The results of the complex analysis of the works of English-language popular scientific discourse are presented. The analysis was based on cognitive-linguistic and pragmatic-discursive approaches. Special attention is paid to highlighting the discursive mechanisms of promotion of elements of special (scientific) knowledge with further theoretical and methodological justification of the identified categories and exemplification. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the main hypothesis of the research is the presence of a prototypical model of a special promotion of special (scientific) knowledge that contains invariant discursive mechanisms, characterized by unified processes of conceptualization and categorization of the elements of this knowledge in the framework of communicative interaction. The author dwells on the methodology of research with the subsequent representation of each discursive mechanism. Among these mechanisms thee are thematic reduction, decrease of the density of informational content of discourse work, manifestation of linguistic creativity, use of determinologized lexical units, use of estimative elements, work with paratextual components of discursive works. The author comes to the conclusion that the designated underlying discursive mechanisms for the promotion of the elements of scientific knowledge are directly related to a violation of the principle of consistency as salience of proper scientific discourse. It is proved that such cognitive and discursive deconstruction, which is characterized by intentional functional-pragmatic dereglamintation and perlocutionary effect on the recipient, first and foremost, is the author’s strategy and the result of the author’s intentions that determine all subsequent structural component of popular scientific discourse works. It is noted that the author’s development involves further study of the multidimensional cognitive-discursive structure of popular scientific discourse, in general, and of its discursive mechanisms in particular, as a promising direction for a number of cognitive-linguistic and pragma-communicative studies.

The features of metaphorical modeling concepts of pedagogy and education are described in pedagogical discourse of Gennadiy Nikandrovich Volkov (1927-2010), the founder of ethno-pedagogy. Basic concepts of pedagogy are understood on the basis of national (ethnic) world-view of the author, his individual author’s concept sphere. The relevance of the study is determined by using the approaches to the study of metaphor - cognitive and pragmatic. Significance of the study also seems in the fact that the metaphorical world modeling in ethnopedagogical discourse makes possible the identification of basic metaphors with suggestive potential that is associated with the possibility of effective influence on the student. It is established that pedagogical science (in particular, ethno-pedagogy, folk pedagogy) in G. N. Volkov’s pedagogical discourse is personified and understood as the subject of interpersonal relationships, entering into dialogue with other sciences. The “personal education” refers to “construction work” performed by the environment throughout the life (so-called “immortal link between generations”). At that, the sequence of influence of each participant’s construction activities to the person is worked out in detail, their role in its formation is determined. The article focuses on ethnically marked beliefs of the author about the identity of the student as a result of the influence of creative activities of the ancestors. It is shown that Volkov has the idea of the eternity of education, which sets the eternity image of teacher and student.

The results of research in the field of terminology studies are presented. The content of synonymic terms conceptual category , type of concept , category of mental construct that are the key terms in this study is revealed. The typology of conceptual categories is discussed. The existing classifications of types of concepts, verbalized by the terms are given. The main objective of the study is a detailed examination of the typology of concepts introduced in the terminology of astrophysics. Attempt to divide the terms into categories distinguished to this area of scientific knowledge is made. The percentage of terminological lexical units that appear in each of the categories is given. The paper identifies the most and the least frequent conceptual categories, which are expressed in the terms belonging to a given field of scientific knowledge. It is argued that the difference in the percentage of verbalization of the types of concepts are determined primarily by specific sub-language for special purposes, by example of which the study is conducted. The importance of studying the typology of terminological units for the analysis of the system organization of specialized vocabulary is proved. The prospects for further research in this direction are revealed. Material for analysis were Russian terminological lexical units extracted from terminological dictionaries and encyclopedias, as well as articles on specialized Internet-resources.

The achievement of functional equivalence in the translation of the dialogues of literary texts is discussed. The main objective of the study is to identify linguistic means of realization of the principle of functional equivalence in the translation of dialogues from Italian into Russian. To achieve the objective the comparative analysis is made of some fragments of the works of Italian writer A. Baricco “Ocean Sea”, “Silk” and their translations into Russian language. The analysis identifies linguistic transformations, enabling to make in text of the translation the communicative effect created by the original. Special attention is paid to the characteristic function of the dialogue, consists in the fact that this kind of speech communication is actively involved in creating the characters. The author also dwells on the stylistic features of dialogues that reflect the main features of spoken language. The theoretical part of the work defines the concepts of functional equivalence within the framework of current research on translation, in this connection, the importance of retaining in the text the translation of a communicative effect which has been modeled by the author in the text source is underlined. It is concluded about how to recreate the communicative effect of a text in translation from Italian to Russian language. The relevance of the study is to describe lexical and grammatical means of realization of the principle of functional equivalence, which can be applied in translational work.

