The linguocultural features of the representation of the grammatical future tense in the Russian and German languages are analyzed in the article. The results of a comparative analysis of grammatical forms with the semantics of the future tense are presented. The material for empirical research was the direct speech of works of art, from which examples with grammes of the future tense were extracted by the method of continuous sampling. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the grammatical forms of the future tense in Russian and German languages: in both languages there are two grammatical forms with a primary and two forms with a secondary meaning of futurality. It is noted that there is a similarity in semantics, structure and frequency between the future imperfect and future I, on the one hand, and the future perfect and futural present, on the other. The data of the historical development of grammatical forms are brought into consideration. The novelty of the research is seen in the assumption made in the work about the possible influence of the peculiarities of the cultural development of the speakers of the German and Russian languages on the discrepancies formed over time in the system of grammatical forms of futurality of these languages.

The article deals with the study of the phonological system of vowels in the German island dialects of the Kirov region, as well as the identification of common constitutive elements (phonemes) and the peculiarities of their functioning. The belonging of variants of one phoneme was determined by the authors not only with the help of distributive analysis, but also with their general acoustic properties. The results of the analysis of the phonological vowel system and its implementation in the German island dialects are presented. The general constitutive acoustic parameters of sound types and the peculiarities of their functioning have been revealed. The relevance of the presented study is due to the fact that the problem of establishing the phonological status of vocal segments is solved, in contrast to traditional approaches, based not on articulatory, but on acoustic characteristics in combination with perceptual analysis, which makes it possible to determine the phonological status of variants of speech sounds, including in weak positions. The author's technique of computer analysis of speech flow, its perceptual assessment and solution based on the acoustic structure of the functional significance of variants of phonemic implementations is presented.

The lexical neologisms of the modern English language, which appeared in the period 2020—2021, are investigated. The units that have appeared under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic and represent the modern content of the linguistic concept PANDEMIC in English in terms of possible reference of the semantics of the language with the ethnic cultural codes of modern carriers of this linguoculture are analyzed separately. The results of the analysis, which make it possible to predict the transition of individual neologisms from the elements of speech to the composition of the language are presented. The linguistic perspectives of the functioning of neologisms that appeared during the period from the beginning of the pandemic to the present moment, as well as the prospects for the functioning of separately taken derivational components such as pan-, cov-, demic, corona- are considered. The characteristic features of the neologisms of the 2020 and 2021 pandemic are analyzed separately in order to identify development trends and then predict the possibility of their survival in modern English. The selected neological units are examined for compliance with the fudge factor developed by the American neologue A. Metcalfe. This classification is complemented by the parameters developed by domestic researchers in the field of neology. Conclusions are made about potentially different prospects for the survival of neologisms in terms of form and content.

The article considers a new for the Chinese society philosophy of young people’s lifestyle represented by the concept of TANG PING (to lie flat). The study relevance is due to the tendency for emergence of words and expressions that represent new phenomena of reality in the Chinese language. It is noted that in 2021, the expression to lie flat has become popular in China, and the phenomenon that it designates has been actively discussed not only in everyday Internet communication, but also in the media. It is shown that several publications on this topic have also appeared in the Russian Internet discourse. The article analyzes the perception of the precisely translated Chinese expression to lie flat as a symbol of the contemporary Chinese culture by the Russians based on Internet texts and the online survey results. It is shown that the Chinese concept is closely related to the Russian literary phenomenon “Oblomovism”. There are presented the views of Chinese researchers on “Oblomovism” and its similarities and differences with the new phenomenon in the life of young generations of the Chinese society. The practical significance of the study lies in clarifying the semantic volume of the expression tang ping (to lie flat) as a linguistic unit naming a current phenomenon in the life of a modern developed society which has become widespread not only in China, but also in other countries.

