The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and cultural type “Russian bureaucrat”. The compatibility of the adjective bureaucratic is investigated according to the texts of the XIX - XXI centuries included in the National corpus of the Russian language. The novelty of the study is that to describe the character traits of the linguocultural type “Russian bureaucrat”, the authors refer to the compatibility of an adjective derived from the character type. It is noted that the connotative component in the meaning of the adjective determines an almost exclusively negative interpretation of the image: the pejorative component of the value determines the compatibility of the studied adjective with the designations of negative qualities. The authors dwell on the ideas that have developed in the Russian linguistic consciousness about the character of the Russian bureaucrat, and trace their transformations over two centuries. The analysis of the compatibility of the adjective showed that the linguistic and cultural character “Russian bureaucrat” is characterized by indifference, ignorance, cowardice, arrogance, insincerity. The authors of the article conclude that in the Russian language picture of the world indifference and cowardice are attributed to bureaucrats of different periods of Russian history, while ostentatious arrogance is noted mainly in the descriptions of officials of the past, and markers of ignorance and insincerity are more frequent in the characteristics of modern officials.

The results of a comparative analysis of translated Russian texts of literary works with their original in the Kabardino-Circassian language are presented. Special attention is paid to the problems of translating interjections from one language into another. It is proved that the translator must have knowledge of the grammatical structure of the translated material and take into account the slightest semantic shades of words. Our observations revealed the features of borrowing interjections from the Russian language into Kabardian speech, which, assimilating, become part of linguistic culture. The novelty of the work is seen in the fact that in Kabardino-Circassian linguistics there are no scientific works devoted to the problems of translation of interjections. All available publications concerning this subject are literary. The relevance of the work is due to the need to improve the system of approaches to the translation of interjection units, since they are not taken into account by translators in due measure. A phonetic-morphological classification of methods for translating interjections is proposed in the article. It is proved that for an adequate and accessible translation of interjections as such, knowledge from the fields of phonetics, morphology, and semantics is most important.

The stylistics of texts of modern corporate media is considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons for the expansion of business style and clericalism in the publication of corporate news feeds, as well as the reasons for the excessive volume of texts. The article proves that censorship of corporate media often leads to a decrease in the quality of texts, to their unification. The relevance of the study is due to the demand for the analysis of the style of media texts by the authors of corporate publications themselves. The authors analyze the reasons for the unattractiveness of the corporate news feed for the recipient and offer text editing options. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that, with a broad study of the typology of corporate media, the stylistics of corporate publications is studied superficially, while the style of publications is the most important criterion for attracting the attention of an audience. An overview of the publication of the news feed of the corporate application of the pipe company is provided in the article. Also, while preparing the article, the experience of one of the authors working with journalists of the analyzed corporate application, was taken into account.

The authors consider identity as a conditional discursive construct, the result of subjects of discourse identifications and offer their own methodology for its analysis. It is shown that regional identity can be represented in the form of a model based on spatial and temporal identifications that specify the coordinate system of reality in which there are residents of the region in question. The concept of space-time is complemented by a set of diverse thematic identifications, including economic, political, cultural, ethnic, religious, linguistic, etc. For the first time in the framework of the socio-constructionist paradigm, a discursive model of the regional identity of the inhabitants of Tatarstan is constructed in the article. The empirical material of the study is the corpus of texts of Tatarstan media for 2017-2019. It is shown that the spatial identification of Tatarstan people includes the practice of selecting, nominating and describing significant geographical objects, the practice of constructing relations of Tatarstan with other geographical objects. Particular attention is paid to the practice of constructing the capital status of a regional center, as well as the relationship of spatial and political identifications. Analyzing the practices of ethnic, religious, linguistic and cultural identification, the authors come to the conclusion that the identity of the Tatarstan people is ethnocentric: despite the declared multinationality and multi-confessionality of the region, Tatars as an ethnic group, Tatar language, Tatar culture and Islam as a traditional religion of the Tatars are of particular importance.

