The article analyzes the process of determination of special lexical units of terminology of basic and critical military technologies as one of the most priority directions of the scientific and technical complex. The relevance and importance of the study is determined by the need to perform complex linguistic-cognitive analysis of terminological systems related to the areas of scientific, technical and military-industrial complex, as well as the initial theoretical lacunarity of linguistic-cognitive and pragmatic conditionality of terminological processes in the designated areas. The authors set the following goal: to determine the priority areas (mental constructs) represented by determinologized units of military terminology, which stands out as a basis for further reconstruction of the terminology network. Special attention is paid to the correlation of the indicated units with the dynamics of mental constructs, as well as to the representation of the elements of special knowledge in the framework of non-special discourse realization. A complex research method is used, which consists of the methods of descriptive, definitional, component and discourse analysis, as well as the method of quantitative data processing. The necessity of the study of the functional range of determinologized units is shown as a discursive actualization of the author’s intentions aimed at implementing the principles of attractiveness, intellectualization and promotion of special knowledge. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the significant prospects of further linguocognitive research of the process of determinologization as an element of author’s intentions, as well as the features of the representation of the elements of scientific / special knowledge in their various discursive implementation on the basis of building terminological semantic networks.

The article is devoted to occasional combinatorial lexicology as a separate area of combinatorial linguistics, more precisely, to lexicology studying occasional collocations, or atypical, individually authored and non-reproducible word combinations created through deliberate violation of lexico-semantic compatibility for performing certain functionally expressive tasks within a specific text. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the authors create and include occasional collocations for various purposes: first, to express an unconventional attitude to the object or subject described, secondly, to give it its own characteristic, thirdly, to put a certain emphasis on any part of the narration, etc. The technique of the functional-semantic analysis of occasional collocations as the basic, complex method of investigation is presented in the article, and features of this type of collocations are revealed. The authors believe that the allocation of occasional combinatorial lexicology contributes to the development and improvement of combinatorial science and the lexicological branch, provides scientifically substantiated interpretation and description of special lexical units - occasional collocations.

The use of fiction texts in the Russian parliamentary discourse of the early 20^th century is considered. The use of literature intertext in the speeches of the deputies-nationalists as the most active speakers in the State Duma (N. E. Markov, V. M. Purishkevich, G. G. Zamkovsky, S. V. Levashov) is analyzed. As a result of the analysis it is established that the deputies of this political group (right-wing faction) actively used in their speeches references to publicistic and artistic works of a number of Russian writers: A. S. Pushkin, I. A. Krylov, N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, N. A. Nekrasov, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, G. I. Uspensky. Particular attention is paid to the study of the functions of literary and artistic intertext in the parliamentary speech. Three main functions of inclusion of quotations and allusions from literature in the speeches of the nationalist deputies are highlighted and described in the rhetorical and pragmatic aspect: appeal to the authority of the Russian writer (first of all, F. M. Dostoevsky), demonstration of the ironic and sarcastic attitude of the speaker to opponents, silence and euphemization. The latter two functions were the basis for speech aggression, and the intertext was used by the speaker as a means of reducing the authority of the enemy by placing it in the context of the work (comparison with the character or with the situation of the plot).

The paper presents the results of discourse analysis of bikers’ communication. The authors aim to reveal key axiological values in biker subculture, as well as discovering linguistic features in discourse of this social group and characterizing its members’ identity. The study takes a close look at how values are actualized through their linguistic forms in discourse. The research is innovative in that it attempts to employ discourse analysis in order to explore youth subcultures, specifically biker subculture. The paper offers a literature review focusing on biker subculture and covering some aspects of youth discourse in general. The authors provide a theoretical background for using the category of topos to reveal values in biker subculture. The findings include a list of principal topoi that provide a frame for the construction of bikers’ collective social identity. The authors argue that the social category ‘biker’ is constructed through the topoi of ‘bike’, ‘pleasure’, ‘danger’ and ‘brotherhood’. The conclusion is drawn that the biker is discursively constructed as a person who loves life, respects and appreciates peers, treats riding a bike with all responsibility, but who at the same time takes а risk to get excitement. Linguistic resources used in bikers’ communications are various and embrace lexical units of evaluation, references to feelings and emotions, metaphors, a vast number of jargonisms and elements of folklore.