The features of expressing emotions in the English language on a material of texts of fiction are discussed. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the problem of learning and expressing emotions is interdisciplinary problem (emotions are studied by representatives of various branches of science, linguists, psychologists, philosophers, culturologists). It is noted that researches in the field of expressing emotions and their ways pave the way for further identification of ethno-cultural specificity of expression of emotions in different languages and cultures and contribute to the development of emotiology that is an important interdisciplinary area of modern linguistics, linguistic ecology and ecolinguistics. Based on Turansky’s scale of the intensity and Lakoff’s theory of containers the examples of expressions of physical, mental and psycho-physical condition of the individual in the English language in different ways - graphic, morphemic, syntactic - are revealed in literary texts. It is emphasized that language has a whole arsenal of tools to reflect the emotional state of the individual, first of all predicates, expressing psycho-physical condition of the person. It is concluded that the application of Turansky’s scale of intensity and Lakoff’s theory of containers when describing expressions of emotions in language provides a great opportunity to analyze the whole arsenal of linguistic means of expression of emotions, what is the prospect for further research.

The article is devoted to peculiarities of the symbolism and ritual functioning of one of the attributes of the Russian wedding rituals of modern Udmurt Republic - a broom. The elements of the wedding ritual in which a broom was used as a ritual object are characterized. Dialectal nominations of ritual action with the broom are given. Features of the functions of this wedding item are summarized. It is shown that sweeping with a broom on the second or third day of the wedding symbolically marked the completion of the spatial transition of the bride and bringing her to the family of the husband. It is noted that the broom performed mediation function in the wedding divinations, and in customs of “riding the brooms” and “whipping mummers.” It is indicated that the purifying function of a broom in a traditional wedding ceremony of the Russian population of Udmurtia was manifested at the level of symbols and at the household level. Distant semantics of a broom is considered on the example of the description of the custom of “dispersing broom,” recorded by V. G. Boldyreva. It is shown that some other wedding attributes have similar functions. There is a significant degree of variation in symbolic content and ritual status of a broom, depending on the dialect and folklore traditions, kind of wedding episode and the purpose of its commission.

The problem of description of the social vocabulary functioning in different linguistic strata in certain historical periods is considered on the example of the lexical representations of the topic of bribery in the Russian language. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of a comprehensive description of the vocabulary of social interaction, including institutional relations, the scope of which includes bribery. It is shown that in the vocabulary of the Russian language this topic is represented by words, idioms and non-idiomatic expressions, as well as proverbs that reflect the perceptions of Russian native speakers of one of the parts of social interaction of citizens and government members. 312 linguistic facts, containing semes ‘bribery’, which are included in the structure of the meanings of the words that constitute the lexical-semantic field “Bribery” are identified. Ideographic net is developed, which determines the structure and composition of the field. It is noted that the semantic field center is the ideogram “the custom of taking bribes”; its key lexical represent is the noun bribery . The idea about this phenomenon as about custom is stated. Interpretive analysis of the contexts in which you use this concept is made. Based on the analysis it is concluded that proverbs objectify semantic components of the concept of custom: identifying, regulating, etc.

The article is devoted to the problem of the uniqueness of creativity of N. V. Gogol and his place in literature. The relevance of the work is determined by pendency of the issue, which literature researchers repeatedly addressed to. The author uses an interdisciplinary approach. The study is based on extensive literary material. Problem of finding the “key” to understanding the creativity and fate of N. V. Gogol rises from the lore point of view. A review of literature on the subject is given. It is shown that in the spiritual and creative fracture of the writer, and hence his growth, a significant role was played by moving from the Ukraine to Petersburg. The author dwells on the universality of Gogol as one of the national corollaries of duality, which became a fruitful imperative of his creativity, the key breakthrough - through Russian language and Russian themes - from the “provincial Dikanka” to the universal horizon. The article proves the idea that Petersburg in contrast with the Little Russia breaks (and forms) Gogol’s optics. It is noted that the writer did not remain in debt: there was “invasion of the Ukrainian wave with Gogol on the crest” in Russian culture (in the words of N. Piksanov). It is shown that the regional approach applicable to the figure of the writer allows to expand the possibilities of literary analysis. Also the question is raised about the relationship of reality and artistic fiction in the works by N. Gogol.

