The article refers to the Russian dialect items, naming the speed of an action or movement. The Russian North lexis is mainly covered. Motivational analysis of the words is made, revealing the models of nomination of speed through naming of ways of moving: walking, running, flying, jumping, etc. Classification of main semantic types of verbs, which motivate linguistic units with the meaning of speed or sluggishness, is proposed. Word-forming structure of the derivatives, based on the most productive models, is described. Special attention is paid to the words with unclear internal form. During the analysis, the author concludes that the vocabulary of linear motion is highly productive in the nomination of speed. Frequent are the models of naming velocity though the capacity to move ( hodko ‘in a fast manner’, brodkiy ‘brisk, capable to walk a lot and fast’, etc.); stem reduplication in order to highlight the semantics of intensity ( begom begat’ ‘to do something fast and promptly’, letkom sletat’ ‘to walk fast’ etc.); extension of the meaning of verbs of movement and their derivatives, in other words, the use of the corresponding words to describe speed of any activity ( Ya segodnya nabegom propolola ).

The possibilities of words representing the concept of RUSSIANNESS to express positive-evaluative or negative-evaluative meanings are covered. The purpose of the study is to describe the linguistic mechanisms leading to positive and / or negative connotative evaluative background behind the usage of semantic word-formational derivatives - representatives of the concept of RUSSIANNESS in the modern Russian language. The research material are the language data of the main explanatory and word-formation dictionaries of the Russian language. The study is based on the methodological foundations of analysis of “language of the national culture” and theoretical principles of studying connotative evaluative component of the national concept sphere. The study uses the methodology for the analysis of the concepts developed in the works of scholars of Lobachevsky State University. Figurative meanings of the noun and adjective russkiy ‘Russian,’ with evaluative connotations, as well as derivatives rusak / rusachka , rusopyat , obruset’ / obrusit’ , rusifitsirovat’ , rusofil , rusofob , psevdorusskiy , antirusskiy are explored. The conclusion is that these words have significant positive or negative connotative-evaluative potential, expressing axiologically significant opposition along the lines of “own” - “alien” that allows to use it in the representation of national auto- and heterostereotypes in the discourses of different types, including demagogic or manipulative purposes. The practical importance of research consists in possibility to apply its results in political speechwriting, journalism, PR and advertising practice, as well as in judicial and non-judicial linguistic expertise in the field of extremism.

The question of national-cultural conditioning of manipulative influence in Russian and Chinese medical commercial advertising texts are considered. A model of speech manipulative strategy in the advertising text is considered as the interaction of the main strategies: cognitive, prescriptive, emotive and accessory aesthetic. The novelty of the research consists in the following. (1) The author notes cultural differences between the Russian and Chinese texts when implementing manipulative influence, due to ethno-speech bans of Chinese linguistic culture, and at the same time states a significant coincidence of the communicative speech techniques in the Russian and Chinese advertising texts. (2) The notion of “manipulative effect” is clarified. The author sets out his own understanding of the interaction between the author of manipulating text and its recipient. Methods of multidimensional comparative linguistic and cultural studies are improved. The relevance of the work is based primarily on the relevance of the results of cross-cultural communicative studies, including advertising, closely related to the development of international business communication. The results of the study are significant for the teaching of stylistics of the Russian language and practical Russian language in foreign (Chinese) audience, as well as in the training of specialists in advertising and intercultural communication.

A method of semantic transformation of phraseological units is considered, which was presented in the book by Yu. Buyda as literalism. Game technique of literalism is restoring the original, direct meaning of the lexemes constituting a phraseological unit. This is achieved by introducing in the context of the story the literal deploying, pointing to the reality. It is revealed that the polysemy arising from the clash within the context of two meanings of a single phrase (literal and idiomatic) is a source of word play, and often provokes the creation of comic effect. As a literal deploying Yu. Buyda uses the word or phrase linked with a phraseological unit thematically, associatively and by synonymic or antonymic relations. In the writer’s works considered technique illustrates not only the method of updating the semantics of phraseological units, but also has a projective text function. On its basis, the author builds the storyline in many stories that the game intertwined, which creates certain difficulties in identifying both the technique and its gaming potential. It is shown that in most cases, to restore the logical link between the idiom and literal deploying the activation of background knowledge and committing a number of mental operations is required. The analysis is based on the following parameters of literal deploying input: its explicitness / implication, the remoteness of literal deploying from the idiom, the sequence of its input (in a preposition or postposition) and the way of representation of literal deploying.

