In the article, from the standpoint of cognitive poetics, the features of updating the RAUM conceptosphere in the poetry of R. M. Rilke are considered. The relevance of the study is due to insufficient knowledge of the phenomenon of the individual author’s conceptosphere of the poetic text, as well as the features of the functioning of text concepts in the work of R. M. Rilke. The objectives of the study are a layer-by-layer analysis of key artistic concepts in their relevance to the national language code, in identifying the functional characteristics of general cultural and individual-author elements of the concept sphere, in determining the cognitive-stylistic features of the poet’s idiollect. It is shown that the individual-author specifics of the RAUM conceptosphere by R. M. Rilke are distinguishing features of the categorization and specification of the semantics of concepts, whose names are the most common and significant lexemes with spatial semantics in the poet’s work. The significance of the spatial dimension in Rilke's poetry is indicated by the high recurrence of the exponents of the RAUM conceptosphere - the key concepts HAUS, ERDE, HIMMEL, WELTINNENRAUM together with other elements combined with them by synonymous, hyper-hyponymic and associative connection. It is proved that key concepts are a means of expressing personal meanings, the invariant content of which can be defined as the desire to overcome the limitations of earthly existence and to merge with a higher principle.

The functional-semantic specificity of a word nishchebrod in its original and modern meaning and usage is considered. The sources of the factual material of the study are normative and non-normative linguistic dictionaries, the National Corpus of the Russian Language, as well as metalanguage (reflexive) statements presented in the speech space of the Russian Internet, the object of which is the noun nishchebrod . The article analyzes the practice of lexicographic description of the word, provides necessary historical and cultural information about begging in Russia. The research is conducted in line with the semasiological approach to semantic derivation as a kind of secondary nomination. Special attention is paid to the development of semantic differentiation of canonical and actual for modern times meanings of the noun nishchebrod . Its paradigmatic context and lexical valences explicated in the discourse of the Russian Internet are considered. The conditionality of the emergence of neosemant nishchebrod by extralinguistic causes are stated - namely socio-economic, psychological and cultural conditions of existence of the Russian society in the first decade of the 21^st century. Nominative, functional, derivational, stylistic correspondences and inconsistencies between the native Russian word nishchebrod and fashionable Anglo-Americanism loser are revealed. Conclusions ae made on incomplete and non-total synonymy of words nishchebrod and loser , on the possibility of the formation of the bipolar structure of the core of the concept “ nishchebrod .”

The article is devoted to questions of explicitation of a “description” type text model. The theory of functional-semantic types of speech, developed in the 70s of the XX century by O. A. Nechaeva, is characterized. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of determining the place of this theory in modern linguistic science. The question is raised about the revision of certain provisions of the functional-semantic approach in the light of new linguistic research. The author of the article indicates that, in particular, one should take into account the element of the “point of view” model, that is, the position from which the description is made, since it is crucial in describing the sensory sensations that form the basis of the descriptive fragment. It is proved that, contrary to the established research tradition, it is necessary to take into account the role of the narrator when analyzing an artistic descriptive text. It seems important for characterizing the author’s individual style and his intentions. The article focuses on revising the composition of a text model of the “description” type in the light of the linguistic-cognitive approach. The presence of a description of a fixed background and cognitively distinguished figures as part of the model is stated. It is proved that, in addition to the background and figures, the observer's position should be included in the description model, which determines the description method, its tonality and the choice of language means of verbalization of space. The possibility of using frame analysis in the study of descriptive fragments is noted.

The relevance of the study is due to the increased interest in displaying the dialectic picture of the world as the most important component of ethnic culture. The issues of local originality of nominations of funeral and memorial ritual realities in Russian dialects of the Middle Prikamye are considered. A review of modern studies of folk funeral and memorial terminology is performed. Attention is paid to the substantive side of ritual terms, their motivation, symbolism, methods of education. The results of a comparative analysis of the semantics of the studied nominations with the data of other Russian dialects are presented. The question of nominative redundancy in the studied ritual sphere is raised, which is associated with the history of the formation of Perm dialects on the basis of North Russian and Volga dialects, with the coexistence of traditional beliefs, Orthodoxy and Old Believers in the folk cultural tradition of the Kama region. It is proved that most of the details and episodes of the funeral-memorial rituals in the Kama region have a specifically local language mapping. Particular attention is paid to the description of semantic groups with pronounced regional specifics (mythologies, names of funeral clothes and shoes, food, temporal nominations, names of ritual objects). It is shown that the terminological composition of the ritual sphere in Prikamye is in many respects correlated with the all-Russian dialect terminological system, while a considerable number of purely Permian nominations related to self-development of the dialect are fixed.