The article is devoted to the study of the verbal component of animated films with a folk precedent basis. The relevance of the research is due to the need to study the conceptosphere of modern media texts conveying folklore imagery. The results of a comparative analysis of female images in animated films about Russian heroes are presented (Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmey (2004), Dobrynya Nikitich and Zmey Gorynych (2006), Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber (2007) in comparison with their folk prototypes. The issues of speech representation of the images of the mother and the bride / wife of a hero, traditional for the epic genre, as well as other female images, the appearance of which is due to the influence of other precedent sources, are considered. The conceptual proximity of the narrative-story line basis and the composition of the characters of the texts under study to the Russian fairy tale is proved. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the stylistic technique of burlesque travesty, it is proved that this technique is the main means of creating a comic effect and performs a text-forming function in the studied polycode content. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the verbal component of the animated films studied was not previously the subject of linguistic analysis.

The article is devoted to the communicative behavior of a mediator, whose professional activity is subject to certain norms, rules and principles. The principle of neutrality in the communicative behavior of the mediator is considered in detail. The efforts of two specialists: a lawyer, a practicing mediator, and a linguist who completed a basic course of mediation is combined in the article. The confidentiality of information related to the mediation procedure determined the choice of the main research methods: linguistic self-observation in combination with reflection of professional experience and included observation of the choice of language, speech and non-verbal means in quasi-real training situations. The study identified verbal and non-verbal means that allow the mediator to remain impartial and independent in mediation. Verbal means of neutrality are analyzed at the macro and micro levels of the language system and the speech activity of the mediator. It was revealed that the principle of neutrality is manifested in the mediator's open message about his role as a neutral intermediary, as well as in special technological methods of mediation: echo technique, resume and idea development. On the subject of neutrality, sound reactions, kinetic, visual and spatial signals of the mediator are analyzed. The restrictions and prohibitions in the communicative behavior of the mediator are determined. The conclusion is drawn about the caution of using the considered tools in specific conflict / dispute situations.

The features of the connotation phenomenon in the aspect of the theory of lacunarity and the concept of emotional valency are considered. The result of the analysis of synchronized databases of reference information systems “Scientific electronic library of Theses and Dissertations”, “Electronic library of dissertations”, “Man and science” and “Library of dissertations” for the study of the connotation phenomenon is presented. A dissertation catalog has been compiled, including 184 works in which the subject, object or separate issue under consideration is connotation, a graphical explication of the results of the content analysis of these dissertations is presented, and the analytical and prognostic potential of the developed linear graphs is described. Extensional and intensional directions of the study of connotation, as well as their fluctuations, are shown. The source of illustrative material was the parallel sub-corpus (English) of the National Corps of the Russian Language. The question of the relationship of the emotional coloring of the word and emotional connotation is considered. It is stated that the study of connotation as a multidimensional phenomenon requires an integrative approach and the convergence of humanitarian and natural sciences. It is concluded that the use of the theory of lacunarity with respect to the study of the connotation of linguistic units seems promising, allowing to systematize the concept of the phenomenon of connotation in the framework of modern linguistics.

The features of the application of pictographemic elements in the ergonomics of Irkutsk are discussed in the article. The trends in the study of creolized texts in modern linguistics are characterized. The basic means of the actual transformation of the ergonym form are noted. It is established that one of the means is a pictographeme, an image that combines the features of a grapheme and a pictogram. The reasons for the use of pictographemes in the structure of the word are considered on the example of the ergonyms of Irkutsk. The relevance of the study is due to the need to assess the effectiveness of the impact of pictographic tools on the audience. The novelty of the work is seen in the fact that a new factual material, the ergonyms of Irkutsk, was introduced into the circulation of linguistic research. This made it possible for the first time to consider the specifics of pictographemes as a new type of interaction on ergonomic material between verbal and visual components in “city writing”. The results of the analysis of the functioning of pictographemes in the ergonyms of Irkutsk are presented. The main function - the secondary explication of meaning, actualized primarily in the name of a company, institution or enterprise is established. It is revealed that this is due to the need to memorize the ergonym, as well as to ensure ease of perception. The classification of particular functions of pictographemes is proposed: 1) direct actualization of the name and indirect designation of the goods; 2) presentation and designation of goods by direct reference to the necessary subject area; 3) presentation of the properties of the proposed product due to building the necessary associative nomination for the author.