The article is devoted to the study of one type of polysemy, characteristic of predicate units, having in its meaning the semantic component ‘to know’. Such predicates are: Russian adjectives izvestnyy ‘known’ and znatny ‘noble,’ adverb znatno ‘notably,’ Russian verb slavitsya ‘to be famous,’ French adjective fameux and adverb fameusement , English adverb famously , Spanish adjectives famoso and notorio . The author shows that the basis for one kind of synchronous polysemy of these units or the relationship between their meanings at different points in their history is the semantic transition ‘known / famous’ → ‘Magn’. Magn in the “Sense ↔ text” model is a lexical function, a lexical parameter, which is an abstract typical meaning ‘very,’ ‘high degree,’ which is expressed in a large number of words, most often in an idiomatic way. The study is based on a large body of explanatory and bilingual dictionaries, on the data of linguistic corpora. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the study of semantic transitions is the basis for the establishment of ways of semantic evolution and the development of the typology of semantic derivation, as well as the basis for the study of the language picture of the world and the construction of explanatory language models. The obtained data can be supplemented with the “Catalogue of semantic transitions,” which was developed at the Institute of linguistics of RAS under the guidance of Anna A. Zaliznyak.

An instruction is considered as a form of discursive values fixation in the pragmalinguistic aspect, which allows one to analyze the specifics of text formation. The results of a discursive analysis of instructions for cosmetic products, medical preparations, and household appliances are presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the pragmalinguistic potential of instructive texts, represented by intentional plans of informativeness, prescriptiveness, beneficence. The distinctions of the representation of the indicated values are revealed using grammatical means expressing contextually determined shades of meanings. There is a review of the works in which the discussion of the type of speech influence in the instructions is raised. The novelty of the study consists in the consideration of the instructive text as a result of the discourse deployment, based on the factors of the addressee, addressant, subject area, time and place of resolution of the communicative situation, thereby revealing the specificity of the speech impact. The relevance of the study is due to the authors' appeal to the pragmalinguistic description of the text, which correlates with the anthropocentric approach in modern studies. The authors analyze in details the ways to implement direct and indirect motivation with the help of appropriate verbal forms, the features of the distribution of verbal forms containing important information about the way actions are performed and some syntactic constructions.

The questions of legal and linguistic interpretations of the concept of “insult” are considered. The relevance is determined by the fact that at the present time appeals of citizens to law enforcement agencies in order to protect their honor, dignity, protect themselves from abuse, attempts to humiliate human dignity are still frequent. The authors draw attention to the following: despite the long-term practice of using the article “Insult” in the course of judicial proceedings and, at first glance, all the obvious signs of insult, in the process of law enforcement there are mutually exclusive interpretations and numerous contradictions, which leads to the need to attract experts-linguists. That is why the article focuses on the consideration of different points of view on the insult in the legal and linguistic spheres, and offers the results of their comparative analysis. The question is raised about the need to take into account a number of factors in the process of linguistic examination of the verbal act of insult, including the peculiarities of regional use of lexical units.