The results of a discursive analysis of political texts of the period 1903-1906 are presented. Particular attention is paid to the methodology for the study of political discourse in a historical perspective. The question is raised about the various spheres of the generation of political texts and their existence, participants in political communication, their socio-political affiliations. A discursive analysis of texts is carried out on the basis of a number of signs: authorship, targeted political text, communication strategies and tactics. It shows the actualization in the texts of opposing political parties of agonism as a specific property of political communication, the peculiarity of the implementation of agonism in the strategies and tactics of the authors: the monarchist and representatives of radical left parties. The classification of tactics that implement the strategy of discredit and the strategy of the struggle for power is given. The tactics of solidarity, appeal to values and opposition are indicated as dominating in the speeches of Bishop Gabriel. In the proclamations tactics of accusation, negative assessment and a call for a struggle for power are indicated. The character of the dependence of language means (including those from the arsenal of other types of discourse) on the nature of communicative tactics is determined. Textual combinations of communicative tactics are considered. Historical political texts are investigated in the communicative-discursive aspect.

We study the language means of logically unreasoned speech impact on the recipient in advertising texts. The relevance of the issue of speech exposure for modern philology is due to technological progress, changing formats of exhortatory communication, research interest in a number of problems of linguistic pragmatics, as well as the formation of a relatively young direction in Russian science - suggestive linguistics. The empirical material of the study is international women's glossy fashion magazines, which are in demand in the domestic media market: “Vogue”, “ELLE”, “Harper’s Bazaar”, “Marie Claire”, “Glamor”, “InStyle”, “Cosmopolitan”. It is shown that a hidden effect on the female target audience with the aim of encouraging buying is provided by a combination of linguistic units of word-formation, lexical, morphological and syntactic levels: some prefix morphemes, certain groups of onyms, terminological vocabulary, abstract nouns and nouns with a “wide-valued” meaning, evaluative adjectives, imperative verbs, personal and possessive pronouns, quantitative-nominal phrases, emotional and interrogative sentences. The distinguished linguistic units explicate certain communicative strategies, create various psychological effects, activate prevailing stereotypes and replace logical argumentation with positive associations.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of verbal and visual representation of gender images in modern advertising texts. The relevance of the study is determined by the high acting potential of advertising as a regulator of behavior in society: advertising often becomes a model for the formation of life images, symbolic codes of social values that orient the individual, manage it, including the gender aspect. The author notes that advertising, on the one hand, uses social standards and stereotypes that have already been formed in society, and on the other, through gender advertising images it represents the consumer modern relations between the sexes, dictating a certain behavior model. As the material for the study, modern advertising videos (2015-2019) were chosen as multicode texts with great persuasive capabilities due to the simultaneous use of verbal, visual, and audio channels of perception. The author of the article relies on previously identified gender images in advertising by linguists, sociologists, psychologists, at the same time it is proposed to consider new images that have not yet become the subject of research. The variability of ideas about femininity and masculinity in the modern world is emphasized. The author develops a typology of gender advertising images.

The analysis of the most common mechanisms of pragmatic focusing used by modern English-speaking authors in the reinterpretation of canonical, “roving” plots is proposed. Particular attention is paid to the context as one of the types of foregrounding, possessing ontological salience and realizing text-forming, expressive, evaluative, ludic functions. A comparative structural, compositional, and linguistic-stylistic analysis of eight literary texts intertextually correlated with the classic story of the Blue Beard made it possible to identify such methods of attention distribution in the modeled by A. Carter, D. Bartelmi, J. Updike, J. K. Oates, S. King, M. Atwood, W. Vernon, and F. Block as a ludic mode of formulating narratives, changing narrative perspectives, introducing “text within the text”, meta- fictional commentary. Along with focusing mechanisms, the article also pays attention to the defocusing of some traditional narrative elements, which is believed to be an integral part of the interpretation program of the literary texts under consideration. The authors of numerous versions of the story about Bluebeard, foregrounding various language “games of focus”, highlight the creative transformations of archetypal images and cross-cutting motives that reflect gender, socioeconomic, cultural changes in modern society.

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to create linguistic corps of little accessible historical acts sources stored in regional archives. The material for the work was the foundation of the Mikhailovsky village ataman of the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (SAVR, fund 332, inventory 1, files 1-158, 1734-1837). The genre variety of the documents of the fund determines the development of criteria for their genre parameterization, on the basis of which meta-marking can be carried out, which automates the processing of the entire array of sources and searches for linguistic information based on their metadata. In order to determine the speech markers of the document genre for its automatic recognition in the corpus, the narrating of the mid-18th century were parametrized, which were the documents containing information on investigative matters. The speech means of expressing the parameters determined by the communicative situation and correlated with the document form are identified: name, addresser, addressee, function, structure, nature of the transmitted information, spatio-temporal localization of the document. The variability of the speech embodiment of the narrating form is shown. The self-name of the document in combination with a demonstrative or possessive pronoun and verbs expressing a communicative action are defined as speech markers of the genre for meta-marking: this very narrating, they gave this very narrating, they told it with their own narrating.