The article is devoted to the study of the ideas about spiritual religious categories shown in the discourse of dialect speakers in the territory of the Volga-Dvina Interfluve (Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kostroma regions). Ways of describing such concepts as “soul,” “God,” “sin,” “conceptions of the afterlife” in the stories of informants are covered. The analysis of contextual compatibility, words-partners, in some cases - metaphorical meanings is presented. Models of perception and description of spiritual concepts in the national discourse are offered. Also, for comparison we use the results of studies of the spiritual realm through the prism of folklore and ancient Russian literary tradition. People’s perception of religious categories is compared with the position of the official Church tradition. The research urgency is caused by appeal to speech material showing a picture of the world that is relevant to the consciousness at the present time, not archaic, enshrined in the language. Also the relevance of the work is caused by the fact that a new material is introduced - data of field records of the Toponymic expedition of the Ural Federal University. The hypothesis is presented about the perception by people’s consciousness of the soul as a kind of “double” of a person in the field of both physical and emotional; God as the generalized concept of the spiritual realm in general; sin as a material object; underworld as the official administrative structure.

Semantic and motivational analysis of collocations with the toponymic component ( Vologda butter , Mezen painting , Kargopol ginger , Shemogsa carving , etc.) is proposed. The author examines such structures as the linguistic component of the regional cultural brand. The paper is focused on the Northern territories of European part of Russia (the Russian North). It is emphasized that not all such names become territorial “logo,” but only those which are frequent, have semantic and metaphoric “sufficiency” and present in the consciousness of a native speaker in the form of “visiting card” of the region. It is noted that the status of such units in the language system has not been fully determined: they are not fixed nor by dialect, nor phraseological dictionaries. The author draws attention to the fact that, being used in collocations, adjectives derived from toponyms can have the function of appraisal characteristics: they lose their geographical reference and are endowed with the generalized-meliorative connotations ( Vologda butter = a high quality butter). It is noted that seme ‘high quality product’ is shown at the level of contextual semantics, when toponymic attributive means the best product of the proposed “on the market.” The author points out that, in addition to evaluative connotations, seme ‘typically Russian, national’ can be also expressed in the contexts.

The features of active in the modern Russian language process of transition of relative adjectives in the category of qualitative are discussed. The process of development of qualitative meanings of relative adjectives denoting attribute through relation to various materials, substances is investigated. The purpose of the study is to identify the semantic and cognitive patterns of such a transition. The classification are presented of (1) relative adjectives with the meaning of material, developing qualitative semantics, (2) semantic patterns of development by these adjectives of qualitative meanings. It is shown that the derived adjectives are either characteristics of the surrounding world (leader of the thematic subgroup “visual sense”), or subjective characteristics (primarily the appearance and inner world of man). The evaluation, which develops by the original adjectives with qualitative meanings, and cultural and national conditioning of such meanings are described. To demonstrate the different perception of certain materials and their properties in different cultures a comparative linguistic material is given that is associated with qualitative adjectives in Russian and Chinese languages. The formal attributes of quality, appearing in adjectives, indicating relation to different materials and developing qualitative meaning, are examined: the possibility of formation of adverbs from adjectives and nouns.

The article presents the course and results of linguistic experimental study of the psychological reality of underlying representations about patriotism in the modern Russian linguistic consciousness, revealed by the author in previous studies of semantic content of the concept of PATRIOTISM according to the language. The aim of the study was to verify data obtained in the analysis of linguistic and textual material, and to clarify the peculiarities of linguistic realization of the concept of PATRIOTISM in the consciousness of modern Russian native speakers on the results of a chain associative experiment. The research material is the language data of associative experiment (associates of word-stimulus patriotism ), obtained by the author in the course of processing 100 profiles of the subjects. Methodological basis of research are the theoretical foundations and principles of analysis of “the language of national culture,” developed in modern Russian cultural linguistics in the framework of a cognitive-oriented anthropocentric paradigm of modern humanitarian knowledge. The study uses methods of modern conceptual analysis and the methodology of the associative chain experiment. The study has been verified and refined semantics of the concept of PATRIOTISM, including 17 cognitive characteristics in the national conceptual sphere at the present stage. Practical significance of the research is that the main results can be used in the creation of training and methodological support in teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as in the practice of compiling dictionaries of a new type -- dictionaries of concepts and linguistic thesauri.

Genre-compositional and lexical-semantic specifics of the English advertising SEO-texts, which are an integral part of advertising website, are considered. Advertising SEO-text is understood as a genre of advertising discourse in computer-mediated communication produced by taking into account the requirements of search engines and designed to produce a specific pragmatic effect - it urges the recipient to purchase or use the services. It is indicated that advertising SEO-text is not adequately considered in the scientific literature. It is shown that the appearance of this variety of the advertising text is determined by successful operation of the advertising sites in communicative space of the Internet, which in turn requires the use of specific technologies of text generation. The analysis is based on a corpus of advertising SEO-texts, selected by continuous sampling from the main pages of commercial sites in the UK and USA. Basic elements of genre and compositional structure of advertising SEO-text are identified, and their pragmatic and communicative functions are discussed. The analysis of means of implementation of text-forming categories of advertising SEO-text allowed the author to conclude that the category of cohesion is realized mainly by marking the main theme of SEO-text by lexical means of the language, which are in hypero-hyponymic and synonymic semantic relations and are the means of representation of underlying concepts designed to ensure the primary pragmatic function of advertising.