The article considers the specifics of the Orthodox worldview reflection in the contemporary art. Attention is paid to the analysis of the ideological principle of the work through the representation of Christian chronometry. The novelty of the work is seen in the understanding of the symbols of the Orthodox calendar on the material of modern Russian prose, as until today there is a tradition of analysis of this problem only on the example of writers of the 19^th-20^th centuries. The novelty of the work also lies in the consideration of A. Varlamov’s creativity not from the perspective of continuation of the traditions of realistic prose or postmodern understanding of reality, but from the point of realization of the author’s religious worldview and attempts to translate the Orthodox worldview in his work. Special attention is paid to the analysis of spiritual and moral evolution of A. Varlamov’s characters in the context of symbols of Easter and Christmas holidays. The relevance of the study is determined by the appeal to the problems of the moral principle in modern fiction and the possibility of reading it from the position of the spiritual potential typical to all Russian classics. The author comes to the conclusion that modern Russian literature cannot be considered as completely secularized, it reflects the traditions laid down by Russian classics (A. S. Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky), and traditions associated with the idea of spiritual salvation of man.

The relevance of the study is determined by the inclusion of the Crimea in the Russian Federation, and therefore began integration of all spheres of life of the Peninsula in the Russian legal field. The current situation is characterized: the mass media of the Republic, registered in the period up to March 2014, had to undergo the procedure of re-registration or stop their activities. It is emphasized that for this reason the media market of the Crimean Peninsula in general and, in particular, the city of Sevastopol has undergone significant changes. It is reported that the information space of Sevastopol is represented by all kinds of mass media. The novelty of the study is based on the fact that to date there is no summary data on the number, circulation, periodicity, subject of Sevastopol printed media. The article deals with the dynamics of Sevastopol media registration in the Russian Federation, it is noted that not all of the registered media are published. The author of the article systematizes the information about the print media, which are currently published in the city of Sevastopol, taking into account the theme and region of distribution. The periodicity of publication, format and method of distribution of printed media of the city are characterized. The author notes that all publications are monolingual and published exclusively in Russian.

The article deals with the features of the image of the artistic space of Berlin in travel notes of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Abroad.” The relevance of the study is determined by the need for imagological analysis of topos texts, which reflect the images of “foreign,” in particular, the German element in the framework of Russian culture. The German-marked locus of Berlin in M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s work is realized through a number of motives related to the changed image of the united Germany as a new European empire in the perception of the Russians of the late 19^th century, which, in turn, gives the author an opportunity to express his social and critical views on the prospects and trends of Europe. The author considers the motives of the German hidden threat as an aggressive expansion into the outer space, the militarization of Germany with distinguishing the image of a Prussian officer-“a hero” as the central one, spiritual and political unfreedom, order, boredom and at the same time the theatrical appearance of the German existence as the main motives related to the locus of Berlin identified in travel notes by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. It is shown that the basis of the description of the city is the observation of the street life of the German capital. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that in the work by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin Berlin is portrayed as non-chronical locus with the characteristics of mortality, which functions similarly to the mechanism on the principle of continuous cyclical movement.

The study presents aspects of creative activities and biography of Adyghe poet and essayist of the early Soviet period Lostanbe Guruzhevich Afashagov. The problems that become the subject of consideration in modern studies on the history of the Adyghe literature are identified. Reflected in the history of the formation of the national writing system of the Adyghe the milestones of spiritual search and spiritual transformation of the ethnic group and their gradual transformation into a plot of artistic reflection are reviewed, motif of dramatic confrontation, which became part of this plot, is actualized. L. G. Afashagov’s educational and journalistic work is covered. According to the materials of newspaper publications and archival evidence, the stages of his active participation in the history of preparing for the publication of the first novel in Kabardian literature are restored. The author analyzes in detail one of his poetic works in relation to the context of the formation of the national writing system of the Adyghe, the most active stage of which falls on the first decades of the 20^th century. The reasons why the name of one of the representatives of the Adyghe intelligentsia of the 1930s was in complete oblivion are considered. The novelty of the research is that the name and work of L. G. Afashagov are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