The article discusses the influence of the poetics of Russian literary classics of the 19th century on Soviet cinema of the 1930s, the collectivization of which was an acute social theme. It is emphasized that the visualization of the “dilapidated” village, against which the conflict unfolded in the films of A. P. Dovzhenko, “Earth” (1930) and “Bezhin Meadow” by S. M. Eisenstein (1935-1937), required aesthetically convincing artistic images that Soviet filmmakers found in the works of Uspensky and Turgenev. It is proved that the universal meanings of the classic literary work provided a high degree of artistic generalization, without which it would be impossible to create a socialist myth of a bright future. It is alleged that allusions to the “power of the earth” formulated by the Assumption mythology have expanded the image in the film “Earth”, where the struggle with the fists appeared as one of the episodes in the universal plot about the principle of being. The function of quotes from Turgenev’s Bezhina Meadows is commented on: they translated the collision of the collective farm drama in the film of Rzheshevsky-Eisenstein into the category of mysteries about the resurrection. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that contact with cinema revealed a common feature of Russian classics - the presence of a mystery plot plan that ensures the integrity of Russian culture with a sharp ideological opposition of its creators.

The article is devoted to the formation of the artistic system of realism in I. I. Lazhechnikov’s prose of 1940-1960. The material of the study was the last novels of the writer. The novelty of the work is seen in the fact that I. I. Lazhechnikov’s prose of this period is practically not studied. It is proved that during this period the writer set himself a task of authentic depiction of life in typical characters, refusing to idealize the characters. The review analysis of the unfinished novel “Koldun na Sukharevskoy bashne” is carried out. It is suggested that this work was not completed because of the duality of the artistic tasks set by I. I. Lazhechnikov. It is noted that the writer preserving the historical flavour of the era moves away from the romantic depiction of reality. Also the novels “Belen’kie, chornen’kie i seren’kie,” “Nemnogo let nazad” are analyzed. Attention is focused on the fact that in the late period of Lazhechnikov’s work, the grotesque way of depicting reality expresses the writer’s vision of the world, Gogol’s and Shchedrin’s manner of writing is felt in the presentation of various characters. The author dwells on the analysis of the novel “Vnuchka pantsirnogo boyarina.” It is noted that the historical novel is revived in a new form, Lazhechnikov comprehends historical conflicts in human psychology, associating modernity with history. As the study showed, in the process of the writer’s transition to a new method, his artistic system of reproduction of typical phenomena of reality begins to change.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the figurative definition of the meaning of Pushkin as the “sun of Russian poetry” from a brief notice of the death of A. S. Pushkin, published on January 30, 1837 in the 5th issue of Literary Additions, an appendix to the newspaper “Russian Invalid”. It is noted that the informal title of “sun” of national literature Pushkin received during his life thanks to the critic V. G. Belinsky, who, in “Literary Dreams” (1834) was the first to make a figurative comparison of the influence of the poet of the 20s of the XIX century work, who was “supreme leader” in the literature of that time, on the development of Russian literature with the influence of the sun on earth and earthly life. The end of the “Pushkin period” proclaimed by Belinsky in “Literary Dreams” and the general desire of literary circles to create national idols served as the basis for Pushkin’s title in Russian criticism of 1834-1837. However, the numerous titles that article authors generously awarded Pushkin during his lifetime did not consolidate in the national consciousness as firmly as the “high title” given to the poet by Belinsky in “Literary Dreams”, thanks to the lifetime glory and love of the people for his poet, his national vitality and centrality in Russian culture at that time. The author of the article focuses on the fact that, in the light of this position, the figurative definition of Pushkin’s meaning “the sun of Russian poetry” used in the obituary by V. F. Odoevsky essentially reproduces the informal title of the great poet, already rooted in the national consciousness, as the “sun” of national literature, which was first of critics awarded to Pushkin by Belinsky.

The novel of the modern British writer Ben Elton “Two Brothers” (2012) is analyzed in terms of the functioning of the binary archetype in it. It is noted that contemporary cultural-historical thinking is characterized by a rejection of the classical rational type of thinking based on binary oppositions. The restoration of a certain clear opposition in B. Elton’s novel is interpreted as the author’s desire to preserve the opposition of humanitarian ideology to fascism at the present stage of socio-cultural development. It is established that the artistic structure of the novel clearly correlates with the tradition of twin myths. The author of the article draws attention to the fact that the plot of the novel is connected with the fate of two boys from a Jewish family, one of whom was his own son, and the second, a German by nationality, was adopted. It is emphasized that according to the laws of the twin myth, they conflict among themselves, but this is an imaginary confrontation, because in fact the brothers belong to the world of Germany, which opposed the onslaught of Nazi ideology. It is shown that at the deep level of his work, Ben Elton builds a distinct binary opposition of Good and Evil, in which there can be no justification for chauvinism as an extreme manifestation of fascist doctrine.

