This article is a continuation of the study on linguodidactics discourse, which focuses on the problems of modern language education in Japan. The purpose of this study is to examine the processes of interaction between the global West-oriented and local Japanese English-language linguo-didactic discourse in the educational space of Japan, as well as to identify conflict areas arising in the process of this interaction. The problem of interaction of these discourses is considered by the author on the material of the terms relating to the basic category of linguodidactics, namely to the category “Teacher.” It is assumed that the analysis of terms in this category will determine common areas and differences in interest of the authors of discourses - native speakers and non-native English speakers, as well as identify the key provisions and problems in modern language education in Japan. In this paper, discourse analysis is carried out on the basis of three-aspect analysis of the linguo-didactic term. This method of analysis allows to conduct an interdisciplinary study involving the sphere of discourse analysis, terminology and intercultural communication. Particular attention is paid to the identification and analysis of the key problems of interaction of the discourses under consideration, such as the problem of interaction between a native English teacher and a Japanese English teacher; the problem of professional development of a Japanese teacher; the problem of communicative English language teaching in Japan.

The features of the organization of research in China in the field of language policy, the importance of understanding which is due to the implementation of the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Road.” It is shown that the success of the implementation of this project is directly related to the language policy implemented both in the People’s Republic of China and in the countries in the sphere of interests of the initiative “One Belt, One Road.” It is noted that in recent years there has been a tendency to intensify research on the language policy of the countries which are along the main economic routes of this project. The author analyzes the studies in the Chinese CNKI database, on the basis of which he argues that the interest of scientists in the language policy of foreign countries, including the former Soviet republics before 1991, was clearly expressed as a result of the adoption of the initiative “One Belt, One Road.” It is shown that the scientific research of Chinese scientists in the field of language policy find practical application in the implementation of training programs for specialists who speak not only languages of international communication, but also languages that do not have this status, for example, Hungarian, Czech, Uzbek. It is argued that the attention to the language policy of other states allows China to adjust its policy in this area and to form a positive image of itself in the eyes of the world community.

The relevance of the work is determined by the analysis of microtoponymy of the Perm Region, which is poorly studied. The language models of spatial relations expression on the material of Perm toponymy are considered for the first time. The author dwells on the characteristics of the spatial model of proximity / remoteness in toponymic system of Perm Region. The article determines the main indicators of proximity / remoteness of geographical object from the settlement, these indicators are the attributes дальний / ближний , as well as their partial synonyms окольный / удворный, уличный . It is noted that the idea of remoteness can be expressed indirectly, with the help of attributes of non-spatial nature: дикий , глухой , бедняцкий / поваренный , назёмный , поповский . The paper also analyzes geographical terms that are the parts of microtoponyms that can have the semantics of remoteness. As a rule, these terms are related to slash-and-burn farming system. The author also describes microtoponyms expressing the idea of spatial proximity by means of adjectives formed from the names of settlements and by means of prepositional-case constructions. It is concluded that in the Perm microtoponymy there are the same spatial patterns that exist in other toponymic systems, but some of them are specific.

The question of quasi-equivalent relations in translation is considered. It is shown that the units of the source and target languages are in relations of asymmetry. Particular attention is paid to the fact that a significant degree of asymmetry is manifested not only in the comparison of systems of two languages, but also in the establishing correlations between the use of language units in speech, namely in the folklore and mythological context. It is shown that in the transmission of lexical units in the folklore-mythological text there are certain difficulties caused not only by the incongruence of lexical systems of two languages, cognitive and cultural complications, but also by the fact that in the folklore-mythological context a word is a unit of the secondary sign system, that is, in addition to the basic meaning, a word has a folklore-mythological one. The definition of quasi-equivalence in translation is given, this phenomenon is considered at the semantic and pragmatic levels. The article presents the results of comparative translation analysis, which can be used in courses on comparative linguoculturology, translation theory and practice to clarify the methods and principles of assessing the quality of translation, as well as the creation of comparative linguoculturological dictionaries that which do not exist today.

The article discusses text pairs of business letters (citizen appeal / official response). Within the framework of official correspondence as a special type of dialogical interaction, two texts with a single topic specified in the original letter are called a text pair. The aim is to substantiate the thematic correspondence of texts forming such a pair as a significant, though not the only, criterion of the quality of business reply letters. The detailed speech analysis of the material is carried out on the basis of the categorical-textual concept, according to which the category of the topic is expressed with the help of functionally identical names of the subject of speech (thematic chain), as well as their distributors. The preliminary stage of the analysis identifies and schematizes the composition of the thematic chains of the initial and response letters; the main stage is related to the comparison of the data obtained. The comparison of the thematic chains of the initial and response letters allows objectifying the conclusions about the degree of thematic correspondence of the texts that make up the pair. These conclusions are based on the analysis of the correlation of the main and additional thematic chains of the text, and most importantly - on the nature of the reproduction of the theme set in the address in the response official letter. It is argued that the thematic correspondence of paired business letters is a necessary minimum of quality business communication.

