The main trends in American spelling are observed, in particular, simplified spelling and assimilation of borrowed words. The projects of spelling reforms are divided into two groups: the first was aimed at changing the existing spelling, the second - at the creation of a new spelling based on the phonetic principle. It is shown that the main differences between American and English orthographic norms can be represented in the form of a number of oppositions. It is emphasized that the simplistic approach should be avoided, since some spellings can be used in both versions: AmE - or vs. BrE - our in words like armor , color ; AmE - se vs. BrE - ce in words like defense , license ; AmE - l vs. BrE - ll before word-formative and inflectional suffixes - ed , - ing , - er , - est , - ery , - or , etc.; AmE - ize vs. BrE - ise in words like apologize , capitalize ; AmE in - vs. BrE en - in words such as incase , incrust ; in AmE the “unpronounceable” - e - may be omitted before the suffix - ment in words like abridgment , judgment ; AmE - o - vs. BrE - ou - in words like mold , molt ; AmE - er vs. BrE - re in words like center , luster ; AmE - e vs. BrE - ae , - oe in words like anemia , encyclopedia ; AmE - ction vs. BrE - xion in words like connection , inflection ; in AmE there are also particular simplifications of writing like thru , tho , tonite . It was found that the changes made in the American spelling are mostly partial and in some cases optional; sometimes they are adopted in a limited field of use. The proposed reforms did not have a significant impact on the spelling.

The phenomenon of homonymy of functional words in modern English is considered. The relevance of the work is that the issues of homonymy, in particular one of functional words, are still controversial and not fully studied. In this paper, an attempt is made to identify some of the main provisions that, in the authors’ opinion, will contribute to the differentiation of functional words into closed series and will help to determine the relationship in which these words can be attributed to these closed systems. The authors believe that the definition of a closed series to which a functional word belongs is associated with a number of difficulties, since, firstly, the category of relativity (relations) is not fully understood and its boundaries are not defined, since subjective judgments can be made on the semantic basis with regard to the differentiation of functional or service words, and secondly, because some words are not in one, but in several closed series. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that by the example of certain functional words ( what and very ), the authors have shown that they can be homonymous words, and their appearance in the language is not the result of conversion, but the result of splitting of multifunctional words expressing relationships.

The work is devoted to the problem of reconstruction of the language spatial picture of the world in diachrony. The relevance of the study is due to the discrepancy between the modern linguistic consciousness and the mentality of native speakers, who created texts 4 centuries ago, attracted as a research material. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the expansion of the source base of cognitive and semantic research through Siberian monuments of business writing of the 17^th century, not previously studied. The novelty of the work is also the development of a method of reconstruction of a semantic field based on the analysis of such texts. The aspects of the study (cognitive, semasiological, territorial, diachronic) are substantiated. Its methodological base (principles of historical and cultural, structural-system and conceptual analysis of lexical material) is determined. The concept of semantic field, representation of its features, boundaries, boundaries of its core and periphery is specified. The article describes the method of reconstruction of the semantic field of space according to the monuments of Siberian business writing of the 17^th century on the example of the field “Arable Land.” The sequence of techniques of cognitive-semantic analysis of lexical units in the monuments of writing is characterized, which allows to identify semantic paradigms that form the core and periphery of the semantic field, to present its structure as a hierarchy of semantic paradigms. The conclusion is substantiated that the reconstruction of the semantic field of space allows to reveal the essential properties of the regional spatial picture of the world.

The research is carried out in the context of pragmalinguistics and is devoted to the question of means of forming stereotypes in the texts of journalistic discourse. The semantics and pragmatics of the lexeme po-kitayski ‘in Chinese’ as a diagnostic language means manifesting collective stereotypical ideas about China are considered. The material for the study is the statements extracted from the modern Russian media in the electronic database Integrum. Texts about policy, state economy, Chinese cuisine and New year’s holiday in China are presented. It is shown that the analyzed adverb is used in verbal and substantive word combinations with concrete and abstract nouns. The material indicates that verbal phrases characterize specific processes occurring in China. The thesis that substantial-adverbial word combinations are used to characterize or reinterpret known concepts is put forward. The article presents the results of the analysis of the contextual semantics of the adverb po-kitayski , which is complicated by the background features that actualize a number of typical characteristics of the Eastern state (a specific form of globalization, a special socialist model, the task of eradicating corruption at all levels, economic breakthrough, preservation of cultural traditions). In the Russian media there is an estimated duality in the representation of China. Stereotypes about China are mostly positive: a prosperous economy, political independence, ancient traditions. In particular, the low quality of goods produced in China and the cruelty of political measures receive a negative assessment.