The article is devoted to the axioms of law as a value-regulatory foundations for legal discourse, explaining the choice of actions and directing the development of the communicative events in the institutional environment. Axiomatics of legal discourse and its types today attracts a wide range of researchers. This is due to the idea that values are the binder component of any institutional community, and the fact that legal discursive practices and their types are a way of approval and constant reproduction of value meanings, which mediate society’s attitude to the law and its representatives. The author shows that the axioms of law are function in the form of concise, stylistically organized, aphoristically compressed utterances, that is, ready-made formulas-symbols of institutional culture. Linguistically-relevant constitutive signs of the axioms of law (precedent, prescriptively, generality, aphoristic brevity, etc.), their specific functions (cumulative, regulatory, informative and symbolic) as the precedent texts of the institutional culture are distinguished. The typological and communicative characteristics of the units in a pragmatic aspect, methods of text-construction as imperative statements are described. The impact of these value phenomena on forming the scripts of institutional interaction, on mental models of appropriate participation in the discourse, on the inner workings of institutional life and its speech and action manifestation is analyzed. Attention is paid to value transformations at the level of informal axiomatic formation of institutional culture.

The results of the comparative analysis of the patterns of representation of collective memory in forming the image of the past in German and Russian media are presented. Collective memory is interpreted by the authors in the framework of the theory of social communication as a discursive construct, functioning in the social chronotopos as the set of actions of a society for symbolic reconstruction of the past in the present. The described semantic interaction is characterized by the subject-object relations between the sender and the receiver of the message, manipulative nature, “packaging” of meaning in the content before a communicative act, impact on cognitive and axiological sphere of the addressee. On the Russian and German-language material the argumentation and compositional tactics of implementation of the strategies for positive and negative representations of the past and the tactics of deactualization of fragments of the past in the media are analyzed. General and national-specific features of reactualization and reinterpretation of collective memory in two linguistic cultures are defined. The authors come to the conclusion that the overall discursive practices in Russian media are distinguished by the desire of the sender to the emotional involvement of the recipient, an active appeal to the individual experience of the sender, the high relevance of the identification and orientation on the implied opposite position of the message recipient.

The peculiarities of linguistic realization of the concept of TRUTH in the modern Russian language are revealed. The aim of the investigation is a complex cognitive-oriented analysis of the semantic content and cognitive characteristics of the concept of TRUTH according to the lexicographical sources. The research material are basic Russian etymological and explanatory dictionaries, phraseological dictionaries and paremiological sources. The study is based on theoretical principles of analysis of cultural-significant information. The study uses the methodology for the analysis of the concepts developed and tested in the works of scholars of Lobachevsky State University. The study identifies 7 cognitive signs of the concept of TRUTH: (1) what indicates real state of affairs; the truth; (2) the authenticity, truthfulness; (3) moral ideal, justice, goodness; (4) adequate reflection of objective reality in human consciousness (in philosophy); (5) the approval, judgment, established by science, proven by experience; (6) the idea of divine law; (7) banality. According to the author of the article, in the national conceptosphere there is the opposition of the concepts of PRAVDA and ISTINA ‘truth’ by the criterion of the evaluation ( pravda is estimated as more important than istina ). Practical significance of the research lies in the possibility to use its results in university teaching Russian as a foreign language, in compiling dictionaries of a new type - dictionaries of concepts and linguistic thesauri.

The analysis of steady comparisons with the references of starik , starichok ‘the old man,’ starukha , starushka ‘the old woman’ is made on the background of the Chinese language. Based on the analysis, the extension of the set of grounds for each reference was revealed in comparison with units recorded in the dictionary, and also similarities and differences in the grounds for comparisons in the two linguistic cultures were identified. It is suggested that similarities are due to universal objective characteristics of the elderly: their physical condition, certain features of appearance and behaviour. The differences of the used grounds for the same reference in two languages lie in the fact that, firstly, the views about the mind, the wisdom of the old man in the minds of the representatives of the two cultures are diametrically divergent. The old man in the view of Russian native speakers - the standard of wisdom, and for native Chinese speakers - no. Secondly, lacunar grounds for comparisons for the Russian linguistic culture are ‘slow’ and ‘stubborn’ about the old man. Thirdly, the grounds ‘funny’ and ‘cute’ in relation to the old man are also not used in the Russian steady comparisons. These differences are due to the influence of Chinese media on the one hand, promoting active lifestyle of older people (‘funny’ and ‘cute’), on the other hand, introducing into linguistic consciousness of native speakers the image of the evil older woman (‘grumpy’ and ‘evil’).