The principles of organization of author’s narrative in the ironic poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “Sashka” are examined. In the spotlight - combination of dissimilar poetic forms (stylistic and axiological) genetically ascending to the burlesque in Lermontov’s narrative. The author shows that in the poem “Sashka” a special intonation of the author’s manner of narration is created, which is characterized by the conspicuous switch from lyricism to irony, the clash of sublimely romantic and domestic, “physiological” or ironic plans, comic and serious, game with the reader, organizing the readers’ perception and stimulating his creative processes. Common in the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov methods of enhancing the artistic imagination of the reader and the organization of the reader’s perception are described, such as reasoning about the rules of narrative and written text; appeal to opinion and personal experience of the reader; mapping of personal experience and judgements of the narrator with the reader’s experience and common assessments; predicting a reader’s response; ironic dramatization of the epic moralizing; plot’s default and omissions. Thus in an ironic poem M. Yu. Lermontov creates the tone of the active author, whose opinion is offered to the reader in motion, in “unfinished” form.

The mythological concept of logocentrism, realized in T. N. Tolstaya’s novel “Kys’” is discussed. It is shown that the image of the Book as well as the image of the Word are the central ones. The author argues that the analysis of the aesthetic functions of this image is important for the understanding of the concept of the novel as a whole. The author believes that Tolstaya constructs a sort of art model of the national world, so the verbal practice in “Kys’” are inevitably relate to the national aspect. It is emphasized that the storyline and the images linked with a particular functioning of artistic word in the Russian culture are traditionally discussed in the framework of the problematics of literaturecentrism. Therefore, the article considers the world of “Kys’” firstly as the world of literaturocentrism, but in the end it is not such recognized: literaturecentrism as a sociocultural phenomenon in most cases is restricted to a specific time frame, while “Kys’” can be considered rather as transistorizes system. It is noted that Tolstaya in her works gives a broader interpretation to this phenomenon and interprets love to the word as part of the Russian mentality in general. Special attention is paid to the mythological practices as in the novel logocentrical strategies are linked mainly with them.

The issue of heterogeneity of the fantastic literature of the early 20^th century which is called science fiction is considered. It is argued that this term traditionally denotes three different kinds of fiction, which appeared almost simultaneously in the early 20^th century: science fiction itself (existed briefly), adventurous and philosophical fiction, and adventure fiction. It is noted that varieties differ from each other not only in structure and content, but also in terms of genre composition. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the genre approach is applied for the first time in the study of every variety of fantastic literature. The results of genre studies and genre forms for each variety of the fantastic literature of the early 20^th century are presented. For science fiction it is science fiction essay and scientema (the term is introduced for the first time). Adventurous and philosophical fiction transform adventurous genres of literature, primarily - geographical novel of adventure, adventure historical novel, crime genres. Adventurous fiction also uses the genres of the adventure literature, but does not transform them. It is also argued that a significant impact on all the varieties of fiction as well the works of “classical” canon was influenced by “literature of the supernatural” (G. Lovecraft).

For the first time the question of images and themes related to Orthodox religion and Orthodox culture in the diaries and literary works of the outstanding poet and writer, former prisoner of Stalinist camps, native of the Voronezh region Anatoly Vladimirovich Zhigulin (1930-2000) is raised. Object of research are the materials of the personal archive of the writer, received in 2011-2013 for permanent storage in the Voronezh literary Museum named after I. S. Nikitin. The diary entries of A. V. Zhigulin that open new, unknown pages of his life and creativity, make additional touches to the history of Russian journalism and literature are introduced into the scientific circulation,. Attempt is made to analyze the attitude of A. V. Zhigulin to matters of faith, religion, Orthodoxy at different stages of life and creative path of the writer. In the results of comparative analysis it is concluded that the basis of many poetic works and part of the text of the autobiographical novel “Black stones” on the theme of spirituality became diary entries by A. V. Zhigulin of different years. According to the author, archival materials and literary works by A. V. Zhigulin testify to his positive attitude to the Russian Orthodox Church, a high estimation of the role of Orthodoxy in the history of the state and the spiritual education of the people, the formation of personality, philosophy, moral development, and citizenship.

