The problem of the development and codification of spelling norms of the Yakut literary language is considered. The relevance of the article is determined by the attention of researchers to the deep development of spelling issues in the languages of small nationalities. The purpose of the article is to study the history of the focused activities of Yakut philologists in developing and fixing the spelling norms of the Yakut literary language. The author used the synchronous-descriptive method including observation, interpretation, comparison, generalization. A review of the codes of the Yakut spelling and spelling publications for practical purposes, approved by official institutions. Attention is paid to the features of the codification of modern Yakut spelling carried out in 2001, the “Spelling Dictionary of the Yakut Language” (2002), as well as the new version of the Rules of the Yakut Spelling and Punctuation (2016). The spelling dictionary is considered as an experimental publication on the spelling of borrowed words from the Russian language in two versions - in phoneticized form and in the Russian outline of the basics of borrowed language units. The material presented allows us to conclude that the current Yakut spelling can successfully provide a uniform and stable spelling of all Yakut words, including borrowed ones, transmitted in phoneticized letters.

The article is devoted to a comparative study of the image of a hero / superhero in Russian and Western social advertising. The relevance of the study is determined by the contrast of globalization processes, on the one hand, and the desire to preserve nationally oriented values, on the other. The novelty of the study lies in comparing the ideological and linguocultural representations of the image of the hero / superhero, reflected in the socio-advertising text. The results of the study are based on a contextual analysis of the geroy and hero tokens, supergeroy and superhero , as well as non-verbal symbols associated with these concepts presented in the structure of creolized advertising text. In the structure of the image of the hero / superhero, both semantic components (for example, a military metaphor) and specific representations that are determined by the cultural code and ideological identifications, are revealed that are common for Russian and Western social advertising. It is proved that those components of the hero’s image that are connected with the axiology of culture (“peaceful heroism” interpreted as socially approved behavior in general) are more likely to have positive connotations than those that are due to ideological ideas. It is concluded that the image of a superhero in Russian linguistic culture, on the one hand, is understandable and even already familiar, on the other hand, it is rejected as a representative of an alien culture and ideology.

The study was carried out as part of the poetological direction of modern linguistics of text and textual science. The harmony in the status of a new feature of the text (both artistic and poetic) is considered. Poetic harmony is understood as an aesthetic, functional-denotative, semantic, notional, formal-substantive and systemic-structural center of a poetic text. The regular conceptual relationships of poetic harmony with other textual features are characterized. Such features of the text as systematicity, structurality, functionality and the rest (categorical, differential and additional) are interpreted by the author of the article as the result of the action of the basic properties of harmony: firm order, proportionality, harmony, perfection, beauty, truth, goodness, desire for the Absolute, etc. It is asserted that when correlating the category of “poetic harmony” with well-known textual features, conceptual oppositions of an expanded type are built up, when various aspects of these concepts and corresponding notations appear in the relations of intersection. In addition to the formal-substantive and functional paradigmatic aspects, ethical-aesthetic, perfectionist, energetic and other aspects of these phenomena are also taken into account. It is proved that the general feature of the poetic text “self-organization” enters with the concept of “harmony” into the relationship of identity with elements of partivism. It is concluded that poetic harmony in the system of signs of the poetic text turns out to be the organizing, systematizing “gravitational center”.

The process of substantivating adjectives in Russian is considered. The relevance of the topic is determined by the subject of research: transient processes in the field of parts of speech reflect and fix at the level of lexical and grammatical semantics the processes of rethinking and reformatting a person’s knowledge of the world. The purpose of this study is to establish the conditions for substantivating adjectives. The material was proverbial expressions from the collection of V. I. Dahl “Proverbs of the Russian people”, which include substantiated adjectives. Based on the contextual analysis of the use of these words, the following conditions for substantivating adjectives are determined: the qualitatively-estimated value of the original adjective; the uniqueness of the reference between the attribute and its carrier, established on the basis of the causal component in the semantics of the adjective as a significant component of background knowledge. The vast majority of substantiated adjectives presented in proverbs are the names of a person or an abstract concept. As a result of the study, the semantic groups of substantive adjectives found in proverbs are defined. It is argued that substantiation is a means of reinforcing stereotypical ideas about a person and his qualities. The analysis allows us to conclude about the causative potential of the adjective, which manifests itself in the process of substantiation, which may become the basis for rethinking the functional-semantic status of the name of the adjective in the system of parts of speech.