The article is devoted to the description of derived prepositions soobrazno ( s ) ‘in accordance (with)’ within a system of means of expression the relations of comparison. The research urgency is caused by necessity of systematization of the arsenal of service words, marking certain types of relationships, by identifying their belonging to the core or the periphery of the system. The novelty of this work lies in the object of study: these prepositions were not systematically analysed. The study of the functioning of prepositions is carried out in accordance with a methodology allowing to identify syntagmatic and semantic properties of prepositions. The focus of the study is the specificity of the compatibility of the mentioned prepositions. The result is that the syntagmatic properties of soobrazno and soobrazno s allow to consider them as formal variants. Results are presented of a comparative analysis of co-occurrence possibilities of the mentioned prepositions and prepositions within the core of means of expression of the relationship of conformity. The work concludes about the fundamental difference between the syntagmatic properties of prepositions soobrazno and soobrazno s and v sootvetstvii s and coincidence is revealed of the syntagmatic properties of analyzed in this work prepositions and preposition sootvetstvenno . In the result, the conclusion is made about the presence of semantic specificity of the prepositions of one semantic group.

The results of the analysis of contextual uses of the Russian derived preposition v kachestve and one of its French equivalents - prepositional expression à titre de - are presented. The relevance of the study stems from the importance of the category of “identity” for the human understanding of the world and from the need of a detailed study of the phenomena representing this concept. The novelty of the study lies in the choice of units for analysis and the approach to their description. The material was journalistic texts in two languages chosen from text databases (text corpus and newspapers archives). The work briefly reviews the linguistic literature devoted to the phenomenon of identity, special attention is paid to indicators and means of expression of identity in language. The question about the existence of special types of syntactic constructions with the meaning of identity, introduced by some prepositional units, in the Russian and French languages is raised. It is proved that the Russian preposition v kachestve and the French prepositional expression à titre de can establish relations of identity (functional and ontological) between the components within syntax. The author concludes that both examined prepositional units can be considered the indicators of identity along with other morphological and lexical indicators.

The problem of description of nominative sets in dictionary of social vocabulary of ideographic type is discussed. The purpose of creation of such dictionary is seen in the development of a comprehensive description of the words, calling the facts, objects, relations, interactions from the social sphere. The author reports that for this purpose linguistic units are extracted from the dictionaries of literary language, slang and dialects in different historical periods. It is indicated that the value of forming ideography is in the search and description of linguistic facts, not yet committed to existing dictionaries. The new material is taken primarily from newspaper journalism, which refers to important social and political issues. The rules for the selection of social categories on the basis of the analysis of assertive and presuppositional zones of word meaning are described. The methods of compiling dictionary entries and including illustrative material is explained. It is shown that the analysis of contexts identifies the examples of actualization of shades of meaning, connotations, optional semes, marking the belonging to the category of social vocabulary. In other cases, “social” forms nuclear part in the structure of language unit meaning. A fragment of the nominations of ideograph “mass action against the official authorities,” including linguistic facts from different time periods and linguistic idioms.

The names of certain trees in the local topography of the Udmurt Republic are discussed. The frequency of use of the names of the trees in the microtoponyms is revealed. The lexical-semantic types of microtoponymic names associating with everyday phenomena (activities of the inhabitants of a particular locus, events and experiences of certain people) or reflecting the links with the system of calendar and family rites are identified and analyzed. It is noted that “the names” of trees-characters as private manifestation of an archaic cult of trees marked the area, denoting sacred space of concrete calendar or family ritual, symbolized the centre of the Universe within a concrete locus. The authors give information that the villagers celebrated the coming of spring and the first out in the field ( гуджор , акашка ), summer peak ( гэршид / трочин¢ ) and summer end ( гэрбэр ) near such trees. The tree in the context of the rite also symbolized the natural stairs as one of the ways of ascension sacrifice to the gods. The tree marked the border of “alien” and “own” space: here one “met” relatives of groom, or “parted” (with a recruit). The recruiting rituals explicit mythological idea of a tree as the deputy of the human soul. The authors conclude that the most common for microtoponymy of Udmurt Republic are the names of the trees that retain echoes of pre-Christian religious beliefs associated with the notions of spirits - hosts of nature, most often about “the forest man” / “the forest owner” ( н ¢ улэсмурт ), gifts to him are usually presented under the fir tree ( њаз ¢ эг/с ¢ ийон ¢ н ¢ и ). The microtoponyms associated with the cult of ancestors are also of such frequency. The belief in the necessity of feeding the souls of the dead relatives, especially parents, are saved in the names of the trees that “took” a memorial sacrifice ( лы / куйан , йыр-пыд/с ¢ отон ). The microtoponyms given in the article are analyzed in the context of a mythological worldview and a broad typological correspondences with Slavic and other Finno-Ugric peoples.