The article is devoted to the comprehension of the novels of the outstanding English prose writer R. L. Stevenson in the context of the tradition of neo-romanticism. The author analyzes the reception of the term neo-romanticism in Russian literary criticism of the second half of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, as well as the specifics of the writer’s key works in the context of the neo-romantic movement. As a result of a study based on the principles of a comparative-typological and holistic methods of analysis of a literary work, the author of the article comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, it is argued that neo-romanticism is a special trend of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, characterized by a common ideological and aesthetic principles, typological similarities of the problems in the literature of different countries, while preserving the national specificity in the formulation of solutions to similar problems. Secondly, it was established that neo-romanticism in the work of R. L. Stevenson manifests itself in two versions: adventurous (“Treasure Island”) and real psychological (“The Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”). The key signs of neo-romanticism were revealed: (1) optimistic pathos; (2) genre preference is given to an adventurous or psychological novel / novel with elements of Gothic; (3) the key problem is the struggle between Good and Evil both in the real world and in human nature; (4) the hero is the holder of a personal code of honor, a brave and fearless adventurer, passing in a series of trials the path of formation, as well as a reflective character with a split consciousness; (5) the pursuit of realism, the credibility of the story.

The question of the place occupied in the history of French poetry by Anthony Deschamps (Antony Deschamps, 1800-1869), a romantic poet almost forgotten already at the end of the 19th century, is examined. Concerning this question, the author of the article turns to the elegy genre leading in the work of Deschamps and in romantic lyrics as a whole establishing the importance of the poet in the context of the history of the French elegy. The relevance of this approach is determined by the fact that insufficient attention is paid to the genre aspect of literary history in French literature of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, which affects the full understanding of the significance of those writers whose merits are related to the genre sphere. Since the factor of personal (rather than a priori given genre) lyricism is very important in the romantic elegy, the article pays great attention to the character of A. Deschan, the opinion of his contemporaries. An analysis of Deschan elegy, comparing them with historically preceding examples of the genre, allows us to conclude that Deschan, unlike poets of the 18th - early 19th centuries, did not create a stable elegiac model similar to, for example, the Lamartinian elegy, but on the contrary, brought romantic principle of creative freedom to life. Largely thanks to such authors, not too remarkable, avoiding high-profile declarations and radical acts, important work was done to turn poetry, strictly regulated by genre norms, into modern lyrics, with its many forms that meet the needs of a flexible embodiment of diverse individual feelings.

The relevance of the problem is associated with the need to clarify the features of the creative method of G. R. Derzhavin. The novelty of the study is in the presentation of the colouristic polyphonism of Derzhavin’s poetics as a means of visualizing an artistic image. The article discusses the peculiarities of colour and black-and-white solutions of verbal portraits and landscapes in Derzhavin’s poetry, defines the technique for attracting pictorial elements into the poetics of the text, outlines a peculiar manner of Derzhavin’s vision related to the perception of the contemplated world as a picture. It is shown that Derzhavin, following his poetic doctrine that “poetry is speaking painting”, brings to the literature the techniques of visual art: the principle of color contrast, the reconstruction of a light-air perspective, the observance of the chosen colour palette. The article identifies the mechanisms of verbal colour transmission. It is proved that Derzhavin’s colour is represented in an abundance of semantic shades transmitted through complex colouristic epithets. Conclusions are drawn that, perceiving wildlife as an aesthetic object, Derzhavin represents the enormity of the universe in an abundance of variously coloured minute details. It is argued that the colours in Derzhavin’s poetry constitute a matrix of meanings. The dominance of the poetics of colour objectivity in Derzhavin’s work allows us to talk about colour realism as the basis of the poet’s artistic method.

The article examines the artistic and functional status of the image of a dog’s motive in Yesenin’s lyrics in the context of the idea of an organic unity of art and life, which largely determines the poet’s creative philosophy. Three poems are considered in which the image of a dog is the central figure of the text and the constructive basis of its ideological and artistic content: “Song of the Dog” (1915), “Son of a Bitch” (1924), and “Kachalov’s Dog” (1925). The analysis of the subject-figurative structure of each of the poems is carried out, while they selectively comment on individual elements of the poetics of the text, which contributes to a detailed understanding of the role of the studied image. In the analysis of “Songs about a Dog”, attention is drawn to the peculiarities of interaction in the text of image and expression plans, cinematography as the main extra-subjective form of author’s consciousness in the poem, and also to the functional heterogeneity of the lyrical narrative. When considering the work “Son of a bitch”, the emphasis is on the specifics of the space-time structure of the text, namely on the special movement of time initiated by the subject of speech - from an uncertain future to a certain past. When studying the poem “The Dog of Kachalov”, attention is focused on the distinctive features of his genre solution, which is characterized by a synthesis of various genre elements of lyrics: dedication, message, elegy, confession. It is argued that in all three poems the image of a dog serves as a mediator (guide), the semantic variations of which depend on the poetic context and come from the ontological relationship of the world of everyday ideas and the world of spiritual revelations of a person, which determines the main content of Yesenin's artistic philosophy.