The article summarizes the domestic experience of the comparative representation of vocabulary and phraseology in academic dictionaries, reveals the possibilities of implementing the comparative aspect in educational lexicography and phraseography. The basic principles of metalanguage bilingual interpretation of lexical and phraseological material are formulated taking into account the degree of languages cognation and the level of language training of dictionary users. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the system of lexicographic description of vocabulary and phraseology in a comparative aspect. The novelty of the study lies in addressing the undeveloped comparative problems of bilingual educational lexicography and identifying optimal lexicographic techniques that allow us to show the specifics of the semantic structure of the lexical correlates of two languages, the commonality and lacunarity of the grammatical categories of parts of speech, and the ethnocultural originality of phraseological images. Particular attention is paid to the parameters and methods of the lexicographic description of material related to areas of potential interlanguage interference (interlanguage paronyms and antonyms of cognate Slavic languages; Russian relative and possessive adjectives and corresponding isafet constructions in Turkic languages; discrepancies relevant to any pair of linguistic cultures in a figurative understanding of the realities of the world around us, reflected in phraseological units with a common core component). The expediency of using parallel bilingual parameterization of the mapped units is proved, which ensures the implementation of the principle of dual addressing of the dictionary.

The analysis of the prefixal verb vocabulary is presented on the dialect material of the Dictionary of Russian dialects of the Amur river region, poorly studied in this aspect. Verbal derivatives with the prefix “vyi-” are considered. Derivative and grammatical meanings of derivatives with this formant in comparison with literary analogues are characterized. The language processes accompanying the formation of prefixed verbs are analyzed. A classification of word-formation types and models of dialect verb derivatives with the prefix “vyi-” is proposed, which allows to identify the features of word formation and semantics of verbs with the prefix “vyi-” in this group of dialects. The relevance and novelty of the work are due, firstly, to the unsolved problem of describing the meanings of Russian verbal prefixes; secondly, by the fact that the specificity of verbal word formation in dialects remains less studied than in a literary language. The author believes that the description of the verb prefixation in Russian dialects of the Amur river region, the identification of the “inventory” of prefixes that are most frequent during verbal derivation in Russian dialects, derivatives of prefixal verbs can complement derivatology with specific linguistic facts - description units, morphology - material for understanding the category of species and modes of action in the dialect, and also contribute to the identification of general patterns of organization of the word-formation system of the Russian language.

The article discusses the issues of syntactic-semantic solutions of fixed collocations translation. A review of collocation samples under study has been performed; and their definition has been given. The authors undertake a comparative analysis of the collocations in the process of their translation from English into Russian. The results of the functioning of the phrases studied in the English-language political mass media texts have been presented. Particular attention is paid to such word combinations that make up the periphery of phraseology. This approach is the authors development of the topic of the collocations. It is shown that the latter have not yet fully adopted their final form of use. The authors also assume that the collocations under analysis have not yet been recorded in the dictionaries. This is the core point of the authors’ development. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time the presence of the related meaning of one of the components of such collocations is formulated. It is concluded that its direct and figurative meanings cannot but affect the translation solutions. The authors argue that the probability of borrowings and metaphorization among such word combinations is very high. The classification of models of formation of these constructions has been proposed. The relevance of the study can be explained by the difficulties of their rendering. The authors of the article offer their innovative approaches of translation solutions of mass media collocations under study.

The textual category of tonality is considered in the aspect of normativity on the material of response business letters of administrative content. The question is raised about the norm of speech realization of tonality within the framework of this epistolary subgenre. The normative tonality of official responses to citizens' appeals is formed on the basis of a statement of positive facts and logically emotiveness expressed by typed language means and etiquette formulas of business speech. The novelty of the study is related to the consideration of the response business letter based on a citizen's initiative letter (as part of a text pair of letters), as well as the definition of the field composition and communicative content of the tonality category of the subgenre under consideration. The subject-conceptual and dialogue composition of the text of the letter is distinguished, the correct implementation of tonality is demonstrated with a positive resolution of the conflict and in a more complex business situation. Special attention is paid to tonal disharmony in the authority’s responses to citizens’ appeals. The article presents a list of the author’s speech actions, the side effect of which is the undesirable tonality of the business text (excessive use of legal terms and quoting regulations, use of tokens of undefined semantics, communication of unnecessary information, lack of personification, etc.). The importance of tonally correct design of the response business letter is emphasized.