The legends about the robber Mark is analysed, whose name refer to a small hill near the village Sadovoye of Novospassky district of the Ulyanovsk region. It is noted that holding the name of a real person in the name of the settlement or natural object is one of the ways of preserving national historical memory, as well as an important and meaningful component of the cultural landscape. It is shown that oral stories about the robber Mark develops some typical motifs: indication of the place of stay, “noble” robbery, help to farmers etc. It is noted that the motif of the secret love of Mark is unusual, having a detailed plot. It is indicated that the analysis of the current existence of legends demonstrates their widespread popularity. The author notes that, in addition to the traditional method of retranslation - orally in the family from older to younger, there are other ways: through the media, museum, school. The assimilation of legends can also occur non-traditionally, that is, not from older to younger, but, on the contrary, from junior to senior, if the latter settle in the area. It is shown that historians, cultural workers strive to give Mark’s mountain as a cultural landscape object the status of a local brand.

The image of Moscow as the Arcadia is considered in the early prose and memoirs by Apollon Grigoryev. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the image of Arcadia in Apollon Grigoryev’s prose did not become a subject of study of scholars, while it is undoubtedly unique: the writer moved Arkadia from rural space to urban. It is shown that the description of Zamoskvorechye as ideal space Grigoryev used images of the old house and garden, typical for manor of Arcadia, located usually in rural areas. In accordance with Grigoryev’s own classification in his memoirs there are “generic” and “dreamy” Arcadia, indicating the elements of an ideal topos, which can be found in early prose. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the “dreamy” Arcadia, which acquires a double dimension: personal, biographical, and ideological associated with pochvennichestvo beliefs of the writer. It is proved that Grigoryev’s aim was to present Zamoskvorechye, and with it the whole Moscow as “the Russian soil.” This conclusion the author makes based on the fact that Grigoryev at the level of poetics appeals to the categories central to pochvennichestvo. In the image of Arcadia there is also convergence of romantic and realist poetics.

The article is devoted to peculiarities of the kinetic aspect of the performance of wedding songs. Based on Russian song folklore of southern and central districts of the Udmurt Republic, the author identified the ritual significance of movements that accompany the performance of wedding songs. The dialectal names for wedding songs are given. Summarized data on types of movements typical for different genres of wedding musical folklore. It is concluded that they are determined by the ethnographic context. The fact of perception by the informants of description of the action from the song text as the reality of the wedding ceremony is discovered. The examples of polyphonic layers of genres of wedding song folklore are demonstrated. The author shows that verbal, acoustic, musical, kinetic codes of ritual can have a different meaning in the performance of a number of wedding songs. It is noted that the kinetics of the performance of wedding songs has brightly expressed game nature. Verbal and kinetic parallels in the Russian wedding and calendar folk songs of the Udmurt Republic are analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that the combination of duplicating codes in the wedding ritual - kinetic, verbal, musical and other - have reinforced the sacred significance of the wedding ceremony. Semantic polyphony of codes of ritual gave the episodes of the wedding ceremony totality and one-time interaction between “this” and “other” worlds.

The subject of the research in this paper is the implementation of invective intentions in I. Brodsky’s poetry of period of arrest and exile (1964-1965). Scientific and methodological basis is the works on the analysis of the invective as a literary genre (by S. A. Matyash, A. S. Krakowyak, G. M. Bralina), as well as the works on the functioning of the invective in the speech in general (by O. Demidova, V. Zhelvis, A. Plotnikova, etc.). It is revealed that invective as a literary phenomenon has a specific structure and specific character of existence. Accusatory intentions, on the one hand, are inspired by sociocultural events linked with a conflict situation, and on another hand, by individually author’s vision. The novelty of the research is determined by the choice of artistic material. The complex of Joseph Brodsky’s lyrical texts is analysed. Key communicative strategy is identified which consists in the indirect denunciation of a generalized addressee endowed with the power. The principles of realization of invective intentions are characterized: not a direct confrontation between subject and opponent, but a suggestion of a negative attitude towards the offender by auto-communicative self-deprecating monologue-hint of the true recipient of the conviction. There is no mandatory component of invective - retribution to “offender”. Brodsky refuses to take on the role of the judge, acknowledging only the heavenly court. In the result of the analysis the presence of invective intentions in I. Brodsky’s poetry of specified period is confirmed.