The article is devoted to the analysis of “food and drinks” symbols used by the authors of urban literary texts in reconstruction of the mythopoetic image of Vladivostok. The novel “Vladivostok-3000” is investigated. The authors consider it as one of the works about Vladivostok, for which the concept of “Vladivostok text” is used, based in turn on the concept of “local text” accepted in the scientific literature. The basic thesis is that one of the characteristics of local (regional, provincial) texts is their myth-generating function - the creation of mythological space, which reflects the features of the region. The novelty of the research is that the images of food and drinks has not been considered before as an element of the Vladivostok text, involved in the formation of the mythopoetic image of the city. On the basis of the novel “Vladivostok-3000,” all language units denoting food and drinks were singled out. The role of the corresponding images in the text is defined: products, dishes and drinks are a marker of the own and others; they act as a means of transformation of the hero; give him strength; symbolically fasten relations between characters; they are part of etiquette; become a bright marker of the fantastic space created by the authors. It is concluded that the images of food and drinks play an important role in the artistic transfer of the specificity of the city (real Vladivostok and fictional Vladivostok-3000), being a necessary element of the Vladivostok text.

The process of forming and changing the image of Russia-bear is analyzed. English, French, Polish, American and Georgian caricatures, engravings and lithographs, which appeared in the period from the second half of the 18th century to the present day, are used as sources. The problem of forming the image of Russia abroad is considered from the point of view of imagology and information warfare. The process of changing the image of Russia-bear is described depending on the political situation, on the direction and propagandistic goals of the printed publications. The study revealed that the associations of Russia with the image of the bear are extremely strong and acquired the status of a stereotype long ago. It is noted that this image has been successfully used as a weapon of political propaganda since the XVIII century. It is shown that the image of the "Russian bear" in the Western media constantly changes on the basis of the current political situation on the international arena. The authors assert that this image is practically not developed in the Western media in the context of constructive alignment of international relations, the destructive component of the image is usually emphasized. It is reported that, since 1977, attempts have been made in Russia to positivize the image of the bear in foreign media, but they have not been successful to the present day.

The issues of interaction between impressionism and symbolism in French and Russian poetry of the late XIX - early XX centuries are considered. In the work of Paul Verlaine, the manifestation of such features of impressionism as the image of the fusion of man and nature (subject and object of the image), attention to the shades of feelings and moods, suggestiveness, synesthesia, musicality is shown. It is proved that, along with these features, mythological allusions, references to other cultural epochs and the desire for universality testify to the symbolist tendencies in his work. The authors come to the conclusion that the combination of impressionism and symbolism is also found in the genre of the “landscape of the soul”, authored by Verlaine. It is noted that M. Voloshin became a follower of Verlaine in Russian poetry. The problem of the influence of French poetry on Russian literature of the early twentieth century, in particular, on the work of M. Voloshin, is studied. The authors consider the theoretical works of the poet himself, in which he comprehends the synthesis of symbolism and impressionism in French literature, defining a new type of artistic consciousness “neo-realism”, and cycles of poems “Cimmerian Twilight” and “Cimmerian Spring”, in which tendencies of symbolic-impressionistic poetics are revealed.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the French collection “Dans la steppe” (1902), compiled and translated by S. M. Persky, which includes the following early stories of M. Gorky: “In the steppe”, “Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka”, “Song of the Falcon”, “Emelyan Pilyai”, “The Khan and his son”, “Notch”, “Makar Chudra”, “Twenty-six and one”, “Old Woman Izergil”. Attention is paid to the preface of the collection written by Persky, in which he names facts from the life of the writer, thereby justifying the choice of stories and characterizing the main feature of the style of Gorky's early stories, manifested in the synthesis of documentary and artistic, namely, the description of the “autobiographical” space, the component of which is the image of the steppe. The author of the article dwells on the three most exhibitive in this aspect stories: “In the Steppe”, “Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka”, “Emelyan Pilyai”. The author comes to the conclusion that Persky solves two primary tasks: first, the compiler of the collection acquaints the reader with the facts of Gorky's biography, and secondly, characterizes the author's style reflecting the transformation of the documentary style into the artistic one. It is shown that the collection, which includes stories arranged in a certain sequence, represents a story about the writer's search for his place in life.