The issues of adaptation of Yakut emigrants forced to escape the revolution, the Civil War and the Gulag to different countries are considered. The role of Yakut emigrants in the preservation of national-cultural identity is described. Their participation in the civilizational dialogue between East and West is emphasized. A classification of the stages of the formation of local groups and microgroups of Yakut emigrants in the countries of the world is suggested. The approximate number, composition and territorial distribution of Yakut emigrants in China (the central group), Japan (southern Sakhalin), Finland, and the presence of microgroups in the USA and Australia are established. Attention is paid to the specifics of interaction of Yakut emigrants in the absence of a registered organization through communication, in which organizational, ideological, material activities were carried out. It is proved that correspondence was carried out in Russian, English, and various transcriptions of the Yakut script were used: Bötlingkowski, Novgorodovski, Cyrillic. Particular attention is paid to the high mobility of the Yakut emigrants, their desire to master new languages, qualifications and education for successful adaptation abroad. It is concluded that the Yakut emigrants failed to form a mechanism for the reproduction of ethnic identity (language, culture) in a foreign land. It was established that there was no organized opposition to repatriation by Yakut emigrants, but all returnees were unreasonably repressed by the NKVD.

The specifics of the historical development of the Japanese gaming industry are considered. A periodization of the history of the gaming industry in Japan is proposed, a description of its main stages is presented: the emergence in the 1970s, access to foreign markets in the 1980s, stagnation and crisis of the 1990-2000s, the global triumph of the 2010s. It is proved that it was accelerated economic development and a high standard of living that allowed Japan to switch to the consumption of such a product as video games. The complex of historical, economic and sociocultural factors that provided Japanese companies with competitive advantages in the global video game market was identified and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the impact of information and communication technologies on these processes. The role of the American factor in the formation and development of the gaming industry in Japan, as well as in the promotion of Japanese gaming products to foreign markets is disclosed. The constructive potential of the Japanese practice of intersectoral cooperation of game industry companies with large industrial giants and with representatives of the art sphere is shown. It is noted that the involvement in the gaming industry of highly qualified specialists from the entertainment industry (anime and manga) allowed shifting the emphasis from the technological aspects of video games to their content, genre diversity and plot content. The authors come to the conclusion that the historical experience of the gaming industry in Japan indicates the significant role of this industry in the economic and social development of modern states.

The relevance of the work is due to the preservation of the problems of the Soviet period in a number of modern industries. The issue of female labor conditions is considered on the example of the food industry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the Khrushchev decade. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the problem of female labor in industry was considered only from the point of view of the Soviet concept; little attention is paid to it in modern literature. The authors dwell on the characteristics of the difficult conditions of female labor in enterprises of local importance. The author’s inference of the reasons why women not only agreed to work in uncomfortable conditions but also considered their situation to be beneficial is presented. It is shown that work in the food industry, which gives the opportunity of free access to food in the conditions of a shortage of goods was desirable. It is also noted that in this industry high requirements were not demanded on the qualifications of women workers, which suited women who were not educated and burdened by their families. It is emphasized that the “sphere of female labor” is a concept created in the Soviet economy with the aim of involving women in production and symbolizing the state’s concern for the health and well-being of women. It is proved that in reality the sphere of female labor has become a place of segregation and a zone of preservation of primitive forms of management.

The features of the institutionalization of the “Komsomol Searchlight” are considered, an ambiguous assessment of its activity at industrial enterprises of the USSR of the 1960s is given. From the point of view of the authors, the “Komsomol Searchlight” has become the highest point in the development of the Komsomol control system. It is alleged that both positive and negative aspects of youth participation in public control appeared in its activities. It is reported that a sustainable organizational structure of control units has been developed. It is emphasized that the issues of mass character, specialization, forms of work and study of Komsomol members have been successfully resolved. The authors of the article point out the active role of Komsomol members in strengthening labour discipline and improving the quality of production. It is noted that the “Komsomol Searchlight” contributed to the implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress, tried to introduce the foundations of the scientific organization of labour. It is shown that the main problem of the controlling Komsomol units is recognized as an unsatisfactory correction of the identified deficiencies. The main sources of research are archival documents, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The uniqueness of the materials of the Komsomol control units (unlike most documents of Soviet organizations of the late period, which is characterized by embellishment of reality) lies in the opportunity to consider the negative phenomena in the economic and public life of the country, to understand their reasons.