Epic formulas, formed on the basis of rhythmic-syntactic parallelism are studied. A comparative analysis of the text of the Mom (northern) olonkho with the texts of the olonkho representing other regional traditions - central and Vilyuisk is carried out. The relevance of the study is due to the need for scientific understanding of the northern olonkho, which in Yakut folklore has not received enough attention. The aim is to identify distinctive features against the background of other regional traditions of olonkho. The novelty of the work is that the study of epic formulas is carried out for the first time on the basis of three texts of olonkho, representing the three main epic traditions of the Yakut olonkho. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in the analyzed examples there is a direct connection, which is based on general methods of forming epic formulas - the matrix of rhythmic-syntactic parallelism. The author identifies the general epic, transitional and formulas of the regional tradition, which in turn include particular formulas, which are stable stylistic elements characteristic of the epos of the Turkic-speaking peoples. According to the author, these sustainable designs have aesthetic value; they are very significant for the perception of the text of olonkho: according to them, students evaluate the degree of mastery of the narrator, his improvisational abilities.

The results of a comparative analysis of the texts of the Yakut and Dolgan epics about lone heroes with a horse origin are presented. The relevance of the study is due to the inadequacy of the study of two related epics in a comparative aspect in order to identify commonality and originality in them. Particular attention is paid to comparing the themes, the imagery system and the plot-compositional structure of epics. A detailed analysis of plot components and epic motifs is given. As a result of the study, similarities were found in the development of the main storyline, the similarity of the main motifs, the similarity of the images of the heroes in their purpose, physical abilities and character is also noted. The discrepancy in the plot-compositional structure of epics - the presence of an additional link in the development of the plot in the Yakut olonkho is considered. The motifs of nominating a hero, consigning a horse, going on a military campaign and a wonderful marriage are highlighted. It is suggested that the epic about a hero with a horse origin, having its origins in the ancient Yakut myth of the ancestor horse, originally existed in the central region of Yakutia, and then became widespread among the northern population, including the Dolgan people.

Variants of artistic reconstruction of the events of the Great Patriotic War in modern mass literature are considered. The material is multi-genre texts of the 2000s: an alternative version of the history of the Great Patriotic War, free-thinking fantasies in a mystical spirit, a postmodern historical melodrama, a fantasy novel, a military-fantasy action movie. Particular attention is paid to the national bestsellers of the 2000s: novels by A. Turgenev (V. Kuritsyn) “Sleep and Believe: Blockade novel” and I. Boyashov “Tanker, or “The White Tiger.” It is shown that A. Turgenev in his work combines the legends of the besieged time with the cliches of a spy novel and love melodrama, I. Boyashov is the author of the story of the duel of a Russian tanker and a German miracle tank in the form of modern fantasy. The article affirms the idea that with the leave of the generation of front-line soldiers, the war moves from living memory into a repository of plots and images for literature and art, and becomes fertile material for constructing a different reality. It is hypothesized that mass literature, reconstructing the facts and events of the recent past, is involved in modeling and rethinking the ideological and value orientations of society and the formation of a new identity.

The traditional and original features of the plot structure and the system of images of the cycle of stories about the conquest of the Turkish fortress of Azov by the Zaporozhye Cossacks in 1637 and about their "sitting" under siege in 1641 are investigated. An analysis of the texts showed that they are characterized by an even greater addiction to digital data on the number of enemy troops and to detailed technical information about their weapons than for military texts of Old Russian literature. Observations of the texts showed that the battle scenes, key for the military story, and, first of all, the fights, are much less introduced in the narratives, and they practically do not mention battles using cold arms traditional for the military narrative. The differences in the system of images of the Azov stories (Cossacks and their enemies) from the old Russian military stories in the characteristics of events, details of military life and battle scenes are considered. It was established that the authors of the Azov novels set as their goal the creation of a biased fictionalized narrative in which real facts were freely interpreted, combined with folklore motifs, with a few lexical and situational formulas of military narratives and fictional episodes.