The early stage of the work of the American modern writer Waldo Frank (1889-1967) is analyzed. The views, creativity and social and cultural projects of Frank are considered in the context of the search for American modernism in the 1910s. It is shown that during this period he actively participates in the public and literary life of the USA, since November 1916 he cooperated with the magazine “The Seven Arts” (1916-1917), around which young writers had united (J. Oppenheim, Van Wyck Brooks, S. Anderson etc.). Their project of national cultural construction aimed at self-affirmation of American culture in the face of the Old World is characterized. Particular attention is paid to Frank’s views on American society, which are reflected in his book “Our America” (1919): Frank exposed practicality, the consumer society and conformism and offered a utopian ideal of “true America”, which would have to be rediscovered. The article gives an overview of the reviews on the book “Our America”, traces the evolution of the concept of “our America” going back to Simón Bolívar and José Martí in Frank’s work during the 1920-1930s, a gradual movement towards the idea of the unity of the two Americas - the US and Latin America.

The complex of “weapon” motives in the Ostrovsky drama “The Dowerless Bride” is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of works that reveal the semantics of these elements of the playwright's artistic world. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the weapon motives in the play “The Dowerless Bride” are analyzed systematically, taking into account their functioning in other texts of Ostrovsky. Particular attention is paid to the episodes of the play, in which the weapons motives are presented most concentrated and directly included in the development of the main plot - unhappy love and the death of the main character. In the course of the study, it was found that most of the motives considered in the drama have a unique semantics and are not found in other works of Ostrovsky. As the analysis of the drama “The Dowerless Bride” showed, the key characters in the play, guilty of the death of Larissa Ogudalova, are simultaneously conjoined with several weapon motives: Paratov - gun and pistol, Karandyshev - ax, pistol, dagger, and the final gesture of the heroine who picked up the pistol thrown by her killer, - a sign of her involvement in her own death, an indication of her willingness to share responsibility. The authors come to the conclusion that the interpretation of weapon motives makes it possible to significantly expand the existing understanding of the poetics and characterology of one of Ostrovsky's most famous plays.

The article is devoted to the issues of emergence and initial period of activity of institutions related to the management of the Caucasus: Transcaucasian, Caucasian committees, Caucasian Viceroyalty, VI temporary department of the Imperial Chancery. The novelty of the research is determined by the introduction of new materials into scientific circulation, which characterize the activities of the studied bodies of the region. It is noted that the appeal to this problem allows to consider the mechanisms of governance, through which administrative reforms were carried out in the Caucasus, aimed at the integration of the region into the Russian Empire. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the relationship of the studied bodies of management between themselves in 1930-1950-ies. Changes in approaches to the management of the Caucasus region are indicated. Special attention is paid to strengthening the Russian military and political presence in the Caucasus. The features of the administrative reforms are shown. The author comes to the conclusion that the reforms were ineffective because of the imbalance and inconsistency of the actions of the authorities, in connection with which the government was faced with the question of the need to adjustment, and in the future, a radical reorganization of the Caucasus governance. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of research of the management of the outskirts of the Russian Empire in the national historiography.

Questions revealing the contradictions which led the country to the revolutionary upheavals of February 1917 are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it identifies new factors that complement the overall picture of the social crisis caused by government policy in the war. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the state system of measures of social support for the families of soldiers caught up in the front during the First World War. It was concluded that the huge expenses of the treasury were to ensure the stability of the belligerents' moods. It is emphasized that the social policy of the state was aimed primarily at families that were left without breadwinners, but the organization of material support was in conflict with departmental interests. The issue of the effectiveness of government measures is being raised. The author dwells on the problem of the mass resettlement of the inhabitants of the province to Petrograd because of the difference in the amount of benefits in the capital, compared to other areas of the empire. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that, based on archival documents first introduced into scientific use, the features of mood formation in the rear on the eve of the February revolution are illustrated. The characteristic features of the interaction of power and society, generated by the contradictions caused by the First World War, are revealed.