The views on the problem of war and peace of one of the leading theorists of the Social Democratic movement Karl Kautsky is discussed in the article. The evolution of his views on the issues of the origin of wars, their types, methods of achieving peace, models of political power and the creation of global international systems is traced. A comparative analysis of the views of K. Kautsky with the views of representatives of other directions in Marxist ideology, its influence on the theoretical views of modern scholars is carried out. It covers the period from the beginning of the 20th century to the completion of the formation of the Versailles-Washington system of international relations, designed to consolidate the new world order, as well as the beginning of its collapse. The novelty of the study is that the social democratic concept of war and peace and K. Kautsky’s theoretical views on this problem have not been sufficiently studied in modern Russian historiography. The author concludes that the concept of K. Kautsky, as well as the socialist theory as a whole, based on an understanding of the essence of war, laid down in the writings of the founders of Marxism, and close to a realistic school, have evolved in matters of peace and the post-war world order to liberalism. At the same time, K. Kautsky made a significant contribution to the theory of international relations, and his concept became the basis not only for neo-Marxism, but also enriched with some conclusions the theory of political realism and liberalism, as well as modern science as a whole.

The processes of evacuation of educational institutions and students of the State labor reserves in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region are investigated. Key priorities are being reconstructed for their placement, arrangement in new places, integration into the structure of the needs of the region's military economy, and subsequent re-evacuation. The analysis of documents of various government bodies, public organizations and materials of personal origin. The systematic information on the evacuation of students of colleges and workschools (FZO) from the western regions of the USSR to the Sverdlovsk region is presented. Particular attention is paid to the problems of the functioning of educational institutions of state labor reserves during the evacuation period. It is emphasized that the reduction in the evacuation of educational institutions since 1943 leads to an increase in the demand of the Sverdlovsk region for the prepositioning of army conscripts from other regions of the country. The conclusion is drawn about the overall effectiveness of the evacuation policy in relation to educational institutions of state labor reserves. At the same time, there are examples of numerous private failures of the evacuation mechanism of colleges and schools of the federal educational institutions, which are explained by the negative role of a number of general principles that form the basis of the system of state labor reserves.

The study contributes to the ongoing scientific discussion on the issue of the residence of Buryats in Northern Manchuria in the 17^th - first third of the 18^th centuries. The novelty of the study is that, based on the analysis of the names of the Buryats, Bargu-Buryat and some other ethnic terms, an updated history of the Mongol-speaking ethnic groups of northeast China at the indicated time is presented. It is established that the word Buryat (from Mong. Buraa ʻ forrest ʼ) is the archetype of the ethnonym Buryat . It was the name of a tribal association, located west of Lake Baikal in the middle of the XVI-XVII centuries, on the basis of which, with the coverage of Transbaikalia, by the end of the XVIII century a Buryat nation was formed. It has been proved that the Buryat community was given the byname Bargu-Buryat living south of the Mongolian steppes. It was especially emphasized that at the beginning of the 20th century in the local history literature on the population of the right bank of the Argun the byname Bargu-Buryat was transferred to the two ethnic communities of the old Barguts and new Barguts that lived in the region, who did not participate in meso-ethnogenesis, and therefore never called themselves Buryats . It was found that the researchers were misled by the word Bargu(t) in the names. There was a distorted opinion that has a definite effect on modern authors, that the Buryats during the period of the Manchu rulers from Nurhatsi to Yongzheng were residents of Northeast China.

The issue of the genesis of the national movement among the Latvian Orthodox population is considered. On the example of the fate of the leaders of the movement for Latvian church independence from Russian Orthodoxy - priest Janis Namnieks and prominent lawyer Janis Davis - the reasons for the appearance of this movement are established, the reasons for the failure of its supporters in 1920 are revealed. It was established that, contrary to popular belief, supporters of an early separation from the Russian Orthodox Church quickly moved from supporting the imperial authorities to the maximum displacement of the “Russian factor” from the life of the Orthodox in the new state - Latvia. It is emphasized that the lack of consolidated support of the secular authorities, the influence of the bishop who came from Russia, the ethnic Latvian John (Pommers), postponed this process for 15 years, and therefore, Latvian Orthodoxy did not go along the beaten path of their Estonian brothers. The attention to the emergence of a historiographic tradition of studying autocephalous tendencies among Latvian Orthodox parishes is paid. A comparison is made of the source base, which was used by researchers to build their own concepts. In addition to research papers and published sources, the article is based on materials from Latvian and Russian archives.