The article is devoted to terminological collocations as one of the types of stable word combinations. The main approaches to defining terminological (specialized) collocations based on the works of a number of domestic and foreign authors are considered. The properties of collocations of this type in comparison with the main characteristics of natural language collocations are described. An attempt is made to determine the status of terminological collocations in linguistics. It is shown that distinguishing the terminological collocations in a separate group of lexical units is possible only within a broad approach to the concept of “collocation,” as these word combinations are characterized by varying degree of semantic cohesion of their components. A typology of terminological collocations with their division into term-forming and term-containing is proposed. The main focus is on collocations that are part of the political terminology of the English and Turkish languages with examples from lexicographical sources, as well as national corpora of these languages and special corpora created in the Sketch Engine system.

The presents an analysis of linguopragmatics of ecological Internet discourse based on studying the content of English websites of the most well-known international environmental organizations. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that, despite the great interest of scientists to different types and genres of ecological Internet discourse, its linguistic-pragmatic potential as a complex phenomenon has not yet received full scientific coverage. The paper shows that the investigated segment of virtual environmental communication is organized on the basis of a linguistic-pragmatic model, which includes the following components: goal, intention / communicative-pragmatic attitudes, strategies, tactics. This generalized model, revealing the intentions of an addressee, is concretized by the author for the English-language ecological Internet discourse. Particular attention is paid to the main communication strategies of the analyzed discourse, among which there are the strategies of informing, persuasion and evaluation, increasing the activity of an addressee. It is established that these strategies are implemented by information and explaining tactics, tactics of attracting attention, reasoning through an appeal to the facts, authoritative opinion, feelings of an addressee, tactics of positive self-assessment and defamation of the opponent, tactics of inducement, invitation, call, appeal, feedback from an addressee. The author characterizes lexical, lexical-grammatical and linguistic-stylistic means of verbalization of these tactics.

The article is devoted to the development of qualitative meaning of adjectives. A brief description of the lexical-grammatical categories of adjective is presented. The novelty of the study is seen in the description of one of the ways of semantic derivation, which acts as a mechanism for generating a secondary qualitative meaning in an originally relative adjective. The author offers for this the terminological designation “specialization of relation.” The essence of specialization is revealed, which consists in the fact that the general broad meaning of the relation expressed by a relative adjective is narrowed and concretized, which occurs due to the addition of a complicating semantic component. It is proved that adjectives, united by thematic generality of motivating basis, find an analogy in the method of quality formation: their secondary qualitative meaning is formed by adding a semantic component standard for this group. The specialization of relation is shown by the example of adding semantic components related to the idea of a large number.

The article presents the main results of the study of the Life of Korniliy Pereslavsky in the aspect of linguistic explication of ideas about the monk and other clergymen in the text. The study was conducted on the material of the only known list of the first edition (1706) and the list of the second edition on the earliest list of the Russian state library (late 18^th century). It is shown that verbs with semantics of perception are among the most important linguistic means used in the description of the monk and other clergymen. It is established that verbs of visual and auditory perception are used in the list of the first edition, whereas only verbs of visual perception are used in the list of the second edition. The commonality in the use of perceptual verbs in the creation of images in the lists under consideration is found. It is established that the verbs of auditory perception mainly realize direct meanings, which reflect the perception of texts read during the services, as well as obtaining information from the words of other people. It is shown that the verbs of visual perception reveal both direct and figurative meanings. The author comes to the conclusion that the process of obtaining information about people and objects of reality is reflected in direct meanings, and the connection of visual perception and thought processes, especially significant in the description of the monk, is fixed in figurative meanings of verbal units.

This article is devoted to the secondary functions of rhetorical questions with interrogative adverbs где , куда and откуда . It is shown for the first time that these rhetorical questions can be used to substantiate the speaker’s opinion, support the addressee’s words, express refusal, objection or evaluate the addressee’s action as inappropriate. Particular attention is paid to the semantic specificity of rhetorical questions with these words: when performing the function of justification, for example, rhetorical questions with the words где , куда and откуда can preserve the spatial meaning and signal that there is no place that meets the conditions, or it exists in a single version, or there are many such places. It is also proved that, in addition to spatial meanings, rhetorical questions with these words can express different figurative meanings: purpose of action ( куда ); method of action ( где , откуда ); source of information ( откуда ); the reason for the appearance of a new situation ( откуда ). Also rhetorical questions are presented, in which the words где and куда can undergo desemantization.