The attitude of Russian conservative publicists of the middle - second half of the 1890s to the economic situation that developed on the Western outskirts of Russia in the early years of the reign of Nicholas II is considered. The novelty of the study is that the economic development of the then territories of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus and the Baltic States is considered for the first time through the prism of the views of representatives of the domestic conservative nationalism (“Russian trend”), for which the Baltic and former old Russian lands were the arena of the age-old struggle of the Russian people with “Polonism” and “Germanism.” Particular attention is paid to the conservative ideas about the influence of ethno-confessional and class factors on the economic situation in these key regions for the Russian Empire. Also, attention is paid to the conservative estimates of the political importance of German colonization in the Western Russian provinces and the role of the “foreign” factor in the economic life of the country. The measures by which the conservatives hoped to adjust the resettlement policy and complete the thirty-year process of Russification of the Western suburbs are shown. It is concluded that during this period the views of conservative circles maintained the inertia of the previous reign, which is not fully consistent with the new political and economic realities.

The article studies the problem of material living conditions of large families in the USSR. The study was conducted on the materials of the State Archives of the Sverdlovsk Region (SASR) and the current archive of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk Region (TBFSSSSR), involving Internet sources, as well as scientific and journalistic literature. The relevance of the topic is due to its importance for the social sciences, especially for history, sociology and economics. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that new materials discovered by the author in the funds of these archives are introduced into use. The article focuses on the analysis of incomes and expenditures of collective farmers large families. It is noted that large families have rarely been the object of research by sociologists and historians. It is stated that it did not have a social or demographic effect in the form and in the amounts state support was provided to large families. It is stated that serious differentiation of average per capita monetary incomes and expenditures of the surveyed families of collective farmers was not observed. The significant role of personal subsidiary plot (PSP) in the economy of the families surveyed is proved. It is declared that most of the expenses of large families of collective farmers were the costs of food products and non-food industrial goods. It is concluded that even taking into account the incomes from PSP per capita incomes (and, accordingly, expenses) of large families were significantly lower than the same indicators of families of urban workers, and collective farmers in the Sverdlovsk region.

The work of Bishop Andrew (Ukhtomsky) in the Sukhumi eparchy in 1912-1913 is analyzed, aimed at organizing parish life and missionary and educational work in general. It is shown that an important step in this direction was the creation of the first in the eparchy printed Church missionary journal “Employee of the Transcaucasian mission.” Studying the journal materials allowed to draw conclusions that the wide experience of missionary work, accumulated by Bishop Andrew in the Kazan eparchy, has found application in the new appointment. It is proved that the purpose of the journal “Employee of the Transcaucasian mission” was the implementation of the key tasks of missionary work; it also became a periodical of the Brotherhood of St. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky. The article presents the results of the analysis of the materials published in this journal, which contain information on specific activities, as well as reflections on the revival of parish Orthodox life, the organization of pastoral ministry, parish schools, churches, the local Church Archaeological Commission, etc. It is reported that the journal was published till 1916. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the Ministry of Bishop Andrew in Sukhumi eparchy was reflected and wide developed in the future.

The problem of transformations undergone by the family environment in the countries of the post-industrial economy is analysed. The most significant highlighted changes are those related to the reduction of quantitative and generational composition of a family, weakening of the idea of child-centrism, search for new models of active parenting, slow growing up of children in the comfort of a modern family environment. The socio-evolutionary nature of changes in the family standard, determined by the level of economic, social and cultural development of society, is emphasized. It is shown that the new social situation of parenthood is determined by fundamental changes in the architecture of socio-economic relations in post-industrial society. It is characterized by two main trends: an increase in the number of unemployed young women seeking self-realization in the field of parenthood, and an active family care for the future of the child in a highly competitive society. The risks of personal development of children associated with the implementation of the model of active parenthood are: reducing the initiative, responsibility and independence of modern adolescents and young men. It is suggested that active parenthood has an impact on the composition of the family environment, which is now determined not only by family ties and relationships, but also by the ideological proximity of its members. Real and networked parent communities not only expand the environment of the modern family, but also work out the variable models of parenthood, filling the empty niche of the social standard of family education.