Some preliminary results of joint research lexicographic project of Russian and Kazakh linguists on linguo-cultorological contrastive analysis of Russian-Kazakh phraseological correlations are discussed in the article. The work presents the experience of contrastive lexicographic description of the concepts ZHAN - DUSHA (“SOUL”) and DENE / BOY - TELO (“BODY”) in the aspect of their language objectification in Russian and Kazakh phraseologisms. The purpose is to give contrastive analysis of the opposite concepts ZHAN - DUSHA (“SOUL”) and DENE / BOY - TELO (“BODY”) in their phraseological representation in Russian and Kazakh. The material for the study is the data of Russian and Kazakh phraseological dictionaries. The theoretical basis of the work is the ideas of language conceptualization of the world, the principles cognitive interpretation of elements of “a language of culture” and the methodology of linguo-cultorological study in phraseologisms. The standard method of conceptual analysis and the method of contrastive phraseological analysis are used un the article. It is shown that there are a lot of substantial resemblances in phraseological representations of the concepts in Russian and Kazakh lingual cultures resulting from general principles of language conceptualization of reality in languages of the world. On the other side, some conceptual divergences between compared languages are also revealed: they are caused by peculiarities of nature and culture environment as well as by diversity in changing of nominations for imaginative denotation of approximately analogous substance. The authors come at a conclusion that the contrary concepts ZHAN - DUSHA (“SOUL”) and DENE / BOY - TELO (“BODY”) are revealed in the mirror of each other in phraseology of compared languages.

The results of a study of the characteristics of German-speaking online petitions on the openPetition platform, constituting a spatio-temporal, substantive, collective-personal systemic-communicative dimension of protest; studying the current manifestations of the mediation of politics and Net-thinking as an attribute of modern mediation in the studied communicative practices of protest are presented in the article. The integrative nature of electronic petitions is revealed, which is determined by their multifunctionality, discursive hybridity and stylistic syncretism. The design features in online petitions of a complex addressee (individual addressee and collective co-addressee) and complex addressee (mass and target addressee); relevant communication strategies and tactics of the mass addressee, individual addressee and co-addressees are described. The regularities of the agenda and discursive construction of the problem in online petitions are determined. The methods of forming and maintaining Internet solidarity in the studied protest practice are described. The manifestations of mediation of politics and personality in the analyzed practices are revealed. Attributes and actual reflection in online petitions of a new type of thinking (Net-thinking) as a consequence of the specifics of modern mediation of protest communication are described. The results of the study make a certain contribution to further understanding of the relationship between technological and sociocultural changes.

The issue of enhancing the use of language code switching technique in modern creolized advertising texts is discussed in the article. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the expansion of the areas of language interaction and the change in tactics for contacting the addressee of advertising due to the process of globalization, the popularization of the English language in the world, the emergence of new communication channels, the mobility of visual images, and the clip’s perception of information by the recipient. The actual material of the study was creolized advertising texts from seven Russian international glossy magazines: “Cosmopolitan”, “Elle”, “Glamor”, “GQ”, “InStyle”, “Tatler”, and “Vogue”. It is proved that foreign inclusions in the considered texts are presented in several ways of varying degrees of productivity: insertion of a foreign language grapheme (formation of graphogibrids); use of the word in the Latin script (astionyms, burials, pragmatonyms, English preposition since , etc.); the introduction of one or more statements in a foreign language; inclusion of a hashtag in latin graphics. The listed types of foreign inclusions are attributed by the author to signal (intentionally introduced into the texts with the aim of accentuation of units or their elements) and multifunctional (capable of performing attractive, accent-emphasizing, utilitarian-compressive, emotionally-expressive, suggestive, informative functions).

The article is devoted to the role of experiment in the process of discourse formation as a linguistic phenomenon. The object of the study is the discourse initiated by the largest Austrian writer of the twentieth century, Robert Musil. The aim of the study is a discursive analysis of the philological and literary-critical interpretations of the novel “A Man Without Qualities”, which is a central fragment of the “Musil’s Discourse”. It is noted that the Musil’s discourse unfolding during the century, is formed by numerous participants representing various groups of subjects: literary scholars, writers, cultural experts, psychologists and literary critics. Particular attention is paid to the bipolar structure of the Musil’s discourse as its main characteristic. It is shown that the leading German critic Marcel Reich- Ranicki set a new direction for the development of Musil’s discourse. The results of the analysis of Musil’s discourse at the level of its content, as well as at the levels of strategies and means of implementation are presented. The main strategies of the studied fragment of the discourse are identified - the deconstruction strategy and the conservation strategy, implemented in the tactics of invective, tactics of positive presentation and tactics of support. It is proved that the idea of the experiment laid down by Musil in the basis of the novel “A Man Without Qualities” is transposed to the Musil’s discourse as a whole and turns it into an object of experiment.