The issue of invariance of tactics representing the communicative strategy of the politician of the highest echelon of US power in personality self-presentation and status-conditioned discourse is considered. The research material consisted of 349 posts extracted from Kamala Harris’s personal blog on Twitter from January to July 2021 and 665 posts selected from the politician’s official blog during this period. The relevance of such studies is explained by the need to clarify the theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis of political Internet discourse, taking into account the status of the addressee. The novelty of this research lies in the identification of tactics that actualize the strategy under study on the basis of personality and status-based discourse. The novelty of the work is also due to the fact that the tactics of self-presentation of the politician are studied in a comparative aspect. As a result of the research in personality-conditioned discourse, such tactics as solidarity, appeal, illustration of achievements, gratitude, identification, hypertrophy of the “I-theme” were identified. In the status-conditioned discourse, the authors recorded the tactics of solidarity, appeal, illustration of achievements, gratitude, identification, exaggeration of the “I-theme”, promises. The linguistic techniques that actualize the tactics of selfpresentation in personality and status-conditioned discourse are described.

The problem of actualization of anthropomorphic metaphorical features in the figurative content of the ISLAND concept is considered. The object of the research is the ISLAND concept as a cultural concept. The subject of the research is the anthropomorphic metaphorical features included in the figurative content of the ISLAND concept, and the means of their linguistic verbalization. On the basis of the classifications of the main types of metaphorical transfers and the main types of figurative-metaphorical signs in the content of the concept, a classification of anthropomorphic metaphorical signs that are included in the figurative content of the ISLAND concept is proposed. As a result of the analysis, five main groups of anthropomorphic metaphorical features have been identified: 1) gender; 2) physiological properties; 3) somatic affiliation; 4) the physical properties of a person; 5) mental properties. It is shown that the feature of the female is present in the figurative content of the concept under study. It is noted that such parts of the human body as the head, heart, spine, as well as physical actions: coming, lying, standing, etc. are most often metaphorized. A number of physiological and mental properties of a person are revealed, which are subject to metaphorization: the ability to live, visual ability, feelings of happiness and tranquility.

The question of the functioning of short and clipped forms of the adjective in Russian spiritual poetry is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of study of spiritual poetry from the point of view of language and the opportunity to consider the interaction of oral and written traditions, secular and Christian culture, which are closely intertwined in the folklore genre of spiritual poetry. The novelty of the research is seen both in an attempt to solve one of the “eternal questions” of the Russian linguistic tradition, concerning the ratio of adjective forms, and in the material used for study: the texts from the Scientific Archive of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Phonogram Archive of the YALI Institute of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, collected in XX century on the territory of present-day Karelia and included in the collection “Spiritual Poems of the Russian North”, which had not previously been the object of research in terms of the use of the linguistic units under consideration. It is shown that the analysis of short and clipped forms of adjective functioning in spiritual verses contributes to the identification of the linguistic specificity of the works of this folklore genre. The conclusion is made about the dual nature of spiritual verses, which determines the predominance of clipped attributive forms of the adjective over the actual short forms.

The article presents a review of the current state of research on distance interpreting (DI), which is defined as information and communication technology-enabled interpreting. The relevance of this study is associated with the rapid development and dissemination of remote interpreting technology fuelled by the restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses DI taxonomy and examines terminology used to refer to various DI modalities in academic and professional discourse. Names of DI services used on the websites of the major Russia’s language service providers are also discussed. The study shows that both Russian and English terminology used in the field of DI is varied and lacks stability. The article presents a short review of theoretical and methodological approaches applied in the key English-language studies of telephone interpreting, videoconference interpreting, and remote simultaneous and consecutive interpreting in different social contexts. The author pays attention to the results of a variety of studies, and describes the categories of “presence”, adaptation and multisensory integration that are essential to the interpretation of translation strategies and the nature of stress caused by DI.