The article is devoted to the improvement of the quality of students’ creative works in English - mini-compositions, or essays. This type of work is becoming more and more popular in training specialties like “journalism,” “public relations,” “mass communications,” etc., which imply both creative approach and frequent contacts with foreign experts, which explains the need to be able to express their thoughts competently and interestingly not only in their native language, but also in the language of international communication. This makes this article relevant. The author gives specialists’ recommendations in the field of writing from Duke University (USA), called “Five rules of effective writing on the letter C” (“Five Cs”). The article comments in detail each of the rules with the involvement of examples from the practice of teaching writing in higher educational institutions of Russia. One student essay is also analyzed for compliance with these rules. The author concludes about the practical use of these recommendations, need for their discussion and inclusion in the criteria for evaluating student work, which has already been done in one of the Russian universities.

One of the most important stages of the test development - the goal-setting stage - is considered. As a research task the authors determined the evaluation of the study of the problem of goal-setting in the pedagogical literature and literature on testology. The authors prove that the quality of the test content depends on the results of the goal-setting stage. The idea that the purpose of testing is important for the correct interpretation of its results is also approved. Based on the analysis of the literature on testology, the authors conclude that, creating a test, the developer sets a task to display in its content the main thing that students should know as a result of training, and it is necessary to structure the objectives of the test control. The description of different types of learning objectives is given. The levels of assimilation of knowledge distinguished by different researchers are listed. Recommendations are given for the correct formulation of the test objectives. Attention is paid to the knowledge, skills and learned methods of activity that can be checked using tests. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the definition of the goals of testing is necessary in order to clarify what students’ results will be evaluated using the test.

The educational and upbringing components of continuing education (economic education and economic upbringing) are considered. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the stable correlation between the continuity of school and vocational education and its effectiveness. It is noted that within the framework of the new educational paradigm conditions are being created that allow the future employee to constantly raise his own qualification taking into account the transforming requirements to the content and methods of his activity. A review of the theoretical literature on the phenomenon of continuing education and its specifics in the contemporary (primarily Russian) context is given. The study of the factors that have an impact on the educational and upbringing process allows authors to view economic education as an important component of “global human education”. The principles of the author's concept of continuous economic education, which emphasizes the role of the upbringing component of the educational process, are stated. The main stages of economic education are accentuated, with emphasis on the education of the individual, its key tasks, as well as the forecasted advantages for Russian schools and professional educational institutions (Higher Education Institutions and Secondary Specialized Educational Institutions) are defined. The authors come to the conclusion that in the foreseeable future, continuing economic education should be transformed into a system for stimulating the constant self-improvement of the individual in an unstable social economic context.

The theoretical basis of the profession of commentator of computer sports in the post-industrial society is considered. It is emphasized that the system of professional education should focus on training e-sports specialists, which are in dire need of the computer sports industry. It is proved that at the present time the training of professional athletes of e-sports in general and commentators in particular is fragmentary. The review of scientific literature is carried out. It is shown that in the scientific environment this problem is practically not considered. Definitions of the terms “e-sports” / “computer sports” etc. are given. The author describes the activities of e-sports commentator in terms of competitiveness of a specialist in the labor market. Understanding of the activities of e-sports commentator specializing in the subject “Counter-Strike: Global Offensive” is detailed. The novelty of the research is that the author offers a three-level competence model of training a professional commentator of e-sports at a university. The content of the educational module is described, created on the basis of the model, tested in part in the professional activities of the author of this article as a sport commentator of “Counter-Strike: Global Offensive” in open company “Ruhab.”