The present study is carried out in the course of cognitive word formation of the Russian language. The author, noting the axiological nature of word formation, pays close attention to the internal (propositional-semantic) organization of the same root word families - one of its complex units. The object of study in the work are the same root word families with the vertex components otets , papa , each of which demonstrates the angles of understanding of the culturally significant fragment of the world in the minds of the Russian people. The source of the same-root vocabulary selected for the analysis within two families are the dictionary materials. Reference to lexicographic works and application of the method of propositional-frame modeling allow, firstly, to establish a set of same-root lexemes, united by the vertices otets , papa ; secondly, to determine the semantic volume and word-formation capabilities of the vertex components otets , papa ; thirdly, to trace the features of the implementation of multidimensional semantics of the vertex components otets , papa in the semantic structure of same-root derived lexemes within the boundaries of the considered families through identification of propositional structures. It is established that the propositional-semantic organization of families of same-root words is set by the meaning-generating potential of the top components and highlights the actual, culturally significant, aspects of the perception of father in the consciousness of the Russian people. It is concluded that the same-root lexemes within the comparative families reveal different semantic specialization, which reflects the system of knowledge and ideas of modern Russian speakers.

The question of the “borderline” status in the onomastic space of the new for the Russian language category of proper names - names of residential complexes - is considered. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time the onomastic status of the names of residential complexes is determined, and a comparative analysis of the two corps of such names collected in Yaroslavl and Yekaterinburg is carried out. The existing definitions are analyzed, possible terminological definitions of such proper names are developed. It is noted that these proper names are in field of meanings of term oykodomonym , but it is indicated that the names of residential complexes occupy an intermediate position in onomastic system: on the one hand, they fit into the category of urbanonyms, on the other hand, they are a form of advertising names. A new approach to the analysis of the names of residential complexes based on onomasiological grounds is proposed: the authors divide groups of names according to the degree of increasing the signs of proper name from descriptive designations to conditionally-symbolic nominations. The authors come to the conclusion that in the system of considered oykodomonyms two trends were formed: (1) embedding the name in an existing urbanisation given its identity and (2) creation of names that are not related to existing urban onomastic space. The analysis of the corps of Yekaterinburg and Yaroslavl names confirmed the border status of the considered proper names.

This paper examines the linguistic representation of situations of online protest petitions. The specificity of the implementation of semantic roles in the semantic predicate of action expressed by potentially performative verbs, which names the corresponding intention, is considered. Attention is paid to the characteristic of online petitions as a genre of protest communication, performativity as a property of language expressions, determination of the categorical status of the semantic predicate and semantic case, participation of the significative interpretation in alternative perception and linguistic representation of situations. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to study the discursive specifics, pragmatic parameters of new online genres of protest communication, the possibility and prospects of studying universal conceptual categories on the example of the case system and their role in the formation of language categories, the importance of understanding the degree of influence of ontological factors on the formation of language consciousness. The results of the study of the set of semantic-syntactic relations and paradigm of means of expression of semantic roles in the framework of the three communicative-semantic groups of statements, implementing the basic text-forming intentions such as consent / support, disagreement / disapproval, requirement / request, are presented. Features of the implementation of performativity in the named genre of electronic democracy, determined by discourse, are identified. The means of grammaticalization of pragmatic parameters of performativity in the analyzed material are described.

The paper presents the results of investigating distributional semantics’ potential in its realization in the form Web-service RusVectōrēs. The question about applying the service for studying semantics of Russian verbs is considered. The research urgency is caused by insufficient level of information about linguistic possibilities of distributional semantics in whole. The novelty of the research consist in the fact that the question about applying the instrument RusVectōrēs for investigating verb semantics is posed for the first time. Classification of semantic relations extracted by RusVectōrēs for Russian verbs is proposed. The analyzed data include two lists of entry verbs and the set of semantic associates for each verb; the integral set of considered semantic associates consists of 468 verbs. Special attention is paid to semantic relations that can be treated as lexical functions because this sort of relations appeared to be the most frequent for Russian verbs; the whole number of extracted lexical functions is equal to 28. It is shown that lexical functions that correspond to aspectual variants of verbs, to synonymic relations and conversion are the most frequent; hyponyms and co-hyponyms are the most frequent among semantic relations that differ from lexical functions; situational relations and actant relations are comparatively rare. Special attention is paid to the details that are important for applying the instruments of lexical functions to semantic relations extracted for verbs by the service RusVectōrēs.

