics and strategies, representative linguistic stylistic means, intertextual content. The implementation of this model is shown on the basis of the text «“The effect of proximity” in history and everyday life» written by Archimandrite Makarii (Veretennikov). A spiritual essay is defined as a genre of a church-religious style: a text-reflection created by a clergyman and addressed to a representative of Christian culture, reflecting the personal experiences and impressions of the author. In the final part of the work, it is stated: the spiritual essay is realized as an independent genre and becomes an element of the structure of another genre, for example, writing, diary, etc., that is, it is embodied as an intragenre. The collection of spiritual essays by Archimandrite Savva (Mazuko) “Love and Emptiness” is used for research. The comparative analysis is designed to accurately and convincingly show the specifics of a spiritual essay. 

The question of the method of describing of Author’s Image in Texts in modern linguistics is discussed in the article. It is argued that this technique requires the development of principles focused on systems engineering. The authors of the article note that one of the problems of modern genre studies is that a large amount of research in this area in aggregate reflects various approaches to the description of the “image of the author” in texts of the genre. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for an objective description of the author’s image, the hypothesis of “Functional modeling of the author of the genre” is put forward: the model of the genre system in the epistemological description has a complex level structure. The authors of the article put forward their own development of the technology for describing the image of the author of the genre, defining this technology as effective and consistent with the principles of a systematic approach to genre phenomena. In order to solve the problem of the attributive aspect of describing a genre, that is, to determine its units, it seems productive to analyze the genre according to the so-called communicative-semiotic model. The article proposes ways of solving emerging problems concerning the principles of objectivist description of the author’s model of the genre. 

A study of epic formulas that explicate variations of the concept THOUGHT in the olonkho text of the narrator T. V. Zakharova-Chebiy “Ala Bulkun”, which refers to the early (pre-revolutionary) records of the Yakut epic, is carried out. The results of a conceptual analysis of variations of the concept THOUGHT, which, according to the author's observations, are formed during the functioning of the lexemes sanaa ‘thought’ (39 formulas) and tolkuy ‘thought, idea, consideration, reflection’ (7 formulas), taking into account the general context of epic formulas are presented in the article. It has been established that the concept THOUGHT, as a prototype that reveals the greatest number of characteristics, underlies the formation of the following concept-variations derived from it: ANGRY THOUGHTS, BOLD THOUGHTS, REFLECTION, INTENTION, LIGHTNESS, BAD THOUGHTS, HEAVY THOUGHTS, HURRY THOUGHTS and THOUGHTS ABOUT LOVE. It has been established that conceptual information can also come from the general context of an epic formula without a representative lexeme. It was revealed that the studied concepts carry an axiological load and serve to reveal the images of epic characters. According to the author, the estimated value of the concepts under consideration, in addition to the cognitive function itself, is also one of the factors contributing to the stability of the epic formula.

The question of ways of creating a spatial continuum in the early stories of I. A. Bunin “On the wrong side”, “On the farm” and “On the Donets”, united by a single principle of nomination and included in the first book of the writer’s prose “To the end of the world” (1897) is considered in the article. The semantics of the title actualizes the spatial component of the author’s linguistic picture of the world, which determined the path of linguistic and stylistic analysis of the linguistic material of stories. The authors pay special attention to the means of lexical representation of space as one of the basic linguo-cognitive categories. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the language material has been identified, systematized and described, which makes it possible to determine the individual author's characteristics in the creation of the spatial continuum of I. A. Bunin’s early stories. The relevance of the study is due to the appeal to the problems of cognitive linguistics. On the basis of statistical, descriptive and linguo-cognitive methods of analysis, the authors identify and describe the means of lexical representation of the spatial model created in the stories of I. A. Bunin, which is characterized by a clear structuredness and individuality of the author’s approach. In the course of the study, the authors come to conclusions that make it possible to characterize the features of the construction of space in the early stories of the writer, taking into account the individual characteristics of the author's world modeling, and also to analyze the linguistic parameters of the idiostyle of I. A. Bunin.