Using the broad material of Heiner Müller’s drama (1929-1995), the question of how to destroy the classical forms of dramatic conventions in German drama of the 60-80s is discussed in the article. The author dwells on the repeatedly criticized and revised discussion that unfolds around the concept, appeared at the end of the 20th century of post-drama H. T. Lehman theater. The author of the article adheres to the point of view that the importance of post-drama as an experimental site of the latest theater can hardly be overestimated. The general laws of constructing a figurative system, a chronotope and a composition of Müller plays are analyzed. The researcher comes to conclusions about how deliberate fantasy and fictionality contribute to the implementation of the author’s attitude towards journalism and ideology. Particular attention is paid to intertextuality, provocativeness, collage. H. Muller’s experiments are aimed at updating the political drama and forcing directors and spectators to clearly define their own political position. The playwright’s mindset to combine recognizable fragments - either they are Shakespearean characters or historical situations - into an unpredictably paradoxical entire that allows the viewer to form an analytically balanced position on topical issues is examined in detail. The novelty of the study is to systematize and build a hierarchy of the main dramatic experiments used by the researched author.

The article considers the story of the English writer Virginia Woolf “Flush” (1933) as a kind of modernist experimental biography in which the conventions of traditional biography are parodied. The main attention is paid to the unusual choice of the hero of the biography, the Spaniel Flush, the beloved dog of Elizabeth Barrett-Browning, who gave Woolf the opportunity to ironize over “serious” biographies. It is reported that significant events in the life of the famous English poetess are shown through the eyes of her dog, on the one hand, limited by the biological characteristics of perception, on the other hand, free in its judgments. Attention is paid not only to the creative polemic of Woolf with limitations of the biographical genre, but also to how the problems of the position of women in society, also surrounded by a number of restrictions and prohibitions, are revealed in the story. An analysis of the episodes and the role of female characters demonstrates the writer’s attitude to the issue of a woman gaining freedom in society and in her own work. Two main lines of the story, related to overcoming the boundaries of both the biography genre and the restrictions that fetter a woman writer trying to realize her creative and life potential are revealed.

The results of a comparative analysis of female demonic characters that exist in the myths and folklore of the peoples of Western Siberia are presented. It is noted that the total assimilation and leveling of the peculiarities of distinctive cultures did not occur, despite the fact that the rituals and myths of the West Siberian peoples were subjected to processes of mutual influence, flow and adaptation for centuries. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the existing picture both in its integrity and in individual fragments. It is reported that the image of a female witch, a malicious old woman, is found in the myths and tales of most of the peoples living in Western Siberia. The article analyzes the etymology of the names and attributes of female demonic characters: Porne in Khanty mythology, Parne in Nenets mythology, Forest old woman and Albasty among Siberian Tatars, Baba Yaga among Slavs. The authors pay special attention to the commonality of mythological motifs, the similar structure of fairy tales, arising on the basis of demonic images of the feminine type. The possible relationship of these images with totemic representations, common in ancient cultures, is indicated. The question of the correlation of the folklore plot “the boy and the witch” with the ritualism of the West Siberian peoples, in particular, with the rites of birth, initiation, and fire worship, is examined. By comparing the traditions of neighboring cultures, the archetypal nature of the initiation scenario while maintaining its ethnospatial specificity is proved.

The article is devoted to the history of flax growing and consideration of the experience of its development as an agricultural sector in the Tobolsk province. The material was the reviews, reports, descriptions and recommendations identified by the authors and devoted to this area of agriculture in the second half of the 19th century, among them: “Reviews of the Tobolsk province”, “Report on flax growing, flax production and flax trade in the northern region” by P. P. Chubinsky, “Instructions on how to benefit from agriculture or a description of the Turin district of the Tobolsk province economically” by priest M. Popov, “Harvest of grain in the Tobolsk province in 1894 and brief information about the state of agriculture” by N. L. Skalozubov. It is noted that the considered chronological period is poorly covered in the available literature, which contains only statistical information on the number of collected breads received from volost boards and from the appendices to the governor's reports. It is reported that the analysis of the situation in agriculture was carried out by local agronomists. It is emphasized that it was only in the early 1890s that the Tobolsk Provincial Committee attempted to systematize information on the state of agriculture in the province on the basis of data received from respondents living in rural areas and villages. The presented material reflects the main “milestones” of the development of flax growing in the Tobolsk province in agrotechnical, economic and economic aspects.