The novelty of this study is in the fact that for the first time the characteristic features of the new detective subgenre, the philological detective, are described. The material for the study was the cycle of novels by the French author F. Vargas. The main reasons for the emergence of a philological detective story as a subgenre are revealed. They include a paradoxical combination of canonicity and variability, the ability to adapt to the reader’s expectations, the desire for originality and time features. It is proved that, unlike other detective subgenres, genre-forming components in the philological detective affect and change not the content, but the form, namely, the language material. The French philological detective by F. Vargas is compared with his chronological predecessor, the ironic detective by F. Dar. The idea is expressed that in ironic detectives the linguistic component does not affect the development of the plot and is secondary to it, while in the philological detective story the linguistic component is embedded in the plot and comes to the fore. A brief explanation of the characteristic features of the new subgenre is given: bilingualism, word-creation, author’s neologisms, barbarism, a rich vocabulary of heroes. The opinion is expressed that the above traits are enough to distinguish philological detectives into a separate category.

This article focuses its attention on the motive of resistance characteristic of Austrian literature of the 19th - 20th centuries, which is considered from the point of view of the historical and literary relationship with the myth of Prometheus. The history of the issue is reviewed. A selective analysis of the versions of the Promethean myth in the Austrian historical and literary context of the 19th-20th centuries, which is part of the pan-European literary and philosophical heritage, is given. The stylistic and genre originality of Austrian interpretations of the myth of Prometheus is proved on the basis of a study of a number of works. The artistic reception of the image of Prometheus in the poem by Z. Lipiner "Liberated Prometheus", little studied in Russian literary criticism is considered in the article. Attention is paid to the version of the Promethean myth in the literature of Austrian Art Nouveau (on the example of F. Kafka's little prose). The issue of conflicting trends in the development of Austrian literature of the 20th century, affecting the interaction of the motive of resistance with the Promethean myth, is investigated by the example of M. Gruber's essay. The correlation of the Austrian versions of the motive of resistance with the myth of Prometheus is proved. The results of the study confirm the significance of the Promethean myth in the Austrian reception of the 19th-20th centuries, which has more pronounced features of drama and theatricality in relation to the European context.

For the first time, the means of creating off-stage space and its relationship with stage space in the plays of D. Lipskerov is discussed in the article. To study off-stage space in the framework of theatrical discourse, the concepts of narratology ( diegesis, narration, focalization ) and the sociology of space ( the surrounding world and the conjoint world ) are used. It has been established that the “isolation” of stage space implies its obligatory interaction with off-stage space, and the process of its inclusion in such interaction is considered in two different situations: in the reader’s discourse and theatrical discourse. In the reader’s discourse, off-stage space is introduced both by remarks and according to the internal focalization of the text, in connection with which the playwright emphasizes the act of observation and description of the visible in the textual binding. It is noted in the article that D. Lipskerov, in his plays, as well as in novels, implements “somnambulistic” narratives: through acts of observation. The playwright directs the attention of the reader, due to which his plays are inscribed in the cinematic paradigm and contain elements of literary cinematography (audiovisual images, editing of narration, chronotopic shifts). The author’s playing with space, the combination of stage and non-stage allows D. Lipskerov to create plays that exist in the polysemiotic space of theater and reading discourse.

The object of the research is the “Caucasian text” by A. S. Griboedov in his pictorial aesthetics. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and principles of creating the illusion of visual perception in the "Caucasian text" by A. S. Griboedov. The relevance of the problem is determined by the accentuation of the value acquaintance of the Russian reader with the Caucasian culture in its natural component, as well as the insufficient knowledge of the "Caucasian text" by A. S. Griboedov and the need to clarify the features of the formation of the poet's artistic method. The novelty of the study is to identify the features of the poetics of visualization in the “Caucasian text” by A. S. Griboedov, to determine the mechanisms of verbal transmission of the picturesque. By analyzing the “Caucasian text” in the tradition of pittoresque voyage (traveling in search of the picturesque), the article first examines the poetics of pictorial art of A. S. Griboedov, manifested in the selection of colorful views, following the principle of local color, finding color solutions for verbal landscapes. Among the leading principles of visualization, the principles of framing, the alternation of general, large and super-large (volumetric images of small details) plans stand out. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of visualization tools for creating natural and national everyday paintings in the Caucasus. The dominance of the poetics of tangible objectivity in the reproduction of national paintings and historical events allows us to consider the “Caucasian text” by A. S. Griboedov as a step towards a new, realistic tradition of depicting the Caucasus, and realism as the basis of the poet’s artistic method.