This article is an analysis of the practice of implementation and effectiveness of laws prohibiting cross-media ownership in Australia, the UK and the USA. The author pays attention to the evolution of antitrust laws in the field of media business and modern principles of their implementation, as well as traces the connections between the liberalization of antimonopoly regulation and intensification of the process of concentration of media ownership. The research urgency is attributable to the fact that the consolidation of media ownership today has reached a critical level and poses a serious threat to freedom of expression and media diversity in most countries of the world. In the present work this problem is explored on the example of activity of the companies “News Corp” and “XXI Century Fox” owned by R. Murdoch. The author analyses the acquisition transactions of print and broadcast media (already completed by R. Murdoch and currently under consideration by competition authorities) from the point of view of their conformity to the current legislation, as well as their impact on the level of media concentration, availability of information services and their diversification. The article presents the latest data on the state of the media market in Australia, the UK and the US and recent reforms in the field of media regulation, which allows the author to draw a conclusion about the expected intensification of the process of concentration of the media ownership in the coming years and the increase in the number of its negative effects on the back of further liberalization of media regulation and inefficient work of the Antimonopoly services.

The emergence of the first environmental problems in large cities of the Russian Empire in the period of the industrial revolution and the beginning of industrialization in the late 19^th - early 20^th centuries is discussed. The research urgency is caused by interest in the historical genesis of one of modern global problems in a regional context, the lack of a comprehensive study of this problem in scientific historical literature. Special attention is paid to industrial and domestic pollution of water resources of Russian cities. The author proves that the largest city of Russia, Saint Petersburg, was one of the most polluted cities in Europe. Data submitted to the statistical nature of the archival documents note the dynamics of the increase in the share of industrial pollution on the example of water resources in the total volume of emissions. It is noted that the problem of addressing issues of water pollution and the redevelopment of urban space becomes relevant for urban agriculture, draws the attention of the scientific community and bodies of supervision and control and starts to go to the beginning of the century from the municipal to the national level.

The article is devoted to the key events of the foreign policy of the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic (1918-1920), the first state in the Muslim world with a republican form of government, and Great Britain, which initially pursued an occupation policy, and later promoted the de facto recognition of the newly formed state at the Paris Peace Conference. Also, the Republic of Azerbaijan viewed Great Britain as a Mandatory Power and sought to coordinate its foreign policy with it. The research is based on new sources previously not introduced into scientific circulation. A special place here is occupied by the documents of the head of the Azerbaijani delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, Alimardan Topchibashev, published in 2016 in the collection of documents The Paris Archives. The history of the first Azerbaijan Democratic Republic is represented, mainly, in the works of Azerbaijani researchers, among which Jamil Hasanli and Sevinj Yusifzadeh are widely known. In Russian science, the topic is practically not investigated.

The article is devoted to the problem of interaction of power and science in Russia in the second half of the 19^th century. It is emphasized that the development of science was closely connected with solving internal and foreign policy problems of the state. The author considers the participation of higher Siberian administration in the organisation of studying of Siberia. Special attention is paid to the role of the main leaders of the Siberian regions - governor-generals and governors - in the establishment of regional scientific institutions and expeditions, the development of higher education, museums, military-topographical, statistical and meteorological services. The article covers the issues of financing the regional organizations, providing an opportunity to conduct research for political exiles. On the basis of historical literature, published and unpublished sources the contribution of scientific institutions, scientists, ethnographers in the development of Siberia, strengthening of Russia’s positions in Central Asia and the far East is revealed. The relevance of the study is determined by the practical significance of the development of the topic of the article at the moment. The results of the study can be used when writing scientific papers, preparing lectures and teaching AIDS. The findings can draw the attention of the representatives of modern state power and all those interested in the history of the organization of science in Russia.

The article is devoted to the subject only fragmentarily developed in the national historiography, especially in regard to its regional dimension. The study is conducted on materials of three regional and one federal archives of Russia: the State archive of the Sverdlovsk region, the Russian state archive of economics, Territorial body of Federal state statistics service for Sverdlovsk region and the Centre of documentation of public organizations of Sverdlovsk region with the assistance of the scientific and publicistic literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its known importance for the social sciences, especially history, sociology and law. Scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the new materials discovered by the author in these archives are introduced into scientific usage. It is argued that industrial discipline and criminality as social phenomena are traditionally researched by representatives of sciences such as law and sociology. It is stated that only several works can be mentioned within the historians’ works dedicated to the problems studied in the article within the USSR and the Sverdlovsk region in the specified period. It is declared that the choice of the research subject, in addition to a lack of historical research, is caused by the very significant role of rail transport in the economy. It is noted that one of the features of rail transport is the concentration in the sphere of its operation the large amounts of wealth. It is emphasized that the very specific nature of the functioning of the railways places high demands on the discipline of their personnel. It is proved that in the studied period the USSR was slowly overcoming the consequences of the Great Patriotic war. It is concluded that on the railroad the level of discipline was somewhat higher, and the level of crime was lower than in other sectors of the economy.