The article continues a series of works devoted to the Russian reception of the Scottish writer James Hogg (1770—1835), a famous interpreter of folk ballads and author of “The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner” (1824). The facts and materials related to the perception of J. Hogg in Russia in the middle of the XIX — early XX century are collected and summarized. It is noted that during the period under review, no new translations of J. Hogg's poetry and prose into Russian were created, however, in the articles of leading literary critics (N. G. Chernyshevsky, M. L. Mikhailov, A. V. Druzhinin) when analyzing the works of N. V. Gogol, T. Goode, the translation activity of I. S. Turgenev expressed opinions on certain aspects of the biography and work of the Scottish author. It has been established that the main source of information about J. Hogge and his work was for the Russian reader of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries translated publications on the history of English literature and culture, other books by Western European researchers published in Russia. The manifestations of interest of Russian researchers and popularizers of English literature in the work of J. Hogg are comprehended, with special attention paid to the article by N. A. Solovyov-Nesmelov “James Hogg”, which was a literary sketch about the childhood of the writer, and the essay by K. F. Tiander the novel of the first quarter of the 19th century, which offers a different assessment from the predecessors of the Scottish author’s activities as a continuer of the traditions of M. Edgeworth. 

The issue of conceptual correlation of Slavic stories about Savva Grudtsyn and Pan Tvardovsky with the concepts of “Faustian theme”, “Faustian legend” and “Faustian story” is considered. The question is raised about the legitimacy of referring the Slavic variants of the motive of the contract with the devil to the general group of similar motives by analogy with the “Faustian” one. A review of domestic and foreign scientific literature devoted to the difference and similarity of Slavic plots with the legend of Faust, as well as common sources and typological characteristics of the features of the “Faustian theme” is carried out. The results of a comparative analysis of texts about Faust, Savva Grudtsyn and Pan Tvardovsky are presented. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the anonymous work about Savva Grudtsyn with the novel by the Norwegian writer M. K. Hansen. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for solve this problem a systematic literary methodology is proposed in the key of historical poetics, based on the differentiation of the analysis of plots, motives, the system of characters and semantic accents of works. The relevance of the study is due to the introduction into scientific circulation of previously poorly studied texts of literature and folklore, in which the plot of a contract with a demon is seen. The definitions of specific motives are given, which make it possible to differentiate literary monuments according to the principle of a plot model and a system of characters. The author's development in relation to the sources of the specified plot type is presented. 

The article deals with the issues of architectonics of folklore texts of historical content: Russian and Ukrainian historical songs, historical ballads, dooms and epics. The relevance of the study is due to the search for a synchronous typological similarity between folklore texts of different ethnic, generic, genre, and poetic nature. Special attention is paid to three aspects of the organization of the song plot: its compositional layering, the combination of several principles in it; the plot meaning of allomotives, explicating the material principle; their styling. The definitions of the material and spiritual principles are given. The objective existence of typological similarities at the level of the allomotive organization of Russian and Ukrainian texts related to the classical, traditional and stage-by-stage types of creativity in the field of historical song folklore is shown. It is shown that this similarity can be explained by the reflection in the texts of vital, everyday empiricism and can acquire different stylistic incarnations: reduced everyday, ascertaining, idealizing. The question is raised about the reasons for the axiological differences in the Russian and Ukrainian folklore traditions. It is proved that the explication of the material principle can have different meanings in the organization of the song plot: optional, meaningful within a fragment of the text, plot-forming. 

The problem of the axiology of the subject of declarative-publicistic poetry is considered in the article. The concepts of “publicistic poetry”, “declarative-publicistic poetry”, “propaganda poetry” are commented on. On the basis of a number of works devoted to the image of the “new woman”, which was actual in the proletarian poetry of the 1920s and 1930s, the elements defining the axiology of the subject are revealed. The collection of Soviet Kabardian poetry “First step” is researched. The purpose of the article is to reveal the nuances of value, which in the national “variants” of Soviet literature supplemented the canons of expression of a typical subject that have developed in Russian propaganda poetry. Attention is paid to the semantic content of the poetic “we”, the spatial and temporal aspects of the representation of the poetic subject, the nature of the relationship of the poetic statement subject to the main character. The axiological subtext of the details of clothing is demonstrated in the context of the opposition of two temporal plans, which is relevant for agitation poetry. It is proved that the representation of the subject of agitation poetry at the junction of two time plans is for the authors of “The First Step” the most functional aspect of his axiology. The relevance of the study is determined in the light of the problem of intercultural interaction, the perception by a particular culture of ways of expressiveness that are uncharacteristic for it, the formation of an unusual subject of poetic thinking.