The article puts forward the hypothesis that in the novel by F. Kafka “Metamorphosis” a mythological plot of the transition is realized. The author interprets this type of plot as an event when a hero crosses the border between life and death. The mythocritical and immanent methodology is used. It is concluded that in the Kafka’s novel the plot of the transition is reproduced in a reduced version. The significance of this reduction is proved: its discovery allows revealing the deep foundations of the tragic content of the novel. The author analyzes the approaches existing in science in interpreting the image of the three tenants who settled in Mr. Zamza’s apartment after the hero’s transformation. In a polemical perspective, some interpretations of the image of guests are considered. A new interpretation of this collective character is put forward: it is raised to the figure of a psycho-pump in the article. It is shown that the tragic pathos of the novel is associated with the event of the expulsion of the tenants, which is interpreted as a reduction of the rite of transformation. It is proved that the function of the image of tenants is to strengthen the semantics of family betrayal. Observations are made on the nature of Kafka's mythologism based on the material of its mythological miniatures.

The article is devoted to the historical experience of interaction between the Main Directorate for Trade and Consumer Cooperation under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Glavukoop) and subordinate bodies, in particular, as an example of a senior inspector of the Main Directorate for Trade and Consumer Cooperation of the Tyumen Region. On the basis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, organizational and legal issues of creating both central and local governing and control bodies over the activities of cooperative organizations, their structure and composition are considered. The documents used in the work reveal the specifics of the activities of various types of cooperative associations in the Tyumen region, as well as their cooperation with representatives of the controlling authorities of the central government, reflect the psychological and social mood of the workers of these associations. It is noted that the peculiarities of the interaction between the cooperative workers of the region and the staff of the senior inspector were the latent rejection of the former by the state apparatus because of their passivity in work and the open hostility of the cooperative workers in relation to the new state structure. The analysis of the main directions of state regulation in the activities of cooperation is given in the article. The interaction of the senior inspector’s apparatus with control bodies is presented, their activities are summarized, and the effectiveness of state policy in relation to cooperative organizations of the Tyumen region and the extent of “shadow” operations in cooperation is assessed.

The study is devoted to the elections to the first Russian parliament among the representatives of the so-called “native” and “foreign” population of the Russian Empire. It is shown that in the conditions of the revolutionary events of 1905-1906 at the highest bureaucratic level for Russian absolutism, the fundamental issue was the issue of delegating part of the legislative initiative to elected representatives of society. It is noted that under pressure from local administrations - the Turkestan Governor-General and Caucasian Viceroyalty - it was decided to entrust voting right in a truncated form to the peoples of the Caucasus (Caucasian Viceroyalty), Turkestan Territory (Semipalatinsk Oblast), the Steppe Territory and the nomadic foreigners of Russian provinces and regions. It is indicated that a comparative analysis of official documentation on elective production and periodicals on the outskirts allows us to consider in detail the very process of the first elections, its differences and similarities in parts of the empire. The author concludes that the election rules proposed by the center made it possible for people who are not connected with the local administration to be represented by their people in the first State Duma. The analysis of the biographies of the candidates showed that the ethnic factor played a greater role than their political views.

The historiography of the problem of researching the image of China in the USA is considered. A comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the historiography of the image of China in 1931-1949 in the United States is proposed through the study of the specifics of the perception by the political elite, the military, the public and the US media of the most important events of the "Chinese crisis". It is noted that this approach allows us to talk about the formation of a special phenomenon of the socio-political life of the United States, the reconstruction and explanation of which are impossible within the framework of the traditional methodology of historical research and require an interdisciplinary approach based on historical imagology. It is shown that the formation of the image of China in 1931-1949 in the historiography of the United States by the American press is represented with several thematic areas: the first - the studies of American assessments of China in general works on the history of international relations before the Second World War and during its course; the second is a study of the history of the formation of American assistance to fighting China; third, analyzing China’s assessment of the United States in the context of the history of colonialism and decolonization; fourth, examining the image of China in the context of a study of public opinion in the United States. It is pointed out that the analysis of historiography indicates that China in the crisis period of history was in the focus of attention of both journalists and the academic community.