The domestic historiography of stay of Japanese prisoners of war in the territory of Khakass Autonomous region in 1945-1947 is considered for the first time. The article contains a historiographical analysis of the works of Russian historians, published in the period from 1994 to 2016, which addresses the issues of stay of Japanese prisoners of war on the territory of Khakassia. The author noted the lack of scholarly monographs on Japanese prisoners placed in the Khakass Autonomous region after the second world war. Information on the presence of Japanese prisoners of war in the region contained in the few publications on Japanese prisoners, located in the Krasnoyarsk region, and a number of historians of foreign prisoners of war of the second world war in Siberia is identified and analyzed. Insufficient knowledge of a number of questions of stay of Japanese prisoners of war on the territory of Khakassia is stated. Historical publications about the Japanese prisoners, located in Krasnoyarsk Region, obviously pay the authors’ attention to the study of Japanese prisoners of war camp No. 34, which office and camp departments were located outside of the Republic of Khakassia. Significantly less attention is paid to the Khakass camp No. 33. The greatest contribution to the study of different aspects of stay of Japanese prisoners of war on the territory of Khakass Autonomous region in the years 1945-1947 made Krasnoyarsk historian M. N. Spiridonov. But after the publication of the monograph dedicated to the Japanese prisoners of war located in Krasnoyarsk Region (2003), he did not publish no single work on the subject. The author believes that, in addition to more in-depth study of some insufficiently studied questions of the topic, it is advisable to prepare and publish a collection of papers on various aspects of stay of Japanese prisoners of war on the territory of Khakassia.

The article presents a review of psychological and sociological studies of the family in modern transitive society that allows to analyze various factors determining its ability to execute major social functions. Socio-cultural analysis of modern society is based on the concept by M. Mead on the types of culture of human society, determined by the pace of change of material and social living conditions. Under this approach the prefigurative type of social culture is seen as dominant at the turn of 20^th-21^st centuries. Basic settings of family functionality are revealed, retaining its relevance and effectiveness in a new environment. It is proved that modernization of the modern family consists in decreasing its composition, weakening of child-centrism, depreciation of the experience of parental practices of previous generations, attitudes of young parents on the expert opinion of the Internet community. The pathogenic factors of the current social environment are the expansion of physical space of life, the complexity of social infrastructure, occupation of adult members of the family, man’s information overload, the emergence of new communication environment and weakening of parental control over this area of social interaction of children. Practical value of research is determined by the possibility to use its results in educational practices and organization of family consultation.

The research urgency is caused by necessity to resolve the contradictions between the active introduction in educational institutions of practices of inclusive education and a lack of willingness of parents to collaborative learning and integrating the interaction of all children. The article focuses on the search for optimal forms of work with parents of pupils - normal typical children and children with disabilities - at the first stage of general secondary education (primary school). Attention is paid to the role of training as a method of forming the competence of parents in inclusive education and their readiness to the training of the child in terms of educational inclusion. The results of experimental activities (2015-2017) are presented, the aim of which was to identify the effectiveness of training in working with parents of students of primary school in the formation of inclusive educational space. It is shown that using training in working with parents is congruent with their socio-andragogical characteristics and effective from the point of view of the formation of their competence in the field of inclusive education, acceptance of its conditions, characterized by heterogeneity and polysubjectiveness.

The study focuses on such linguistic phenomena as neologisms in business discourse of the French and Italian languages. The problem faced by the authors is how to teach language learners to recognize and understand the neologisms that are so often encountered in the business press? The relevance of this topic is determined by the necessity of understanding the neologisms as a widespread phenomenon in any living language. The authors believe that the neologisms are the characteristic of the language of journalism, which is committed to the brightness and imagery. It is emphasized that learners of a foreign language consider the neologisms as difficulty even at an advanced stage of training. The characteristic is given of ways of forming the new words: semantic derivation, diversity method, etc. Material is studied in the comparative aspect. For example, the authors draw attention to the fact that in the Italian language the tendency of formation of new words from proper names is expressed more clearly than in the French. Methodological principles of work with neologisms when learning a foreign language are listed.