The semantic and pragmatic features of palindromes are considered as an important component of the Russian linguistic picture of the world. The question of establishing the scope and boundaries of the concept of “palindrome” is raised, the specificity of the analysis and interpretation of palindromes in modern linguistic science is characterized, the author’s schemes and classifications of palindromes are proposed based on their structure and semantics. Particular attention is paid to palindromes as an example of linguistic creativity, present both in a literary text and in virtual communication. A review of linguistic research on polyndromia is made. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive linguistic analysis of palindromes is carried out as an element of Internet communication, highlighting the most valuable topics and ideas that underlie the modeling of palindromes. It is proved that when palindromes are implemented in the current Internet space, their specificity changes: in contexts, there is a shift in emphasis from aesthetics (form) to pragmatics (content) of palindromes, which fully corresponds to the idea of an anthropocentric paradigm and a semantic-cognitive approach in the study of language.

An attempt is made to analyze euphemized and non-euphemized versions of statements using the example of headings of short exchange messages. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the causes and situations of the appearance of hedge euphemisms in the German language, as well as their functioning in economic discourse. The definitions, classifications and functional features of euphemisms and hedging tools in linguistics are considered. Particular attention is paid to the camouflaging function of euphemisms. The authors of the article designate euphemized statements that perform a camouflaging function with the term hedge euphemisms. The authors have collected messages (IndexCheck) of the Stuttgart Stock Exchange for investors and traders about changes in quotations from January to July 2021. It has been established that hedge euphemisms are found primarily in reports of a decline in the index. It is shown that message headers are classified depending on the presence of a component with a euphemistic coloration in them. It is noted that the ratio of euphemized and noneuphemized statements is approximately 2 : 1. It is argued that the authors of hedge euphemisms modify negative situations by resorting to the denomination process in order to mask the lexemes denoting negative situations from the point of view of investors.

The epic synthesis in the works of I. S. Turgenev on the example of his last novel “Nov” is examined in the article. It is noted that the writer had high hopes for this work, since the novel was supposed to show Turgenev’s true position in relation to the Russian people and the future of Russia. It is pointed out that in “Nov” there is no extensively revealed theme of peasant life, but it does not recede into the background: Turgenev represents a collective image of the people, evaluates events from the people’s point of view. It is emphasized that the writer’s attention to the reaction of the public, conditioned by the desire not only to present the most complete picture of life in Russia, but also to show the reader timeless samples of meaningful life, rising above various “questions”, allows us to talk about the epic breadth of the novel. The author of the article proves that the artistic world of “Nov” can be read “layer by layer”, reaching the key meanings: behind the external clashes of political forces is the problem of the relationship between people, their willingness to help each other. Parallels are drawn between the three essays added to the book “Notes of a Hunter” and individual episodes of the novel “Nov”, their ideological and artistic connection is proved. It is concluded that the work of the late Turgenev cannot be analyzed without considering the opposition between the dramatic elements of destruction and the creative force, which is based on the Orthodox world outlook.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the confessional model of the image of a person in the popular prints of Old Believers-chapels of the Yenisei “Two Roads — Two Ways”. The novelty of the research is due to the introduction of new sources into scientific circulation. The relevance of the work lies in the appeal to the modern processes of artistic creation in the Old Believer environment of chapel communities. The material for the study was the texts of popular prints and spiritual literature, which were created among the Old Believers-chapels of Siberia, collected in the expeditions of 2018—2021 on the Yenisei in the Old Believer communities of chapel accord. The visual and verbal means of embodying ideas about the sinfulness of the modern world, subjecting people to temptations, about the correct life scenario of a person belonging to a closed Old Believer community, are analyzed. It is noted that the image and the text form a unity and serve to confirm the concept of the life of the community member. In addition to the print “Two Roads — Two Ways”, the verses “Think, a poor man” and “Motivation to fight against sin” were analyzed. The authors come to the conclusion that the verbal and visual components of the studied works represent the values of the Old Believer communities, which make it possible to characterize them as marginal, closed, traditionalist and eschatological.