The article considers a mass electronic source on the problem of irretrievable human losses of the USSR during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940, available to researchers in the form of a database on several information portals. It is indicated that it was based on the printed Book of Memory dedicated to the fallen soldiers in local wars and conflicts of the twentieth century. The analysis of its representativeness is carried out. The exceptional reliability of the resource is confirmed by the fact that during its creation a huge array of documents from federal and local archives was included in the scientific circulation. The information capabilities of the database for studying the human damage of one of the regions - the Kuibyshev (now Samara) region - were revealed. The relevance of the study is caused by insufficient study of this topic, with the undoubted importance of understanding the deed of all the fallen in the performance of military duty. The author uses the unique capabilities of an electronic resource to fill in the “blank spots” in the issue of human losses. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that quantitative methods of study are applied to it for the first time within the framework of regional history. The number of dead Kuibyshevites during the “winter war” (1737 people) was established, their analysis: age composition, distribution of losses by rank, military branch, cause of death, chronology was carried out.

The results of a study on the participation of women in the study of the Siberian region in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries are presented in the article. It is noted that women constantly had to face various obstacles and difficulties on the scientific path, caused by gender stereotypes, while the position of women in Siberian society had certain characteristics. The factors of women's inclusion into the scientific sphere are revealed in detail: the development of the educational system, the emergence of the first higher educational institutions, the creation of scientific institutions, the formation of civic consciousness, joint scientific studies and the legitimization of scientific activity through spouses. The main directions of local history research are shown. On the example of the activities of M. I. Molleson, V. A. Balandina, A. D. Kornakova, M. V. Krasnozhenova and others, the contribution of women to the description of nature and climate, natural resources, ethnography of the peoples of Siberia, the establishment of museum business is examined. Separately, the author pays attention to female charity for the needs of science in the Siberian region. Significant funds for research purposes were donated by E. P. and Yu. P. Kuznetsovs, A. I. Gromova, E. I. Goldobina. The activities of some Siberians were highly appreciated by contemporaries and awarded by scientific institutions of Russia. When writing the article, the author used numerous reports and works of scientific and local history organizations, which made it possible to identify the names of many women who participated in their work.

The issue of Abrahamic borrowings in the ethnic religion of Ossetians (the only Iranian-speaking ethnic group in the North Caucasus, which is an ethnic descendant of Scythians-Sarmatians-Alans) is considered, which is a synthesis of monotheism and ancient polytheism. It has survived to this day and even survives a peculiar, renaissance in the post-Soviet period, which explains the relevance of the study. An analysis of the possible presence of Abrahamic reminiscences in the image, characteristics and functions of one of the subjects of the Ossetian ethno-religious pantheon - Safa is made. It is noted that this image is by far the most complex object in relation to both the identification of the theonym and the origin of the sacred subject itself, due to which there is no consensus in science on this issue. A historiographic analysis of scientific positions on the problem is carried out. An attempt to identify the sacred subject is made, and its main possible options are given. The author’s development of archival material - an unpublished article by B. A. Alborov on Safa is presented for the first time. One of the possible options for identifying theonym and characteristics of Safa - Arab-Islamic is introduced into the modern scientific discourse.

The experience of carrying out a hypothetical reconstruction of women's clothing "tangalai" XVII-XVIII centuries is considered. It is reported that this sample of clothing was found during archaeological research in 2016 in the area of At-Byran, Khangalassky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Earlier it was revealed that the tangalai was part of the bride’s costume, which means an indispensable element of the wedding ceremony. As a result of studies of the Yakut burials of the XVII-XVIII centuries, it was established that the tangalai was included in the complex of accompanying material during the funeral rite of a married woman. An analysis of ethnographic literature, the results of field scientific research, available visual sources was made, fragments of clothing stored in museums extracted from funerary monuments were studied. As the study showed, the tangalai from the At-Daban VI burial has similar features with samples of similar shoulder-clothes found and studied earlier: general principles of decor, color scheme, and peculiarities of the location of sewn jewelry. Distinctive features: a lowered waist line and narrow bibs were revealed. Based on a detailed study of the original source, masters of decorative and applied art carried out a hypothetical reconstruction of the tangalaya. Attention was paid to leather processing, seams, design features. Unsaved pieces of clothing were recreated using existing analogues.