The question of the initial stage of the creation and functioning of a planned economy in the USSR is considered. The novelty of the study is seen in the analysis of the professional activities of the famous economist V. G. Groman, who first proposed the idea of centralized planning of the economy of Soviet Russia. The results of a study of the views of V. G. Groman are presented, with a refinement and addition of a number of facts of his biography: activities in 1917, expert work in the State Planning Commission and the board of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR. The question is raised about the fate of V. G. Groman in connection with criticism of his theory and subsequent arrest. The contribution of V. G. Groman to the scientific formulation of statistical work, as well as his socialist views, is evaluated. The question about the development of control figures as the first attempt to create an annual plan and the analysis of the “Gromanov concept” of the Soviet national economy as a whole has been raised. Attention is paid to the activities of a number of Soviet economists and to the identification of the interconnections between them and their colleagues in emigration, manifested in works and correspondence. A review of various approaches to planning and the creation of new methods and theories of planning in the works of V. G. Groman, S. G. Strumilin and S. N. Prokopovich is carried out.

On the example of the National Park “Hohe Tauern” some aspects of preservation of traditional culture in national parks of Austria are considered. The raised problem is the subject of interdisciplinary research: history, ethnocultural studies, ethnological regional studies, sociology. The relevance of the study is determined by the risks of loss of identity for a number of ethnic groups, the need to protect, preserve and present their traditional culture. Special attention is paid to the issues of correlation and revival of traditional knowledge, appeal to ethnic self-identification, obtaining economic benefits. The author traces the ways of solving these problems on the basis of the analysis of the experience gained in Austria in the organization of interaction between the population living in the national park, its management, the public and public authorities through the choice of special social technologies, including “folklorism.” Special attention is paid to the orientation of the country’s economy to increase the tourist flow. On the basis of the analysis of the problems the author came to a conclusion that the activities of the National Park “Hohe Tauern” most fully reflects the principles laid down by the Alpine Convention aimed at the development of recreational potential of the territory due to the disclosure of its historical and cultural potential. The experience of the National Park “Hohe Tauern” reflects the effectiveness of international legal documents in the field of sustainable long-term development at the micro level.

The article is devoted to the formation of the image of such a phenomenon as the “Red Threat” in the literary work of FBI Director John Edgar Hoover. It is affirmed that a special position in the US executive power system, along with a certain popularity in the 30-50s of the 20th century, made Edgar Hoover and his ideas significant both for the internal political life of the United States and, to some extent, for the foreign policy of this country. It is emphasized that the publication “Masters of Deceit: the history of communism in America and how to deal with it” has become for its time an important ideological and political-philosophical basis in the formation of a powerful anti-communist movement in the United States against the backdrop of the Cold War. It is noted that this book is of interest from the point of view of analyzing how America’s major anti-communists understood the term communism , the history and essence of classical Marxism, Marxism-Leninism, the revolution in Russia and the changes that occurred in Soviet Russia after it, Stalinism and its consequences. It is indicated that the author of the book not only analyzes the most important moments in the history of world and Russian communism, but also tries to understand how the communist ideology has developed in the USA, who the American communists are, what their goals are, etc.

The economic aspects of preparing a new Regulation on the management of Turkestan at the beginning of the XX century are studied. The relevance of the study is justified both by the unexplored topic and the need to identify the prerequisites for the crisis situation of the Russian authorities in Turkestan on the eve of the 1917 revolution. The results of the analysis of the draft commissions of K. A. Nestorovsky, the meeting of P. A. Kharitonov, the proposals of Senator K. K. Palen and the Turkestan Governor-General A. V. Samsonov, criticism and comments from various departments, the initiatives of the Main Directorate for Land Management and Agriculture are presented. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of the issue of land, resettlement. The novelty of the study is in the fact that for the first time it traces the course of discussions and the process of constructing the legal foundations of the economic policy of the empire on the outskirts in the context of developing a new Turkestan position. It is proved that the Russian Empire intended to create conditions for the accelerated development of Turkestan in the interests of the mother country, but could not agree on conflicting needs and settle economic institutions new to the outskirts. It is emphasized that this was manifested in the failure of the many years preparation of the Regulation on the management of the region.

The aim of the study is to analyze the state of industrial production in the Sverdlovsk region in the 1990s and its impact on the provision of population with consumer goods. The topic is relevant in the context of studying the impact of the crisis on the financial situation of population. The study was conducted on the materials provided by the Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service, with the involvement of scientific and journalistic literature on this issue. It is argued that the fall in production in the 1990s was caused by the collapse of the decades-old system of economic relations within the USSR and the Council of economic mutual assistance, as well as the reduction of purchases of materials and components from Western countries. It is declared that the decline in production in all industries of the Sverdlovsk region without exception continued until 1999. It is noted that after 1998 the industry of the region began to rise in all its branches, except for fuel. It is proved that the state of the consumer market in the segment of industrial goods for population did not correlate with the dynamics of their production in the region. It is concluded that the deep crisis of industrial production, which lasted until the end of the 1990s, in the market of consumer goods was largely compensated by imports of foreign consumer goods.