The article is devoted to the study of the collection of historical anecdotes about Peter the Great by J. Shtelin (1709—1785), first published in 1785 in German in Leipzig. It is proved that historical anecdotes (about Peter the Great) as a genre of literature appeared in Russia in the second half of the 1730s. According to the author, they appeared on the basis of the stories about Peter the Great that were widespread in society. It is reported that the first collection of historical anecdotes about Peter the Great created by Jakob Shtelin is a collection of 34 anecdotes from 1744. It is noted that later on he created collections of 95, 110 and 117 anecdotes. The study has shown that Shtelin's historical anecdotes are the result of a deep literary reworking of the messages and legends he heard. It is revealed that Jakob Shtelin worked on the transformation of the sketches written by him, based on the oral stories he heard, into historical anecdotes for over 40 years. It is argued that as a result, the publication of his historical anecdotes in 1785 was a resounding success in Europe, including Russia, and marked the beginning of the flourishing of this genre in Russia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 

An overview of scientific and critical works devoted to the study of Soviet uncensored poetry as a historical and literary phenomenon in general and the work of its key personalities, in particular is presented in the article. The relevance of the work is due to the lack of study of this segment of Russian literary criticism of the 20th century and the need to systematize the accumulated experience of evaluating and interpreting underground poetic culture in order to identify promising directions for its further scientific development. The article focuses, first, on the samizdat criticism of the uncensored poets of the 1980s. Such features of their artistic writing as culture-centricity, impersonality, autonomy of poetry due to the rejection of the “Aristotelian mimesis” and the reorientation of the poetic utterance to “the language itself”, etc. are characterized. Secondly, the author considers the formation in the scientific-critical discourse of the postmodernist concept of the development of Russian literature, in the light of which such underground style movements as “metarealism” and “conceptualism” are presented as the most representative phenomena of poetic postmodernism. Thirdly, it is indicated that in literary criticism of the 2000s-2010s, a number of scientific concepts were proposed that limit the research field of application of postmodern theory to Russian poetry of the second half of the 20th century (“neomodernism”, “transavant-garde”, “post-realism”). Fourth, it is determined that the development of the legacy of the Soviet poetic underground in modern literary science occurs primarily from the standpoint of a systematic study of the poetics and axiology of the work of nonconformist poets and the identification of the genetic links of their poetry with the Russian modernist and avant-garde tradition of the early 20th century.

The period of the struggle of South (Iraqi) Kurdistan for self-determination, namely such events as its transformation into the center of the Kurdish national movement in the Middle East and the proclamation of the Kurdish Autonomous Region (KAR) in 1974 is considered. The creation of a legal precedent, which has acquired an international character, is commented on. The recognition by the Iraqi government of the right of the Kurds to territorial autonomy is assessed as an undoubted success of the national movement of the Kurdish minority. It is noted that the development of the draft of Interim Constitution was preceded by a long discussion between Shiite Arabs, Sunni Arabs and Kurds on the future administrative structure of the country. It is shown that the Baathist regime was not going to solve the Kurdish problem in the country on a truly democratic basis, but only created the appearance of a solution to the issue in order to remove internal and international tensions. The author dwells on the repressive measures of the government of Saddam Hussein against the Kurds. The mass character of repressive measures during the Iranian-Iraqi war of 1980—1988 is emphasized.

The influence of the Kronstadt mutiny (March 1921) on the change in the economic course of the Bolsheviks is analyzed. The results of a comparative analysis of different conceptual approaches to its interpretation as a factor of influence are presented. The authors consider the food dictatorship to be the fundamental principle of war communism, periodically softened by campaigns to endow workers with “privileges” in the form of the right to transport food; contemporaries talked about “benefits”. An overview of events, which allows us to consider “privileges” as the main factor in the activation of illegal market relations in 1918—1921is provided in the article. Its novelty lies in the attribution of the Kronstadt mutiny as an essential reason for the transition of the Leninist leadership not to the NEP, but to the next “privileged” operation. At the same time, the authors of the article argue that the accumulation of concessions (“privileges”), accelerated by the rebellion, led in August 1921 to the legalization of freedom of trade and to the NEP. Great attention is paid to the issue of the social basis of the mutiny, since, among other things, the authors see the sources of fearlessness and despair of the insurgents in this circumstance. A. Davydov and V. Khutsieva prove that the rebels primarily acted on behalf of that part of the peasantry that managed to save their bread from the Bolshevik requisitions. 