The issue of Altai fairy tales and heroic legends in the context of the 1920—1980s Soviet politics of memory is considered. Attention is paid to the participation of carriers of folklore traditions, folklorists, translators, writers, poets and editors in the creation of collections of Altai fairy tales. The specificity of their activities at different historical stages is characterized. The relevance of the study is due to the growing scientific and public interest in oral folk art in connection with the formation and development of the cultural memory of the peoples of Russia as the basis of social identities. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the publication of editions of Altai folk tales and heroic legends, collected, processed and published in Soviet times, is considered as a means of forming the cultural memory of Altai and other peoples of our country about the historical past of Altai Mountains. The authors note that Altai fairy tales, the publications of which have experienced a serious impact of the state politics of memory, have become the property of book culture rather than a living tradition of oral folk art. It is shown that in the late Soviet and early post-Soviet periods, book editions of fairy tales in the mass consciousness began to be perceived as a significant source for the interpretation of the historical past of the Altai ethnos.

The question of the self-identity crisis of the heroes of literary works at the turn of the century is considered. Particular attention is paid to the bodily transformations of characters as a sign of the loss of personal identity. The relevance of the study is due to the need to fill the existing lacunes in modern literary criticism on the problem of bodily metamorphosis, considered in the designated context. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that previously unexplored works of art by individual writers are analyzed. The authors offer an analysis of the most representative novels of the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries: “The Last Dream of Reason” by D. Lipskerov, “Second Body” by M. Pavich, “Box Man” and “Alien Face” by Kobo Abe. An analysis of works through the prism of V. Podoroga’s phenomenological theory of corporeality is presented in the paper; special attention is paid to the concepts of “body without skin” and “body outside the norm”. The idea of physicality and identity of J. Baudrillard is also reflected in the work. It is proved that in the novels there are several ways of bodily modifications: moving to another body or object, changes in the functions of internal organs, fusion with an object, which is interpreted by the authors as a sign of the loss and fruitless search for the personal identity of the heroes.

The narrative structure of the novel “Savely’s Days” by G. Sluzhitel is considered. It is determined that a polyphonic system of narrative instances is expressed in the novel, and the relationship between them is established. Methods of creating a subjective versatility of the text have been studied. It is noted that the genre of memories as a whole retains constant features, which include the methods of creating a chronotope. It embodys the image of a hero, while it is the very feature of the protagonist, who is an unreliable narrator, that leads to the transformation of the classical narration of memories and to the emergence of several subject-speech plans. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the narrative instances and the originality of their relationship in order to comprehend the narrative space of a work of art. The novelty is seen in the fact that the methods of creating the effect of polyphonic narration are determined on the basis of the material of the modern novel. The observation of the modern writer style formation is carried out. It has been proved that the polyphony of narrative images arises in the novel due to the fact that, technically, the story cannot be conducted only from the point of view of the cat-narrator, since this will significantly limit the discourse. The purpose of polyphony is to look at a modern person from different points of view, including a detached one.

The formation of national autonomies in the North-West Caucasus in 1920—1924 is considered. This issueis relevant for understanding the prerequisites for interethnic peace and harmony in Russian society, for the regulation of ethnic conflicts. The work is based on the paradigm of constructivism, on historical neo-institutionalism as applied to the typology of autonomies. The tendencies of the development of national-state building in the context of the formation of the USSR are revealed, the relationship of the autochthonous peoples of the North-West Caucasus (Adygs and Karachais) with the Slavic peoples is assessed. The factors that determined the features of the initial stage of the creation of the North-West Caucasus autonomies have been established. It was revealed that the party-state leadership had to solve simultaneously the tasks of restoring territorial entirety and integrating the space of the former empire. It is noted that it was necessary to raise the status of autochthonous peoples by granting them autonomy within the framework of the ethnic model of federalism and the “indigenousization” of the administrative apparatus. The causes of conflicts between ethnic groups and the authorities have been identified. It has been proved that national-state building pursued the goal of strengthening the power of the RCP (b). It is concluded that the national policy in the North-West Caucasus was carried out through a pragmatic response to the complex challenges of interethnic relations.