The question of creating a system of resettlement centers in Siberia in the post-reform period is considered. General review of the historiography of the issue, made by the author showed lack of its study. Attention is paid to medical and food assistance to peasant migrants during the period of the Committee of the Siberian Railway in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The results of a comparative analysis of the conditions for the resettlement of peasants to Siberia before the organization of the Committee of the Siberian Railway and during its activity are presented. It is proved that the Committee of the Siberian Railway was able to significantly improve the conditions of peasant resettlement, to organize medical and food assistance to the peasants resettling in Siberia. The novelty of the study is determined by poor knowledge of the issue; the author comes to the conclusion about the social nature of state assistance to resettles. The relevance of the work is due to the need to use historical experience both in the field of state regulation of migration processes and in the field of state policy for the development of Siberia. The importance of research on this topic is determined, firstly, by the growth of migration processes dynamics in the modern world; secondly, the relevance of the task of strengthening Russian statehood in the Far Eastern region.

The historical features of Anglo-Saxon convents from the 9th to the middle of the 11th centuries are considered in the article. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that in domestic historiography this issue has not been previously studied. The study is based on a wide range of historical evidence: hagiographic writings, biographies, letters, chronicles. The factors determining the decline of double monasteries in England in the 9th century are revealed. The data of Anglo-Saxon letters illustrating the conflicts of bishops and abbesses are analyzed. It is shown that in the late Anglo-Saxon period, despite the weakening influence of the abbesses, female monastic communities continued to maintain close ties with the royal house. The material well-being of women’s monasteries was often determined by the presence of representatives of the royal family among their inhabitants. Particular attention is paid to the history of Anglo-Saxon convents during the Benedictine reform initiated by King Edgar (959-975). The features of the relationship of queens with convents at the end of the 10^th - middle of the 11^th centuries are analyzed. The historical specificity of the involvement of conventions in the reform process was studied mainly on the basis of the history of the Wilton monastery, in which one of the most famous Anglo-Saxon ascetics - Saint Edith lived.

A social portrait of a gymnasium teacher of ancient and new languages at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries is presented. The mission of the teacher, his study load, the ability to combine the teaching of several subjects of the gymnasium course are shown. Information about the features of work in the position of classes mentors is presented. The forms of work that were paid extra, as well as those for which teachers did not receive any payment, were highlighted. Information is provided on the number of lessons per week and the amount paid. The financial situation of the teacher, in particular, the cost of rent, nutrition, spiritual development, is characterized. The requirements of teachers on increasing salaries and reducing the workload are given. The appeal of the “Society for the mutual assistance of pedagogical rank” Board to teachers of the country with a request to intensify the work in educational institutions to raise funds to help teachers in need is analyzed. It is concluded that the volume of the academic load and material reward did not correspond to the high sociocultural mission that was assigned to the teachers, but during this historical period, the teacher was the standard of education, culture, unquestioned authority, for which he earned respect from students, their parents and public.

The article is devoted to the characterization of some problems of the implementation of resettlement-colonization measures in the Kuzbass region (Kuzbass) during the late XIX - early XX centuries. The issues of the dynamics of the resettlement and reserve plots formation in this territory are considered. Attention is paid to the dynamics of the migration flow in the indicated period. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the volumes of the resettlement movement in the cabinet and state-owned villages of the Kuzbass region are presented. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time, based on the processing of statistics, the state and dynamics of the resettlement-colonization processes in the Kuzbass region (Kuzbass) during the late XIX - early XX centuries are shown. The differences in the implementation of the resettlement policy in the cabinet and state lands of Kuzbass are demonstrated. The relevance of the study is due to its scientific and social significance. The first one is determined by the fact that this kind of research, based on the analysis of statistical data, is undertaken for the first time. The second point is connected with the need to draw attention to the problems of sustainable socio-economic development of rural territories at present.

The question of the formation of community service and charity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Khabarovsk Territory in the period from 1988 to 2016 in the context of a change in the socio-political system is considered. The research is based on materials from the Khabarovsk Diocesan Administration, the State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Information and Education Portal of the Khabarovsk Diocese. Particular attention is paid to the processes of the establishment of diocesan bodies in social service and matters of mercy. It analyzes the socio-economic conditions in which the development of the Church’s social ministry in the region took place. The data on the assistance to needy categories of the population are given. It is shown that in the 90s of the twentieth century, the orders of the Moscow Patriarchate were only advisory in nature. The authors of the article believe that in those economic and political conditions this seems justified. It is noted that during this period, the bishops on the ground themselves prioritized the development of church life, in particular with regard to helping those in need. It is emphasized that the development of this direction of church activity began due to the position of His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill (Gundyaev). The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the charitable activities of the Church during the period under review are practically not affected in publications devoted to the recent history of the Russian Orthodox Church.