The problem of translation of tourist texts from Chinese into Russian is considered. The relevance of the work is determined by the demand for the results of cultural communication research, including those in the tourism sector, which is developed in accordance with the trends typical to international communication. It is indicated that special role in the development of tourism is played by advertising texts, in particular translated ones, which are created for travellers from other countries, including Russia. Attention is paid to the linguistic factors influencing the translation: the presence of non-equivalent language units and lexical lacunae found in the Chinese and Russian languages, differences in the structure of sentences, discursive characteristics. It is noted that the translation into Russian text as a whole should be brief, clear and emotional. It is indicated that the artistic concept of the Chinese text discourse provides such an organization of the text so that it has a specific impact - causes impressionistic subjective feeling, while the Russian text discourse is informative and striving for objectivity. The authors come to the conclusion that the in-depth analysis of language differences affecting the translation of tourist texts from Chinese into Russian allows to find the best translation strategies to enhance the effectiveness of intercultural interaction.

Examples of use of school rhetoric techniques (common exercises, figures of thought, figures of speech, tropes) in the poem of Empress Eudocia (V century) “Martyrdom of St. Cyprian” are considered. It is taken into account that the ability to freely use this kind of techniques was the basis of the ancient teaching of rhetoric, which was considered the highest level of education available to a few. It is reported that between school exercises (called progymnasmata) and independent creativity (both in prose and poetry) there was no impenetrable boundary, since the work of late antique and Byzantine authors was born from school. Eudocia’s poem is characterized as a paraphrase (which in itself is a rhetorical exercise) of an already existing life, probably with significant additions and complete replacement of words. It is shown that it is possible to observe the use of ekphrasis in the poem, sermocinatio, antithesis, anaphora, polysyndeton, asyndeton, hyperbola, simple and extended metaphors, etc.). It is proved that in this sense the poem “Martyrdom of St. Cyprian” is a typical example of late antique “scientific” poetry. The author of the article notes that in the case of Eudocia it is unusual only that all the above-mentioned rhetorical techniques are owned by a woman, since only a few women reached this higher level of education, especially in the Christian environment.

The features of intertextemes of biblical origin functioning in the church-religious discourse on the material of O. L. Rozhneva’s stories-parables are considered. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the church-religious style, biblical themes, genre features of a story-parable. Through the use of a combination of literary and linguistic-cultural methods, the phenomenon of O. L. Rozhneva’s creativity and its place in modern Orthodox literature is revealed. The novelty of the study is seen in the author’s appeal to the previously unexplored texts of Orthodox fiction. Classification of types of intertextemes of biblical origin is proposed: intertextuality as co-presence in the same text of two or more texts (quotation, allusion, plagiarism, etc.), paratextuality as the relation of text to its title, afterword, epigraph, architextuality understood as a genre link of texts. The following functions of intertextemes of biblical origin in O. L. Rozhneva’s prose are distinguished: text formation and didactic / educational / moral; which, in turn, is divided into the comforting, claiming in faith and anagogical (that raises man above the world of mortal reality). With the help of illustrative material identification as a type of O. L. Rozhneva’s relation to the biblical text is characterized. It is proved that for this purpose the modern writer uses archetypal plots (repentant sinner, miracle of healing, prayerful help, among “own” - “alien” worlds, righteous persons, fruit of belief, a way to God, kind pastor, roads of life, etc.).

The article considers the question of the relevance of fairy-tale poetics in the works of the Irish playwright Bernard Shaw. The subject of the analysis is the transformation of the image of Sleeping beauty in the dramas “Heartbreak House”, 1913-1917 and “Too True to Be Good”, 1931. Attention is drawn to a wide historical and literary context, which determined the relevance of folklore and fairy tales for the era of the turn of the XIX^th-XX^th centuries. The author provides a brief history of the dramatic transformation of the plot in musical theatre. The question is raised about other sources of influence on the interpretation of the motif of the dream and the image of the sleeping princess by Shaw; the article considers the Scandinavian mythological tradition represented in R. Wagner’s operas and the material of Russian epic stories. Particular attention is paid to the comparison of the drama “Too True to Be Good” with the early fairy-tale play by M. Maeterlinck “Seven Princesses” (Les sept princesses, 1891). The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the question of the presence of fairy-tale poetics in the work of the playwright has so far been little studied by Western researchers and is not at all covered in Russian literary studies. The article establishes previously undetected links between the works of Shaw and Maeterlinck. It proves the possibility of the existence of continuity between Shaw’s characters and the heroes of the Russian epics. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the problem of the presence and modification of folklore and mythological imagery is important for literature not only at the turn of the XIX^th-XX^th centuries, but also in the XXI^st century.