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political process of Germany’s abandonment of nuclear energy. The results of a comparative analysis of government decisions taken over the course of one decade, but different in nature and having different consequences for the nuclear industry are presented in the paper. Special attention is paid to the issue of interaction between the government and energy companies in the context of the decisions of 2002 and 2011. It is shown that the abandonment of atomic energy in 2002 was a compromise solution, taking into account both the political desire of society to stop the operation of the nuclear power plant, and the economic interests of energy concerns. The author analyzes the consequences of the unilateral decision of the FRG government in 2011, infringing on the interests of the nuclear lobby, which led to many years of litigation that ended in favor of energy concerns. A review of the final compromise agreements between the companies and the government governing the issue of fair compensation for the early shutdown of nuclear power plants was carried out. Based on a comparative analysis of the two decisions on Germany’s withdrawal from nuclear energy and their consequences, it is concluded that, when entire industries are closed for political reasons, consultations with the involvement of all interested parties are necessary to work out an acceptable compromise. 

The process of development of an elementary church school in Ossetia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries is considered. It is shown that, being under the auspices of the spiritual department, the church school in Ossetia evolved in accordance with the guidelines set by the government policy in the field of education, but the transformation process had its own specifics. It is reported that the establishment and support of church schools was exclusively concerned with the Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus. It was found that church schools were in demand among the mountain peasantry, who sought to get at least an elementary education that performed important adaptive functions in the context of the collapse of traditional life and the formation of a new social reality in the post-reform period. It is emphasized that the lack of state support over time deprived the parish school of incentives and prospects for development. It is argued that the church school in Ossetia, unable to withstand competition with secular educational institutions, by 1917 was already practically incapable of fulfilling its educational tasks and therefore ceased to satisfy the local population, which began to show interest in secular educational institutions of the elementary level, which more fully met the increased educational demands.

The activities of one of the typical representatives of the Russian regional bureaucracy of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries — Viktor Vilhelmovich von Wal as governor of Vilnius province, which he held from 1901 to 1902 is examined in the article.  Particular attention is paid to the circumstances of his appointment to this position, which was due to attempts at administrative reorganization of the management of the northwestern outskirts of Russia. A brief analysis of the socio-political situation that had developed by the beginning of the 20th century in the Vilnius province is given and it is indicated that the most acute problem during this period was the active labor movement, which had a mixed socio-ethnic character in the region. It is concluded that the management model implemented by von Wahl, which was based on the traditional administrative-power dominant, did not correspond to the situation in the region and provoked an increase in the degree of violence in the province. It is noted that, despite the short-term tenure of von Waal as governor of Vilna, it had a number of important consequences, demonstrating the premature liquidation of the institution of the governor-general in the region and the need to soften the administrative policy towards the local population.

Issues related to the level of consumption by the population of the USSR in the “perestroika” period of its history are considered. In order to conduct an objective historical analysis of the problem, the authors used materials from the funds of three archives, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It is emphasized that the second half of the 1980s was crucial for the Soviet Union, becoming the last five years in its difficult history. The results of a comparative analysis of food consumption by the population of the Sverdlovsk region in the study period are presented. A clear discrepancy between the level of consumption of a number of food products by the population of the Middle Urals and the norms of their scientifically grounded rational consumption is determined. The emphasis is made on the fact that in the diet of Soviet citizens there was always a very shortage of vegetables, melons, fruits and, to some extent, fish products. It is proved that the chronic underconsumption of these products was to a certain extent “compensated” by the increased consumption of sugar, confectionery and dairy products, and in the difficult 1940s–1950s — bakery products and potatoes.  It is concluded that it is not necessary to overly dramatize the “material” factor in the development of disintegration processes that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. 