The relevance of the study is due to the presence of conflicts in the social and civil spheres of life both in modern Russia and in the world. A historical excursion into the problem under consideration will help to identify the causes of the confrontation in social conflicts, to develop measures aimed at eliminating and overcoming them. The article discusses the issues associated with the emergence of red banditry in the northern part of the modern Kemerovo region after the end of the Civil War. New archival materials are being introduced into scientific circulation. The novelty of the study is that based on the analysis of the data, the conclusions of researchers involved in the history of red banditry in Siberia are corrected. The author dwells on the facts of the manifestation of red banditry in the Mariinsky district of Tomsk province, reveals the essence of this phenomenon. It is proved that the causes of this phenomenon, in addition to the negative reaction of the Soviet government to the Kolchak regime, the low level of political and spiritual culture of representatives of the new government, the strong influence of partisans, the emergence of a sense of impunity and permissiveness, included such reasons as personal contempt and hostility between ordinary residents, as well as basic desire to appropriate another's property.

Ethnosocial stratification of the population of the Russian colony of Ross (now Fort Ross), which existed in California in 1812-1841 as an outpost of the Russian-American company is considered. A general description of the population of the Ross colony, its distribution, and ethno-demographic structure in its dynamics is given. The author concludes that in Ross the diversity of the ethnic composition of the population was combined with its quite clear (although sometimes somewhat conditional) ethnosocial stratification according to the type common to all of Russian America, based on a combination of ethnic and vocational educational features. It is shown that the individual’s place in this stratification was determined by the differentiation of the colonialists and indigene, the degree of cultural and state-political proximity to the colonial elite, the production qualifications, the form and amount of payment associated with it. The author identifies five ethno-social strata as part of the Ross population: the administrative elite; Russian workers (“industrial”), which the Finnish and Yakut adjoined to; creoles (mestizos) and natives “in the service of the Company”; Aleuts dependent on the Russian-American company (mainly Kodiak Eskimos); local Indians, who became the “foundation” of the social pyramid. The most fundamental differences between the strata and the socio-historical nature of the system of exploitation of the Californian Indians are considered.

The process of formation of the Russian-Jewish intellectuals of the early twentieth century on the example of the biography of the doctor I. Ya. Meerovich is illustrated in the article. The author of the article notes that Meerovich, having passed the path of “selective integration”, firmly entered Russian society, moving away from the traditional Jewish way of life. It was revealed that, being in close contact with the Russian environment, he continued to maintain contact with the Jewish community. The author concludes that the determining factor for the Russian-Jewish intellectuals is a sense of the strength of their position in society and the maintenance of good neighborly relations with the surrounding community. It is shown that representatives of the Russian-Jewish intellectuals felt themselves involved at the same time in two cultural societies - Russian and Jewish, and this feeling was the key. The research sources were both published and unpublished materials from the collections of Russian and foreign archives: Meerovich’s correspondence, periodicals, journalism, court documents, declassified intelligence information of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The article is devoted to the study of the Canadian government’s policy in the field of labor mobilization of the population during the First World War. The author limits the presentation of events to 1916, when the concept of compulsory labor service was developed and implemented. The article proved that the universal registration of labor in Canada was the first step towards introducing compulsory labor service and, as a result, became the basis for abandoning the voluntary system of recruitment into the army and the gradual transition to compulsory military service (conscription). The projects of conducting a universal census of labor resources, developed by supporters and opponents of conscription, are being studied. The process of institutionalizing the labor mobilization of the Canadian population is described on the example of the creation and activities of two state bodies: the government Council for labor service and the parliamentary Committee for labor service. The features of the mechanism for the inventory of labor resources, including the structure of registration cards, the conditions for filling them in, as well as the circumstances of its implementation, are investigated. The results of the general census of labor are summarized, the protest movement among Canadian workers who for various reasons refused to participate in the universal registration of labor resources is studied.