The question of ethnicity of Chiyalikskaya culture natives, distinguished according to the materials of monuments in the lower reaches of the rivers Ik and Belaya is raised. The results of the comparative analysis of archeological data and written sources are presented. Despite the spread of Islam, the funeral rite chiliksky burial of 13th-14th centuries remained pagan relics characteristic of the Ugric peoples of the Urals. A review of the historiography showed that, being the part of the ethno-cultural habitat of Ugric peoples of the southern Urals, Chiyalikskaya culture was under strong influence of Volga Bulgaria. The findings are confirmed by data from written sources. As a result of gradual Turkification and Islamization the descendants of Chiyalikskaya culture natives became a part of Bashkirs. However, it is difficult to trace their history since the 14th century because of a lack of knowledge of archaeological sites and the lack of data of related sciences. It is proved that Ugric component in the ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs played not major, but rather local role: the descendants of natives of Chiyalikskaya culture considered to be the North-Western Bashkirs. Novelty of research consists in the fact that natives of Chiyalikskaya culture cannot be identified with the Bashkirs of written sources. Bashkirs could be the natives of monuments of seleukskiy type, synchronous to Chiyalikskaya culture and widespread in the southern Urals.

The issue of the current socio-economic situation among the Shapsugs (indigenous people of the Russian Federation), currently live in Tuapse and Lazarevsky districts of Sochi, is considered. Special attention is paid to problems of conservation, allocation and protection of “native habitat” (“ethnic territories”) of Shapsugs and their traditional way of life. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that the politicization of these issues continues. Reduction of territories for a number of indigenous ethnic groups in which they originally lived and led their farm, the pendency of the issue contributes to increasing tensions in Black Sea region. For Shapsugs it is due to the privatization of agricultural land in the 1990-ies and the expansion of nature conservation areas of Sochi city-resort. Periodically the issue is raised about the re-establishment of territorial autonomy in the form of the Shapsug national district - as one of the guarantors of the distinguishing and protection of “native habitat.” The study defined the concept of “ethnic territory,” equivalent to the concept of “territory of traditional nature use.” The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the situation in other regions of the Russian Federation (Shor national park, Kemerovo region). The attempts to resolve the difficulties are considered. The work is performed on the basis of analysis of historiography, media publications and documents of the Administration of Krasnodar region, data on the national public associations and congresses of Shapsugs.

The article is devoted to identification and characterization of regional characteristics of the First Russian revolution in the context of food security of the population by the example of Kuzbass region of 1902-1909. The main material served are the works by “pre-revolutionary” (A. S. Ermolov, V. M. Obukhov), “Soviet” (G. W. Buzurbaev, Z. G. Karpenko, etc.) and modern authors (S. V. Makarchuk, M. V. Shilovsky, etc.). The work demonstrates that a series of bad events in agriculture of the country European provinces contributed to the growth of social tension among the peasants. It is proved that acutely this was evident during the First Russian revolution of 1905-1907. Special attention is paid to the analysis of regional characteristics of the problem. The article evaluates and compares the level of food security of the population of European Russia provinces during the First Russian revolution and the food security of the population of Kuzbass region in the early 20th century. The impact of bad crop events on the depth of social protests among the peasants of Kuzbass region during the First Russian revolution is discussed. The relevance of the study is determined by the centenary of the Great Russian revolution.

The phenomenon of celebration as reflection of the history and culture of people is examined. The article focuses on holidays of the Russian emigration of 1920-1930. It is shown that the holidays of pre-revolutionary Russia in emigration contributed to the unity of the emigre community and preservation of cultural traditions. It is noted that the preparation of festive events and participation in it served as a mechanism of identity preservation and transmission of historical memory. It is stated that the form of organization of holidays are solemn assemblies, lectures, meetings, exhibitions; the format of the event depended on the social and age group for which it was prepared. A review of the basic holidays of the foreign Russia in the interwar period marked the emergence of emegrants’ holidays: “Day of Russian culture” and “Day of the Russian child.” It is shown that the unwillingness of immigrants to accept the Soviet reality and the desire to preserve the values and traditions of a homeland for the descendants was expressed in the tradition to celebrate the holidays of pre-revolutionary Russia. It is concluded that the communication process during the preparation of the event strengthened the identification of refugees with the emigre community, which symbolized an abandoned Homeland. Collective action contributed to the perception of emigration in the eyes of the local community as a cohesive body, with its cultural and historical features.

The aims of this article are: (1) delineation of the categories of “casual” and “normal” based on the results of the study of archival materials documenting the daily activities of the Internal guard troops, particularly their disciplinary and legal violations; (2) identification of the characteristics of the daily activities of the internal troops of the Russian Empire in the following areas: staffing the army, maintenance of public order, officers’ interpersonal relations. To achieve the said goals, the methods of historical research are used: systemic and narrative. The author claims that minor breaches of the discipline and regulations by military personnel of Separate corps of Internal guards were everyday in nature, but the recurrence did not legalize them, that is they did non become the norm of behaviour. The activity of the Inner guard in ensuring public order, restriction of access of citizens to drinking establishments could bring losses to the owners of such establishments. It is noteworthy that abuse of authority by an officer of the Inner guard (Lieutenant Strizhevsky) in the implementation of such actions was suppressed only by military and civil authorities at the level of the governorate. The everyday nature of the practice of evasion of the population from military service through the conclusion of an unintended legal agreements with the officers who carried out the recruitment were noted. The interaction between the commanders of the internal troops of awareness on the personal qualities of military personnel, transferring from unit to unit, was identified.