The article is devoted to the methodology, theory and practice of etymological research in Romance linguistics. The paper presents general regularities of the construction of the Romance etymological dictionaries and the main directions in the modern Romance etymology. The relevance of the work is determined by the special importance of etymology for the Romance languages, which origin and development is well documented, as well as by the limited use of Romance material outside the circle of novelists. Special attention is paid to dictionaries of French and Italian languages. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that the paper identifies the main lines of development of modern etymological studies both in retrospect and in prospect. The article shows how the etymological method that establishes the origin of the word and the historical analysis that recreates the history of the word are combined in the application to the Romance languages, as well as how the phonetic, morphological and semantic components are correlated in the etymological study.

The article highlights the dependence of the degree to which the content of the source text is reproduced in translation on the peculiarities of the communicative situation and the translation strategy. The problem is topical due to the need to specify the strategies of specialized translation in the framework of the communicative-functional approach to translation. Three types of strategies as well as communicative situations in which translation is used are defined. The text of a register receipt and its translations is used for analysis. Special attention is paid to substantiation of the necessity to take into account the needs of the target text recipient and the translation goal in choosing a translation strategy and the means of its implementation. The authors argue that the content of a specialized text is reproduced in translation to the degree which is predetermined by the characteristics of the substantive activity of the target text end-user. It is also argued that the provisions of the so called text-oriented approach to translation have no validity for choosing a strategy of translating a specialized text. The research is innovative for the fact that it proves that there is no need to reproduce the content of a specialized text in full in some communicative situations. The notion of ergonomics of translation defined as convenience to use the target text by its recipient is novel.

Tolstoyan text in the works by I. Ilf and E. Petrov is considered. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the study of supertext structures in modern literary studies is primarily focused on topographical texts (St. Petersburg, Crimea, Venice, London, Perm, etc.) while nominal texts (Pushkinsky, Gogolevsky, Chekhovsky) are little studied and the methodology of their study is not clear. The author offers her definition of Tolstoyan text, as well as methods and techniques for studying such text structures. It is argued that the basis of Tolstoyan text is the myth of L. N. Tolstoy. The structure of the Tolstoyan myth is analyzed, its inherent myths (mythological constant ideas) that were created and reproduced by writers-satirists are revealed. To do this, the author analyzes the novels, stories, feuilletons and essays, as well as documentary materials about the life and death of L. N. Tolstoy, which were made public by the end of the 1920s - mid 1930s. Attention is focused on the originality of Tolstoyan text, typical to satirical works. The question of features of perception of the myth about L. N. Tolstoy is raised in the culture of the first third of the 20^th century.

The history of the formation and development of the missionary brotherhood of the Holy cross in Nizhny Novgorod is presented. Attention is paid to the issues of organization, formation of the budget of the brotherhood and its branches, problems of organization and work of these institutions. In the analysis it was found out that for more than forty-year term functioning the brotherhood of the Holy cross had significantly expanded the scope of its activities, covering all the deanery districts of the diocese with its branches, attracting new forces to its ranks. It is noted that by 1913 the budget of the brotherhood had increased 10 times. It is reported that the brotherly library had increased. The author emphasizes that for a quarter of a century the process of drawing up the uniform rules of the organization of the branches of the brotherhood had been delayed; among them there were those that functioned at the expense of the enthusiasm of individual priests or secular zealots of the faith. It is concluded that the appearance in 1902 of the General Charter of the branches brought order, uniformity in their organization and created the basis for providing them with funds. It is shown that the main missionary load lay on the clergy, but in the work of the brotherhood the secular persons of the peasants also showed activity. The lack of finance had not allowed to implement some ideas: to open a charitable institution, to issue regular missionary magazine, etc.

The article presents a pioneer attempt to analyze the role and place of women’s organizations and associations in the daily life of female residents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The relevance of the article is due to both the presence of a historiographical lacuna on the topic and the existing public demand for coverage of regional women’s history and gender history. Special attention is paid to the chronological period from the turn of 20^th-21^st century to the present time. As a historical excursus the subjects of 1970-1980-ies were used as an example of active involvement of the Soviet women’s councils in the daily life of the Northern settlements. For a comparative analysis of changes in the women’s movement, the results of historical and sociological studies conducted in Yakutia almost 20 years ago were used. The alarming stability of some factors within women’s organizations is revealed, in particular, the age gap in the group of leaders that threatens the continuity of the women’s movement; there is also no tangible dynamics in the estimates of the female population of their own prospects for professional and career growth. The author dwells on the preserved traditions in the activities of the Union of women’s organizations as the successor of the women’s councils of Yakutia, she also reveals new trends in the development of the women’s movement. It is noted that with the quantitative growth of women’s organizations and the expansion of the palette of their work, there are few political associations among them. The article uses the materials of the project of the Union of women’s organizations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “Women of the North: realization of social potential.”