The question of the origin, functioning and evolution in the historiography of the early New Age of an idea that raises the origin of the Russian people to the Roxolani is considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the study of the transition of the Roxolan idea from the Italian humanists of the Renaissance through Polish historians of the 16^th century to the works of Russian historians of the 18th - early 19th centuries. The author dwells in detail on the argument in favor of the Roxolan concept. It is shown that the historiography of the New Age should be considered as a single communicative space, providing information exchange between historians of different regions. The author comes to the conclusion that in the Roxolan version we are dealing with a powerful intellectual tradition related to the ethnogenetic searches of the early New Age. It is proved that these searches were typical of various national schools of historical writing. The article provides an overview of the work of modern followers of the Roxolan concept and concludes that in these attempts you can see a kind of dialogue with pre-scientific knowledge and a certain inertia of the scientific ideas of the early New Age.

The behavioral features of the actions of Soviet citizens in the context of the exercise of the right to use in the second half of the 20th century and the stereotypes that they have developed in connection with this are examined. The results of a comparative analysis of the dynamics of recorded cases of theft, both material and financial, are presented. The study is based on archival data. The question is raised about the features of the socio-economic development of Soviet society. It is noted that the topic of ownership was one of the key in the life of Soviet society. Particular attention is paid to the reaction of people to situations related to the growing pace of property acquisition. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the author demonstrated the modernization of mental and worldview characteristics, features of consciousness both among the corporate leadership and among urban and rural workers, which later became the basis for the formation of a new society structure. The conclusion is drawn on the formation of new consumer ideals associated with the manifestation of individualism in the realization of property rights, the commercialization of life manifestations, the formation of entrepreneurial initiatives. The author dwells on the problem associated with transformation processes in the spiritual sphere of life in Soviet society, where collectivist ideals collapsed and private property morality was affirmed.

The main aspects of the functioning of civilian hospitals in the cities of the Tobolsk province (city, prison, foreign, hospitals of the Orders of public charity, as well as small hospitals at some educational institutions) is discussed in the article. Based on the information contained in the reports of the Tobolsk Medical Board, as well as in the annual reviews of the province, changes are observed in the number of hospitals and medical personnel, the number of inpatient beds for several time sections. Attention is paid to the characteristics of hospital infrastructure, the material and technical and sanitary conditions of medical institutions. The conditions of stay of patients in medical institutions, issues of their nutrition are described. The conclusion is drawn about the increase in the costs of the central and local authorities for the organization of inpatient treatment during this period, as well as about the positive dynamics in the number of hospital facilities and medical staff in the cities of the specified province, qualitative changes in the organization of medical care for inpatients, and the improvement of their conditions in hospitals. The problems that arise in the functioning of hospital facilities in the cities of the province during the First World War are indicated.

The history of the demographic development of the population of the northern regions of Buryatia in the late Soviet period represents one of the poorly studied topics in Russian historiography. The presented work focuses on migration processes and their impact on the population of the north of Buryatia during the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. It is noted that the state set the task of increasing the survival rate and securing migrants in the territories that were in the zone of influence of the “construction of the century”. It is shown that the dynamics of migration directly depended on the activity of migration flows, due to which there was an increase in population density in the construction zone of the highway. When considering the influence of migration processes on demographic development, three periods are identified in the work. It is indicated that the second half of the 1970s was characterized by an increase in the population due to active labor migration, while the inflow of men and women of working age was reflected in the indicators of the natural movement of the population. However, the natural growth was insignificant and did not have a qualitative impact on the demographic picture of the northern regions of the republic. The authors show that in the first half of the 1980s there was an equalization of the intensity of migration processes with a slight outflow of the population; since 1985, statistics has shown an active reverse outflow of migrants with ongoing labor migration to the northern regions of the republic.

The initial features and transformations of the folk architecture of the Belarusian peasant migrants of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries living in Siberia and the Far East are considered. The results of a comparative historical and typological analysis of the ways of building culture development of immigrants’ descendants are presented. The relevance and novelty of the work is due to the fact that, based on a generalization of field studies done in several regions of the Asian part of Russia, an attempt was made to identify general and special patterns of relations between changes in the principles of building culture and ethnocultural processes among migrants. The results of the study confirm the assumption that in Siberia and the Far East, the variety of development paths and transformations of the folk architecture of Belarusians has increased significantly due to the need to adapt to various natural and climatic conditions, as well as borrowings from the new ethnic environment. It has been established that the transformation of the folk architecture of the Belarusian peasant migrants as a whole reflects the dynamics of ethnocultural processes taking place in their environment. It is shown that the loss of many features of the building culture, which has been growing since the second third of the 20^th century, as a whole coincided with the dissolution of immigrants in the new ethnocultural environment, which was due to the processes of assimilation and interethnic integration.