The process of changing the conceptual foundations of Russian scientific diplomacy as an instrument of foreign policy and one of the forms of international scientific and technical cooperation over a twenty-year time span, the chronological boundaries of which are determined by the adoption of key strategic documents in this area, is examined. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework, a sample of doctrinal sources related to the international aspects of the state scientific policy has been compiled. Through their analysis and parallel comparison with the Foreign Policy Concepts of the Russian Federation of 1993, 2000, 2008, 2013 and 2016, key transformations of the perception and vision of scientific diplomacy by decision-makers in the field are identified. Based on the results of the systematization of guidelines and value orientations reflected in the relevant political and determining documents, the periodization of the formation of scientific diplomacy was carried out with the identification of two stages. The first (1996 - mid-2000s) is characterized by a transition from a liberal paradigm to a realistic one, a certain politicization, and national interests at the forefront. The second stage (mid-2000s - 2016) is characterized by a reorientation to the economic dimension of international scientific and technical cooperation with a clear formation of scientific diplomacy as a concept in its modern form. It is shown that this evolution proceeded relatively smoothly in line with the objective changes in the international situation, Russia's position on the world stage, as well as adjustments to its foreign policy. Along with this, the role of E. M. Primakov as one of the ideological founders of modern Russian scientific diplomacy was identified and outlined.

Based on the archival sources first introduced into the scientific community, the article highlights the question of the material well-being of Soviet citizens in estimates of the mass consciousness of the 1960s and 1980s. Within the framework of the problems, the well-being of citizens, which are the drivers of the socio-economic development of the state, are considered. In addition, the mental side of the processes is affected. The question is raised of social stratification, the beginning of the formation of a new structure of society as the realities of the second half of the 20th century. It is noted that in the public environment, vigilant monitoring of the excessive enrichment of persons in leadership positions was conducted. Based on the analysis of the material database of the Russian State Archive of Recent History, the author concludes that the trend of the time was the increase in the number of illegal acquisitions in three areas: housing, motor transport, personal household plots. A problem related to modernization processes in the spiritual sphere of life in Soviet society is raised. It is shown that there were changes in the behavioral stereotypes of social classes in the development of the right to use socialist property in this area, in relation to things and the desire for a comfortable life in society. It is concluded that the global consequence of these phenomena is the affirmation of private property morality.

The article is devoted to the characterization and dynamics of the development of the partisan movement during the Civil War in the territory of modern Kemerovo Region in 1918-1919. The issues of the activity of individual partisan detachments in the territory of Kuzbass are considered. Attention is paid to the specifics of the partisan movement in this territory. Based on the analysis of archival data and local media materials, the military operations of partisan detachments are described. The question is raised of the partisan movement role in the victory of the Reds. The novelty of the study is in the fact that for the first time on the basis of processing a wide range of sources the state and dynamics of the partisan movement in Kuzbass during the years of the Civil War are presented. The features of the partisan movement in the region are demonstrated. The reasons for the entry of peasants into the ranks of partisans are revealed. The relevance of the study is due to its scientific and social significance. The first is determined by the fact that this kind of research, based on an analysis of a wide range of sources, is considered for the first time. The second is related to the need to rethink the features of the course of the civil war in the regions of the country and to attract the attention of scientists and society to the problems of a split in society during the crisis years.

The Catholic theology of purgatory and its refutation in the works of the ideologists of Protestantism in the first third of the XVI century is analyzed in the article. The works of the little-known in the domestic historiography of the English reformer John Frith (1503-1533) are investigated. Frith’s commitment to Protestant dogmas on justification by faith and the exceptional authority of Holy Scripture is shown. It is noted that Frith, following them, denied the existence of purgatory, since it cannot be confirmed by the Holy Scriptures, and he interpreted the “cleansing fire” mentioned in the New Testament texts symbolically as torment of conscience and repentance. It is claimed that the theologian considered faith to be the atoning sacrifice of Christ the only means of salvation. It is concluded that the denial of purgatory naturally led Frith to a refutation of the Catholic practice of papal acts of grace and their theological justification, for which he was arrested and sentenced to be burned. It is emphasized that J. Frith called purgatory "creation" of the Roman pontiff and saw purely material reasons for the emergence and existence of faith in purgatory. It is noted that criticism by the English reformer of the Catholic faith in purgatory was subsequently reflected in the Anglican creed.