The researches of the Azerbaijani historian Rəsul Mehdixanov are discussed, which are dedicated to the history of the city of Shamkir, including a monograph published in 2016 and certain articles of the author, devoted, in particular, to the German colony existing in Shamkir in the 19^th century. It is shown that the studies by R. Mehdixanov provide the data on the development of one of the ancient cities in northwestern Azerbaijan. In particular, it is reported that the book “The History of the City of Shamkir” analyzes information about the origin of the city, the geography of the Shamkir region and Shamkir history from ancient times to the early 20^th century, and the articles explore certain aspects of the history of the city, especially after its inclusion in the Russian Empire. It is noted that a significant part of R. Mehdixanov’s research on the history of the city of Shamkir was made up of works devoted to the German settlement Annenfeld, which existed on the site of ancient Shamkir in 1818-1924 and became the basis for the modern city of Shamkir. The article identified several discrepancies and gaps concerning the history of the city of Shamkir and unaffected in the writings by R. Mehdixanov.

The analysis of the socio-economic state of the Middle Urals region (Sverdlovsk region) in the first years of radical reforms in the USSR (1986-1990) is made. The base for the study was a set of numerous statistical data, including those found by the author in the archives of the region. New materials are being introduced into circulation. Scientific novelty is seen in the fact that the reconstruction of the socio-economic state of the region in the critical period of its history was carried out. It is stated that the concentration of industrial production in the region was 4 times higher than in Russia. It is stated that under the domination of command and administrative management of the economy, even a very significant industrial potential of the region did not guarantee its basic food security. It is noted that the second half of the 1980s remained in the history of the USSR not only the period of the beginning of risky socio-economic reforms, but also years of growing socio-economic crisis. It is declared that the irreversible change in the life of the region occurred in 1989, when industrial production ceased to grow. It is argued that the tendency to “slide” into the crisis in various sectors of the economy of the Middle Urals had its own characteristics. It is concluded that it is necessary to correct the stereotypical perception of the events of the second half of the 1980s in the Middle Urals and in the whole country.

The article deals with the reconstruction of political and socio-economic views of V. P. Meshchersky and his role in the tsar’s circle, in organization of counter-reforms, development of the press, prohibition of Higher women’s courses. Attention is paid to the evaluation of monetary policy. The author proceeds from the fact that Meshchersky considered the preservation of the privileged position of the nobility to be the main thing in his activity. The author notes that Meshchersky paid great importance to finding out the reasons for the rapid spread of nihilism in society. It is emphasized that he left interesting and largely fair judgments about the deep contradictions of capitalist modernization. It is concluded that, in his opinion, the liberal reforms of Alexander II launched the process of destruction of traditional Russia. The results of the comparative analysis of V. P. Meshchersky’s concept of Russian development with the conservative concept of development of Russia by M. O. Menshikov are presented. Special attention is paid to the Prince’s assessment of the results of the peasant reform. It is shown that the requirement to give landed estates to peasants led to the spread of the ideas of peasant socialism. The question is raised about his attitude to the judicial statutes. The definition of protective conservatism is given. The author dwells on the reforms proposed by Meshchersky that can strengthen the autocracy. It is proved that his protective conservatism was a dead-end branch of domestic conservatism. A review of the historiography is made.

The article is devoted to the problem of developing in the Russian Empire State Duma of the 3^rd convocation (1907-1912) a set of anti-alcohol measures, which mainly concerned the peasant population of the country. Special attention is paid to the activities of deputies from the peasants in this direction. Their approaches to the problem of spread of sobriety in the Russian village are analyzed. The various stages of the special Duma “Commission on measures of fight against alcoholism” is discussed, among the members of which Samara deputy, Octobrist, a native of the peasants, M. D. Chelyshov stood out. On the other hand, the reaction of the Russian peasantry to the development of the anti-alcohol bill in the Duma is analyzed. To this end, the article involves various peasant letters and petitions sent to the people’s representation or published in the periodical press. On the basis of historical sources it is concluded that the rural inhabitants in the period under review as the most effective measure to combat alcoholism saw the elimination of drinking trade. Largely for this reason, the government in 1914 established “dry law” in the country. The novelty of the study is to attract diverse sources - previously unpublished archival data, verbatim records of Duma meetings, press materials.

The review of the monograph by doctor of philology Asif Hajiyev, Professor of the “Azerbaijan” University (Azerbaijan Republic), devoted to the theory and practice of mythological poetics in Russian prose of the second half of the XX century is presented. The subject, structure of the book, the main observations of the author of the reviewed work, the methods used and the style of presentation are characterized.