The questions linked with originality of the conflict in Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri” are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the extreme complexity and fundamental controversy of Pushkin’s position in the genre search of the era. Special attention is paid to the phenomenological and cultural aspects of the conflict. On the part of phenomenology, the conflict is characterized as “inconsistent” and thus achieves extraordinary vitality against the background of the era. It is shown that this is a conflict that is brought into the consciousness of one hero (Salieri) and that constantly changes its characteristics. On the part of culturology, the conflict is characterized by the involvement of mixed features of classical and romantic literature. In addition, it has long been noted that it is complicated by the connection of complex cultural contexts. In particular, two contexts are additionally involved in the analysis in the article: musical-genre disputes of the 18^th century and contrasting masks (Heraclitus and Democritus). The author comes to the conclusion that Mozart and Salieri are not antagonists in the spirit of the classical antinomy of characters and beliefs: they are a two-dimensional unity (both being “the sons of harmony”), composed of intuitive genius and deep rationalism, the latter within the boundaries of romantic anthropology most convincingly revealed through “villainy”.

The article is devoted to the history of flax growing. In the historiographical aspect the experience of understanding the development of flax growing as a branch of agriculture of the Tyumen region is considered. The material was the texts of articles, essays, publications in periodicals, scientific literature, collections of documentary materials on flax growing for the period from the end of 19^th to the beginning of 21^st centuries. The paper presents an analysis of the historical conditions in the Tobolsk (Tyumen) province, region later. The chronological period covered is characterized as complicated both from the point of view of the events reflected in the literature and from the point of view of the historiographical state of the problem. The historiographical review identifies three main periods: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern. It is shown that each of them had its own individual features. Revolution, civil war, years of collectivization, repeated reorganization of agriculture, excessive ideologization of all aspects of society life determined the content, direction, volume of literature on this issue. The authors identified the most recognized and authoritative points of view, assessments of the development of flax growing in the Tyumen region, confirmed the importance of research in the history of flax growing as a branch of agriculture in the Tyumen region for the modern period.

The issue of the relationship between indigenous peoples of the North and extractive companies is raised. The relevance of the study is determined by the resumption of active activities of industrial companies engaged in the exploration and extraction of minerals in the places of residence of indigenous peoples. The article presents the results of the author’s research prepared during the ethnological examination in the Olekminsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in summer 2017. The novelty of the study is the reconstruction of the process of formation of the system of relations between industrialists and indigenous peoples on the example of the local community of Olekminsk Evenks. The influence of industrial development on the socio-economic indicators and living environment of the Evenks of Olekma is shown. It is emphasized that the policy pursued by the authorities in relation to the aboriginal population strengthened the assimilation processes. In the long period of time the peculiarities of relations between industrialists and peoples of the North in different historical periods are revealed. The author gives interesting examples of the relationship of Olekminsk Evenks and industrialists on the basis of previously unclaimed archival sources. The experience of interaction between Olekminsk Evenks and extractive companies is considered. Recommendations are given in building mechanisms of interaction between extractive companies and indigenous peoples of the North.

On the basis of archival documents, little-known facts in the relations between the Soviet state, the Comintern and the government of M. Kemal during the formation of the Russian and Turkish republics are considered. The policy of the Bolshevik power and the role of the Communist Internationale in establishing relations with the national movement of Turkey are analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the question of the Bolsheviks’ search for allies among the various political forces of Turkish society. The author raises the problem of contradictions between the guidelines of The Council of People’s Commissars aimed at cooperation and interaction with the government of M. Kemal, and unreasonable leftist aspirations of radical elements in the Comintern and the Turkish Communist party. It is noted that the topic of political and military cooperation between Soviet Russia and Turkey is inextricably linked with the policy of both states in the Caucasus, which could become a bridge or a barrier between the two countries. The activity of both states in this region and the role of the Comintern in expanding the influence of Soviet Russia in the republics of Transcaucasia are traced. The urgency of the problem is determined by the need to establish relations with the countries of the Middle East at the present stage, the search for mechanisms of interaction and the use of positive experience and taking into account the mistakes of the past in this matter. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the ideological differences and the clash of political interests, Soviet Russia and Turkey were able to find a compromise and concluded an equal and mutually beneficial peace treaty, which marked the beginning of cooperation between the two countries.