The question of the reasons for the failure to fulfill the oil production plans on the eve of the Great Patriotic War is considered. The relevance of study is determined by the topicality of discussions concerning various aspects of the country’s history in the pre-war years, the importance of learning lessons from historical experience in developing a further strategy for the country’s socioeconomic development. Particular attention is paid to identifying the factors that determined the slow development of the Ural-Volga oil region in the 1930s, and the circumstances that led to the change in the government course. It was concluded that the recommendations of I. M. Gubkin and his supporters were considered, but by the beginning of the war, the second oil base had not been created. It has been proven that invaluable experience in production and oil refining in the climatic conditions of the Volga region led to the discovery of new deposits during the war years, an increase in the importance of the region in providing fuel to the front. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, on the basis of a significant array of previously unpublished archival documents, other reasons for the very difficult situation that developed in the oil industry in the pre-war years are more accurately identified. It has been proven that among them: insufficiently effective management of the industry, poorly organized geological exploration, weak material and technical base, shortage of personnel, repression of prominent oil workers.

The article is devoted to the health care of Novonikolaevsk in the conditions of the civil war. Based on reference books, periodicals and previously unpublished archival sources, the author considers the development of healthcare in Novonikolaevsk in the prerevolutionary period. The process of creating new bodies and institutions that functioned in the summer of 1918 — in the autumn of 1919 is traced. The general sanitary-epidemic condition of the city is characterized. It was established that the health care system of Novonikolaevsk, the beginnings of which were laid in the first two decades after the city was founded, was not ready for the challenges of wartime. The facts are cited indicating that medical institutions could not cope with the influx of military personnel and refugees, many of whom were sick and were carriers of typhus. It was found that the sudden overpopulation of the city, the unsanitary conditions prevailing there, the lack of hospital beds, clean linen and medicines prevented not only the elimination, but even the simple localization of the epidemic. It was concluded that the pre-revolutionary health care system of Novonikolaevsk could not quickly adapt to the emergency conditions of the civil war, as a result of which, by November 1919, the local authorities almost completely lost control over the sanitary and epidemic situation in the city.

The relevance of the study is due to the low degree of study of the revisionist historian R. W. Van Olsteen views in historiography. The purpose of the article is to concretize the scientist’s views on the genesis of US foreign policy. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the creation of a conceptual framework for the intellectual biography of the researcher and determination of his assessment of the emergence of the United States foreign policy. The methodological complex of research consists of two levels: the first includes the principles of historicism, objectivity, consistency, the second — historical-chronological, historical-biographical, descriptive and prosopographic methods. A tendentiousness in the concept of the scientist is established in the article: throughout his career, he debunked the myth of American uniqueness. In this context, R. W. Van Olsteen considered the emergence of US foreign policy, which he associated exclusively with the British experience. It is proved that initially the scientist based his assessment on political realism (late 1930s — mid 1940s); and in a later period — a synthesis of history, political science and psychology (late 1940s — 1960s). The author revealed the failure of the historian’s theoretical developments and established the secondary nature of his assessment of the emergence of US foreign policy. The research results are focused on their application in the study of the history of the North American state.

The history of the emergence and development of the military topographic service in the Far East in the pre-Soviet period is considered. Close attention is paid to the prerequisites for the creation of the Amur military topographic department. The role of the ranks of the Corps of Military Topographers and the East Siberian Military Topographic Department in the annexation and development of the Amur Region and the Ussuri Region in the second half of the 19th century is shown. Changes in the numerical strength of the Amur military-topographic department are traced. The significance of topographic and astronomical-geodetic works for solving the problems of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire in the East Asian region is revealed. The activities of the Amur department in Manchuria, the participation of military topographers in the events of the Russian-Japanese war of 1904—1905 are disclosed in detail. The contribution of the Amur department to the economic development of the south of the Far East and Transbaikalia is revealed. The work of topographers in the framework of auxiliary measures for the construction of the Transsib and the Amur railway, during geological research in the Primorsko-Amur gold-bearing regions is presented. In conclusion the results are summarized, data that confirm that the activities of military topographers in the Far East were not limited to the performance of some military functions and was intended to ensure the interests of various government institutions and departments is provided.