The materials of pre-revolutionary periodicals of Yakutia of the late 19th — early 20th centuries, containing information about the life of sectarian Eunuchs in the region are analyzed in the article. The reference to these sources is necessary in order to reconstruct the history of the scavenger in connection with the current interest in modern science in the publications of the regional print press, which were not previously taken into account by the researchers. The novelty of the research lies in the replenishment of knowledge of the history of skopstvo in Yakutia due to the introduction of new historical sources into scientific circulation. An analysis of the materials of the Yakut press allows us to conclude that the role of Eunuchs in the development of arable and truck farming in Yakutia remained an urgent topic years after their release from exile. The authors pay special attention to the coverage of the everyday side of skopic life on the pages of periodicals. The similarity of news stories about sectarians form a stable idea of the relationship of Eunuchs with the local population, lifestyle and models of behavior in the Yakut reality of the late 19th — 20th centuries. 

The article is devoted to the creation and functioning of the institute of sympathizers of the AUCP(b) in the West Siberian Territory in February 1934 — September 1937. On the basis of a wide range of sources, including those introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the reasons, prerequisites and circumstances of the revival of this institute are considered. Among other things, it was established that the formation of groups of sympathizers in Western Siberia began later than in other regions of the USSR, and only after their existence was officially enshrined in the Charter of the AUCP(b). The article reveals the main ways of recruiting groups of sympathizers, traces the dynamics of their number in the West Siberian region, clarifies the quantitative and qualitative composition. It is shown that the institution of sympathizers had serious potential, which, nevertheless, was not realized due to such subjective factors as the weakness of the organizational and ideological work of local party organizations. It was concluded that neither in the West Siberian Territory, nor in the USSR as a whole, the institution of sympathizers did not cope with the role assigned to it as the main personnel reserve of the AUCP(b). 

The issues of studying the time budgets of various categories of the Soviet population in the 1920s — early 1930s is examined in the article. Special attention is paid to the role of leisure in the everyday life of the Soviet person and the reasons for its insufficient prevalence. The results of a comparative analysis of materials on the study of the role of leisure in the time budgets of workers, students, engineers, party workers are presented. The question is raised about the difference in the place of leisure in the time budgets between men and women, as well as residents of capitals and provinces. The provisions and methods of historical anthropology, the history of everyday life and leisure, problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods are used the article. A review of the general and specific features for various categories of the population in the time spent on leisure has been carried out.  An assessment of the degree of representativeness of the results of the studies of time budgets carried out in the period under consideration is given. It is concluded that the time that the legislation relied on for rest in practice was either engaged in work or wasted unproductively. It was proved that the main reasons for this were the irregularity of the working day, additional work and irrational organization of free time.

On the basis of archival sources brought into scientific circulation for the first time, extracted from the fund of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the issue of public perception of the social and material conditions of life in the 1950—1980s is highlighted in the article. The problem of establishing new social archetypes, the formation of which becomes possible in the context of the approval of the newly acquired value foundations of economic behavior, the acceptability of informal economic practices, as well as activities aimed at strengthening material wealth is raised. The circumstances of the metamorphosis in the ideological attitudes and stereotypes of thinking of representatives of the party nomenklatura, production managers, top managers, workers and rural workers are commented on. Attention is paid to the issue of traditions of communality, collectivism, Soviet labor ideology. The author describes the reaction of the authorities to changes in the world order, which are expressed in the transformation of ideological constructs and paternalistic mentality-forming constants of the consciousness of the Russian people. The author comes to the conclusion that during the 1950—1980s, changes in everyday social ideas and traditions, mentality, thinking testified to the growing social division, which ultimately became the basis of the crisis of the 1990s. 

On the basis of archival sources, the experience of the evacuation of socially disadvantaged children of Karelia to the Kharkov province in 1919—1920 is revealed, the life support system of the “state child” in the Giev colony is analyzed. The study of this specific method of providing social assistance to children, used in the extreme conditions of the Civil War, made it possible to reveal the complexity and riskiness of such activities. The central place in the article is devoted to the study of the food issue, the supply of uniforms and other problems of providing for the colonists. The organizational component of the process of evacuation and re-evacuation of children is characterized, changes in the material base of the colony are shown, problems in the implementation of educational work within the institution are identified. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the medical and sanitary services for the inmates of the Giev colony with the definition of the sanitary and hygienic conditions of life in the institution, the availability of personal hygiene items for the children, as well as their examination by doctors. It is shown in the article that the supply of food and clothing for the inmates of the colony almost completely fell on the shoulders of its employees, who had to independently attract additional funding, improve the material living conditions of children, and look for the necessary resources for the development of subsidiary farming and workshops.