The article raises the question of the implementation of religious policy within the borders of the Vyatka province in the second half of the 19th century in terms of creating religious educational organizations to increase the effectiveness of the clergy with the Old Believer and non-Orthodox populations. Based on archival documents and published sources, the history of the foundation and the main activities of the Ascension Brotherhood on the territory of the Sarapul Vicariate, created to conduct religious and educational work among the local population and provide assistance to other religious organizations of the Vyatka diocese, are examined. The novelty of the study is that a comprehensive review of the history and activities of the Ascension Brotherhood, opened in Sarapul in 1892, is carried out for the first time. The author dwells on the religious and educational work of the Ascension Brotherhood, which was his main business. It is reported that members of the fraternity, with the assistance of the local clergy, engaged in religious-educational readings and conversations, which were popular with the local population. It is noted that this activity was initially supported by the local authorities of Sarapul, but over time, assistance to the Ascension Brotherhood from the local secular authorities became minimal. It turned out that members of the Ascension Brotherhood and the organizers of the readings were forced to continue their activities at the expense of material assistance from donors and support from the clergy of the Vyatka diocese.

The article is devoted to the history of the Commission for the Promotion of Scientists (CPS) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, which existed in 1931-1937. It is reported that the CPS replaced the Central Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists (CCILS), which had operated under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR since 1921. It is shown that in the first years of its existence, the Commission continued the traditional directions of state supervision over the material, logistic, housing, and leisure aspects of the life of Soviet scientists (which was typical for CCILS), and then, from the mid-1930s, the Commission acquired new functions and strengthened some of the previous areas of activity that have become more in demand among scientists. Among these areas, in particular, the propaganda of scientific achievements of the USSR, which had been updated by that time, the provision of scientists with foreign scientific literature, and the improvement of medical and health resort services for the highest stratum of the scientific intellectuals are mentioned. The author of the article claims that the Commission for the Promotion of Scientists was an effective tool for managing the Soviet scientific community from a totalitarian state. It is proved that in the 1930s it solved the problem of “buying” loyalty and devotional service of the top scientific intellectuals to the communist government in exchange for benefits, privileges and preferences.

The article considers the early stage of the history of the famous Siberian Murza genus Kulmametevs. Documents from the central, regional and local archives became the material for publication, the main of which was the generation of paintings - a document from the State Archives of the Perm Territory, dating to the end of the 18th century and containing information about the service representatives of the genus. Based on the analysis of the complex of various sources, individual moments of the genealogy from the end of the 16th to the 18th century are identified and refined. The origin of the Kulmametevs from Prince Begish of the era of the Siberian Khanate is proved. Based on the analysis of the complex of various sources, individual moments of the genealogy from the end of the 16th to the 18th century are identified and refined. The origin of the Kulmametevs from Prince Begish of the era of the Siberian Khanate is proved. As the prospects of the study the significance of the results obtained for studying both individual significant representatives of the Turkic population of Western Siberia after its inclusion in the Russian state and the features of the formation of the upper stratum of this population, building relations between the top of the serving Tatars and the Russian administration is emphasized.

The possibility of using visual sources in the reconstruction of everyday practices of the collective farm peasantry during the Stalinism is analyzed. According to the authors, the visual turn that occurred in socio-humanitarian knowledge in the last quarter of the twentieth century, sets the task of studying everyday practices, the value world and mental attitudes of various social subjects. They believe that without involving visual sources from the period of Stalin's Soviet modernization, it is impossible to reconstruct the objective picture of the “social life world” of the collective farm village during the period of large-scale social and economic transformations. On the example of the fine heritage of A. A. Plastov, one of the most respected Soviet artists working in line with Soviet socialist realism, various aspects of the everyday life of the Soviet collective farm village are reconstructed. The study is aimed at solving a number of issues of the agrarian and social history of Russia, which until now have not attracted proper research attention. It is noted that Soviet visual sources served as the basis for the construction of a new Soviet civic identity and a means of discipline of social subjects. Attraction along with visual sources of information extracted from traditional written sources (archival documents and materials of periodicals) allows to ensure the reliability and verification of the results.

The study is devoted to the most dramatic period of the stay of Russian troops on the territory of Badakhshan-mountain - the era of the civil war in Tajikistan (1992-1997). The authors of the work tried to overcome the schematism and descriptive nature of the historiography of the topic. For this, documents from the archives of the Badakhshan mountain Autonomous Region (BMAR), data from the regional periodical press, and previously unpublished analytical materials and photographs from the funds of the Central Border Museum of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation were used. As a result of studying the opposing forces, instead of confronting the faceless, monolithic and mechanically opposed “Russians” and “fighters”, a complex picture of the interaction of various actors involved in the thick of events with the unpredictable dynamics of the context is formed. The authors conclude that the armed forces of the former “Center” at some point turned out to be the only significant economic agent, security guarantor and socialization institution that prevented the development of the region according to the “Afghan” scenario.