The author considers actual and, despite the presence of a number of written medieval sources and a wide consideration of the topic in scientific literature, discussion questions about the Alans who were in the service of the Mongol Kaans and emperors of the Yuan dynasty, and about the time of the first appearance of the Alans in the Mongol service. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the question of establishing the time of the first appearance of the Alans in the service of the Mongols is solved in it through determining the time of the introduction of Mongol rule in the territory of the Ciscaucasia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis and correlation of information from the main medieval written sources about this event: Mongolian, Persian, Arab and Khorezm. The result of the study was the conclusion that the raid of the Mongol commanders Jebe and Subeday in the Ciscaucasia did not have any political consequences for Alania, and the information from written sources reporting that the Alans became part of the Jochi ulus in 1224 is either a form of a declaration about the intentions of the Mongol house that ruled at that time, or late chronicle inserts reflecting the state of affairs that developed after the Western campaign of the Mongols.

The migration movement of the population of Northern Iran to the Terek region in the era of its post-reform modernization in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries is considered. The reasons, nature, time and features of the migration history of the Iranians are considered. The novelty of the study lies in the identification of specific starting points of migration on the territory of Iran, routes of advancement on Russian territory and places of settlement in the Terek region. Particular attention is paid to the study of the social composition and economic adaptation of migrants. On the basis of archival sources, corrections were made to the prevailing ideas about social strata, about the labor nature of migration, and about the ethnic composition of migrants. Significant differences in the situation of migrants in the Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus are revealed. The dependence of these differences on the characteristics of the host society — the Terek region during the period of post-reform modernization of the economy and social development -is determined. The specifics of the arrangement of Iranian migrants in national regions of the region have been determined. It is concluded that ethnic entrepreneurship was the basis of the adaptation process and the life of migrants who made a significant contribution to the development of the region’s economy.

The relationship between S. I. Gessen and V. V. Zenkovsky, representatives of Russian philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and social thought, is considered as an episode of the intellectual history of the Russian diaspora. It is argued that the image of S. I. Gessen, formed in the scientific works and memoirs of a famous teacher, complements the idea of his personality, of the position S. I. Gessen held in the scientific, pedagogical and social life of the emigration. An analysis of the relationship between two thinkers over a quarter of a century is presented. The conclusion is drawn about the “internal dialogue” between them, which developed on the pages of emigre periodicals, was recorded in correspondence with like-minded people and became the subject of reflection and self-reflection in scientific works. The author pays special attention to assessments of the theoretical contribution of S. I. Gessen to Russian and European philosophical and pedagogical thought, which are given in reviews and surveys, the essay “Russian Pedagogy in the XX century” and “History of Russian Philosophy”. It is shown that in this context, the responses to the death of S. I. Gessen and memories of him, which make it possible to determine the attitude of V. V. Zenkovsky not only to S. I. Gessen the thinker, but also to man, acquire great importance.

The work of Claude de Seyssel “The Great French Monarchy” is considered in the context of new data on the development of historical writing in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. It is noted that this treatise is not similar to the traditional historical works of the era of humanism, since in it the ancient idealism in the field of assessing social structures was replaced by explicit realism in the understanding that the basis of social relations was the nobility. Attention is paid to the method and approach that distinguishes this treatise, considering the views on the development of science, formulated by M. Foucault. It is indicated that de Seyssel considered the Renaissance an era of imitation and comparison, and only the time of the scientific revolution of the 17th — 18th centuries as a period of interest in the analysis of the structure of society and power. It is shown that, at the same time, in the work of de Seyssel, written around 1519, we see precisely the method of structural analysis, and not a comparative narrative. The authors conclude that, like the Venetian historian Domenico Morosini, who did not idealize the Venetian Republic, de Seissel did not idealize the French monarchy and viewed it as the power of the noble class in all its aspects.