The problems of the relationship between the parish clergy of the Tobolsk North and secular authorities in the XVIII - early XX centuries are discussed in the article. The questions that served as the subject of their common interests are highlighted. It is noted that an important problem, generally successfully resolved by the end of the synodal period, was the filling of vacancies of priests and clergymen. It is noted that an important problem, generally successfully resolved by the end of the synodal period, was the filling of vacancies of priests and clergymen. It is emphasized that at the same time there were situations when the participation of church ministers in the implementation of national tasks was required: preparing a translation of the "Statute on the management of foreigners", swearing in to the new emperor, organizing school construction, landscaping, participating in collegial institutions, etc. The support of the clergy in the fight against the “remnants” of paganism and in their concern for the spiritual and moral state of the newly baptized by the secular authorities was initially expressed in the use of violence against the “lost”. It is shown that in the future there was alleviation of state policy on this matter. It is concluded that the general trends characterizing the evolution of the relationship between the clergy and secular authorities are associated with the restriction of the interference of clergy in the internal life of the indigenous population, while expanding their participation in various forms of social service.

The initial experience of the interaction of zemstvo institutions and factory directorates in the medical field of the Perm province in the 1870-1880s is analyzed. This cooperation has contributed to the processes of medicalization of the local population in the framework of a more global trend of modernization of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the inconsistency of the regulatory framework of the organization and activities of both mining and zemstvo medicine. This predetermined the complex nature of the relationship between zemstvo institutions and factory directorates. A classification of interaction in the Perm province is proposed in four main areas: a joint discussion of the problems of the medical sphere in various deliberative bodies of the county and provincial levels; admitting of zemstvo patients for inpatient treatment in factory hospitals; organization of joint feldsher's courses; combining zemstvo and mining medicine through the creation of two types of medical sites. According to the agreements concluded in the zemstvo-factory sections, the organization of medical assistance to the entire local population was transferred to the zemstvo, and the factory-zemstvo - to factory administrations. By the end of the 1880s, 11 combined sections were functioning in Yekaterinburg, Verkhotursky and Perm counties: four zemstvo-factory and seven factory-zemstvo. It is proved that it is possible to date the completion of the formation stage in the interaction of zemstvo and mining medicine in the Perm province by this time.

The article is devoted to the problem of finding optimal mechanisms for the struggle for national sobriety in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Various aspects of government policy in relation to the distribution of alcohol (public sale of drinks), legislative measures discussed in the State Duma and the State Council, and peasant practice of controlling the circulation of alcoholic beverages are examined. The main attention is paid to the struggle of the Russian peasantry for the right to control the work of the drinking establishment in the village, prohibiting or allowing its work by the decision of the rural society. It is concluded that the power in Russia followed paternalistic guidelines in the field of alcohol sales at the beginning of the 20th century, not trusting the possibilities of rural self-government to regulate this process in the direction of the development of a sober culture. The study is based on diverse sources, such as archival data, published information - statistics, legislative acts, verbatim records of meetings of the State Duma and the State Council, periodicals. The article uses the problem-chronological method and the comparative analysis method. The novelty of the study is a comparison of state temperance measures and peasant practices in this area.

The article is dedicated to Richard Lyons, a London wine merchant, royal financier and politician. The results of the analysis of documentary, narrative sources, as well as modern scientific literature are presented. Richard's activity is shown against the background of the political and socio-economic history of England in the fourteenth century. The problem of the origin of the merchant, his early activities is raised, his participation in solving the financial and economic problems of the state in the 1370s is considered. It raises the question of the death of R. Lyons during the Wat Tyler revolt in connection with the attitude of the British towards foreigners, in particular the Flemings, and the internal political struggle of the “old” and “new” patriots of London. The author dwells on the analysis of the merchant’s business interests and his property status. Particular attention is paid to the "Good Parliament", at a meeting of which the House of Commons accused the government of military failure in England, condemned corruption at court and demanded to punish those responsible, including R. Lyons. The reasonability of indictment, the degree of guilt of those convicted by the parliament are analyzed. It is shown that the arrest of the royal financier was not only the result of the offenses that took place, but also the payment for the failures in the domestic and foreign policy of the entire corrupt royal authority.