The article is devoted to the subject insufficiently developed in the national historiography, especially in regard to its regional dimension. The study is conducted on materials of three archives: State archive of Sverdlovsk region, Russian state archive of Economics and archive of the Territorial body of Federal state statistics service for Sverdlovsk region with the assistance of the scientific and publicistic literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its importance for the social sciences, especially for history. The purpose of writing the article was to study the level of acquisition of food and industrial goods in the 1960s by single farmers of Sverdlovsk region. Scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the new materials discovered by the author in these archives are introduced into scientific usage. It is noted that the present work is logically continuing two recently published articles on monetary income and expenditure of urban residents and farmers of the Middle Urals. It is emphasized that more than half the cost of single farmers was the cost of food. It is stated that there was a serious differentiation of the surveyed farmers in terms of consumption of food. It is claimed that the basis of the daily ration of farmers were typically “rustic” foods: flour, potatoes, vegetables and melons, eggs, dairy products. It is argued that single farmers ate much better than the other farmers of the Middle Urals. It is proved that the main types of manufactured goods purchased by farmers were clothes, underwear, jerseys, hats and shoes. It is declared that significant cost to farmers was the purchase of alcohol. The conclusion is made that the alcoholism of the village began in the 1950-ies.

The article is devoted to the history of the Persian cultural society Anjuman-Hairia functioned in Astrakhan in 1909-1911. It is noted that the growth of national consciousness of Russian Muslims in the early 20th century was marked by the creation of national and local organisations to develop a programme of ethno-confessional development, to formulate the main issues of cultural movement, etc. One such organization was intended to become Astrakhan Shiite society “Anjuman,” uniting the Turks of the Transcaucasia, subjects of the Russian and the Persian crowns. It is shown that the origins of its creation stood on the rich Shiite merchants who set general tone in the organization, repurposing it mainly for charity. It is stated that participation in the activities of the society of residents, who were Persian subjects, and of Persian Consul directly, determined rather complex perception of the organization by the Russian authorities in the period under review. Special attention is paid to the analysis of practical activities of the organization and the reasons that led to its closure. Through the involvement of archival sources and materials of periodicals of the early 20^th century the author gives a comprehensive analysis of the main areas of activity, describes the specifics of the organizational forms of “Anjuman” society. The role of society in the development of Shiites’ primary education in Astrakhan outside the framework of confessional communities is emphasized.

The article raises the question of the inclusion customary law in the subject field of ethnological examinations as a separate section devoted to functioning in the environment of the studied ethnic groups. The relevance of the development is the manifestation of this phenomenon as a sustained stabilization factor (regulator) of ethno-social situation in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation. In addition, there is an ambivalent attitude to this phenomenon by regional authorities. Based on the experience of the ethnological expertise formalization of primary data obtained during field work is proposed on the five key features, defining the place of customary law in current legal systems. The author focuses on the need for analysis of the interaction of two ethno-social processes: the conservation (formation) of social institutions which function is the regulation of social relations based on customary law and development of a wide range of forms of ethnic entrepreneurship. It is proved that the change in the subject area should be based on correction of research procedures and a list of key indicators in the model regulations for ethnological assessments.

The article, prepared with the financial support of Russian State Scientific Foundation (RGNF) within the project No. 17-11-14003, the attempt is made to characterize the general situation of reindeer herding in the first post-Soviet period on the basis of the dynamics of the population. This is the main parameter of the prosperity of the Northern economy. The affected sphere is of scientific interest to study traditional economy of indigenous peoples of the North. The problem of development of traditional sectors of the economy considered in the projection of the characteristics quantity of reindeer herding of the population and its specific weight by categories of farms. The study of this question as a hypothesis put forward against the background of general characteristics of the Northern farms in the 1990-ies the view that the dynamics of the number of livestock and the ratio of the share of livestock have their certain characteristics for outcome - the assessment of development of the reindeer industry in the study period in different categories of agriculture, natural-economic zoning of the area groups engaged in reindeer herding. It is important to show that, despite the known socio-economic problems in the development of reindeer herding, a more complete picture of the changes in the main quantitative indicator as historically measure of well-being and traditional economy of the North in the most difficult post-Soviet period can be presented based on the analysis of official statistical and archival data.