A little-known fact in the history of churchstate relations on the territory of Siberia is considered: the reforms that affected theological schools and public education in 1918—1919. The relevance of the study is due to the unresolved problems of teaching religious subjects in modern Russia. The author’s attention is focused on the figure of Vasily Vasilyevich Sapozhnikov, an outstanding researcher and geographer, traveler who during the Civil War held the post of Minister of Public Education in the anti-Bolshevik governments. The most important event is covered — the Siberian Council Meeting of 1918, which was a continuation of the Local Council of 1917—1918 at the local level. It is shown that it was at the end of 1918 in Tomsk that representatives of non-Bolshevik political parties, public figures and clergy tried to resolve the long-awaited issue of changes in the structure of spiritual education in Russia, as well as in the reform of teaching the Law of God in Russia. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it managed to combine the literature about Vasily Sapozhnikov published over the past decades with the recently published documents on the Siberian Council Meeting.

The issues of the Soviet-German confrontation in Iran in the second half of the 30s are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the exacerbation in the last decades of the scientific dispute about the reasons for the occupation of Iran during the Second World War by the Soviet Union and Great Britain. The novelty of the research is associated with the introduction into scientific circulation of archival sources on the topic previously inaccessible to researchers, allowing them to more deeply explore the issues raised. The author proves that Hitler’s Germany on the eve of World War II strongly pressed the USSR, Great Britain and other European countries in the economy, politics and information and propaganda spheres of Iran. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the loss of positions in Iran by Moscow and London caused the Soviet Union and Great Britain to strive for revenge and became the leading motive for the introduction of troops and the occupation of Iran in 1941, after the German attack on the USSR. It is argued that the occupation of the northern part of Iran for the Soviet Union was primarily a situation of restoring previously lost positions, which made it possible to build and try to implement new geopolitical plans.

The question of how the abolition of serfdom in 1861 was covered in the Russian regional press is considered in the article. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, using the example of “Vyatskiye Gubernskiye Vedomosti”, it is shown how publications about the peasant reform changed in 1861—1911. The conclusion is made about the importance of regional official publications for the formation of public opinion, which contributed to the transformation. The greatest attention is paid to publications of the 1860s, since it was during this period that the newspaper showed the greatest interest in the reform, which needed public support. The author notes that on the pages of “Gubernskiye Vedomosti” a variety of materials were published on the abolition of serfdom. They performed the functions of informing, popularizing transformations, establishing interaction with the public, and others. It is shown that the Manifesto of February 19, 1861, the circulars of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on peasant affairs, extracts from the journals of the “provincial presence on peasant affairs” informed the population about the progress of the reform, presenting ways to resolve the arising problems. It is concluded that the news and journalistic articles demonstrated an expression of loyal gratitude to Alexander II the Liberator from various strata of the population, especially peasants.

Using the example of Siberia, the implementation of collection activities in support of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (RKKA) on the Western Front is examined in the article. Attention is drawn to the fact that the initiative to carry out such actions came from the country’s leadership and the party apparatus. The main stages of preparation and holding of the “Week of Help to the Western Front” both in cities and in the countryside of Siberia in the summer and autumn of 1920 are investigated in detail. The relevance of the study is due to both the appeal to the topic of the Soviet-Polish war as a whole, and the reconstruction of the general picture of the situation in Siberian society after the establishment of Soviet power. Based on the involvement of a wide range of sources, the main forms of collecting donations have been identified: deductions from wages; transfer of funds from the sale of tickets for performances and concerts, reception of things and products, etc. It is concluded that the conduct of fundraising campaigns for the needs of the Red Army in Siberia had a wide practice and took place in difficult economic conditions associated with the recently ended Civil War and food appropriation.