The issue of ethno-social structure dynamics and ethno-social wellbeing of the population in the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered on the basis of the results of the censuses and data of ethno-sociological surveys conducted in 1989-2010 in the region. Special attention is paid to the representation of a particular ethnic group in the leading sectors of industry, administration, education. For a better vision of ethno-social development of the Republic in general the tables with data on types of economic activities and social identification are given. The results of a comparative analysis of social structure of the major ethnic groups of Bashkortostan are presented: Russians, Bashkirs, Tatars. The paper raised the question of their unequal access to power and management structures, to the budget places in universities etc. An attempt was made to prove the direct influence of the transformation of ethno-social structure on social well-being of the population and their correlation. The authors come to the conclusion that fundamental changes that occurred during the market economy brought about changes in ethno-social population structure. There are new social stratas (classes), which in the scientific literature began to be divided according to their social status and well-being.

Analytical review of the typical difficulties of students of secondary vocational education and higher education (bachelor course) in the study of Mstyora lacquer miniature painting at the creative level of development is presented. It is noted that the artistic activity of young professionals, expressing themselves in creative activity and affecting the current state of the art of Mstyora, is determined in general by iconographic direction. The research urgency is caused by necessity of revealing the ways of preservation and development of unique art of Mstyora lacquer miniature painting, which is an integral part of the national artistic culture, in the framework of the professional education in this field. It is noted that in secondary vocational education one cannot in full formulate those qualities which will enable the graduate to independently solve the task of creating a holistic artistic image. Therefore, the continuation of education at bachelor course is considered a good opportunity for creative development of the future specialist. However, the author shows that at this time there is a trend in downwarding students’ interest to achieve the highest point of creative development. The causes of the problem and ways of its overcoming are discussed: removal or leveling.

The question of the content of psychological and pedagogical support of teachers’ experience of professional identity crisis is raised. Researches of domestic and foreign scientists related to the study of crisis and crisis states of personality, including crises of professional development are reviewed. The phenomenon of professional identity crisis refers to long-lasting non-equilibrium state of the subject of work caused by the misalignment of value-semantic sphere of personality, actualizing the process of experiencing in which there is a transformation of the personality substructures. A definition of the phenomenon of experience of professional identity crisis is given. It is the work on elimination of the disintegration of value-semantic sphere of the subject of work, which is governed by specific psychological mechanisms (value-semantic, reflective, anticipating), and externally manifested in the transformation of general strategy of subject’s activity. On the basis of the study a detailed definition of psychological and pedagogical support of teachers experience of professional identity crisis is given. It is a system of measures for mainstreaming of vocational and psychological potential of the subject of activities for the constructive resolution of professional identity crisis. As methodological approaches and principles to the design and implementation of psychological and pedagogical support systemic, synergistic, contextual, historical and evolutionary, phenomenological approaches are offered.

The use of poetic works by English authors at foreign language lessons is covered. The use of poetry in the teaching process is assessed from the point of view of formation of communicative and other skills of the cadets of departmental educational institutions. It is shown that the study of literary works not only forms the worldview of students, their independent aesthetic perception of the world through the realization of the author’s idea, but also contributes to the development of practical language skills. The author’s development of studying poetry at the English language lessons in the Law departmental University is presented. The results of the study show the importance of integrated training in a foreign language and literature. It is noted that the analysis of literary works, the idea of which is expressed in poetic form, allows students to develop observation skills, to improve their thinking and also promotes the formation of communicative competence, encourages them to express their views, while memorizing poems improves memory. It is shown that knowing of the cultural heritage, particularly literature, at foreign language lessons, and the introduction of other cultural elements in the teaching material enhance the understanding of the cadets on the facts of social and cultural sphere and contribute to the development of appropriate skills, which indicates the achievement of the teacher’s pedagogical goals.

The review of the monograph by V. V. Kolchina and M. G. Sergeyeva “The Formation of Innovative-Entrepreneurial Competence of Students - Future Managers,” published in 2016, characterizes the methodological developments of the authors of the monograph. It is reported that the book presents theoretical and methodological bases of formation of innovative and entrepreneurial competence of students - future managers. The development of the original model with justification of complex of pedagogical conditions promoting its effective implementation in educational process of pedagogical university in accordance with stakeholder requirements and modern standards is positively evaluated.

The article reports on the international conference “Turkic World: Actual Problems,” which took place at the Ural Federal University in October 2017. In the conference took part scientists from Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Uzbekistan.

The review of the monograph by V. V. Kolchina and M. G. Sergeyeva “Formation of Innovative-Entrepreneurial Competence of Students - Future Managers,” published in 2016, presents a brief annotation of studied by the authors scientific and practical problems of training a professional manager demanding in the labour market and able to effectively carry out professional activities.