The article is devoted to the topic, which is practically not developed in the national historiography, especially with regard to its regional aspect. The purpose of this article was to study the money income and expenses of single women employees of industrial enterprises of Sverdlovsk region in 1957. It is declared that the respondents had different housing conditions, a variety of personal preferences, a different number of relatives, friends and acquaintances. It is noted that the Soviet statistical authorities have always paid the greatest attention to the families of workers and farmers. It is argued that the families of employees in the budget surveys were no more than 20% of the respondents. It is emphasized that the author of this article not for the first time refers to the development of budgets of individuals, including employees. It is stated that there has been a rather serious differentiation between the money income and expenditure of female employees surveyed. It is proved that in process of decrease of the total amount of expenses the specific weight of commodity part tended to increase, and non-commodity on the contrary tended to decline. It is stated that the clearly predominant share of all expenses of the surveyed female employees was food expenses - up to 2/3 of the amount of commodity expenses. It is concluded that the cash income and expenditure of all surveyed female employees were higher than similar average indicators per capita of working families.

The history of the diplomatic struggle for control of Kastellorizo archipelago, a small group of Islands off the southwest coast of Turkey, is examined. It is reported that the establishment of British control over Cyprus (1878), the Italian-Turkish war of 1911-1912 radically changed the balance of power in the Eastern Mediterranean and increased the strategic importance of the archipelago located at the intersection of sea routes from the Aegean sea and the Western Mediterranean to Cyprus and the coast of the Levant. It is noted that Italy, which occupied the rest of the Dodecanese Islands, and Greece, which referred to the ethnic composition of the population of the archipelago, showed special interest in possessing the archipelago of Castellorizo. The article analyzes in detail the policy of Italy and Greece related to the Islands, as well as the role of France and the UK in the diplomatic struggle around the archipelago. The author managed to identify the main stages of the diplomatic struggle around Castellorizo, to show the special interest of Italy to possession of Castellorizo, which was considered by the Italians as “Outpost of Europe in the East.” It is proved that the final establishment of Italian sovereignty over the Islands (1923) led to the fact that the archipelago almost completely disappeared from international relations and was subsequently considered only as part of the Dodecanese Islands. The article is based on Italian and Greek official publications of diplomatic documents.

The formation of a tribal group of Kalmak in the Bashkir estate groups is considered. The author critically assesses the arguments given in the works of B. A. Aznabayev on the issue under consideration. Attention is paid to the problems of estate organization of society. The results of comparative analysis of archival materials and published sources relating to the formation and early history of the group of ayukinskie Kalmyks in the Southern Trans-Urals in 18^th century are presented. The question of the role of the state in the creation of the Sart-Kalmak volost, as well as in creating conditions for the formation and preservation of the Kalmak tribal group is raised. Particular attention is paid to the definition of the social status of the yasak population as a class, whose duty was to pay yasak, and whose right (privilege) was the patrimonial right to land from which yasak was paid. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time the archival documents concerning the decision on the land allotment to the groups of ayukin Kalmyks, serving Sarts and serving meshcheryaki were put into circulation in 1748, clearly showing the decisive role of the state in determining the social status and land rights of these groups of the population. The relevance of the study is determined by the relentless interest in ethnic history and rather contradictory interpretations of socio-cultural processes in the Southern Trans-Urals of the 18^th century in the works of the opponent.

The article considers the fate of the traditional economy of indigenous population of the North of Yakutia in the first years of the post-Soviet decade through the prism of changes in the management structure of the agricultural sector of the region - in the part that was associated with the daily life of the farms of the Arctic and Northern territories of Yakutia and largely determined the implementation of the agricultural policy of the Republic. It is indicated that the traditional economy of the North of Yakutia is characterized by the complexity of traditional economic activities, while the leading direction is reindeer husbandry, in particular the breeding of domestic deer. Despite all the difficulties and contradictions typical for the development of Northern farms, Yakutia remained one of the largest reindeer herding regions of the country. The authors consider the structural changes in the management of Northern farms in the first post-Soviet years: search for ways to manage farms, project initiatives of the management of agricultural complex “North” and features of the formation of a unite management space in the agricultural sector of the Republic. The issue of the organization of the National joint stock reindeer herding company “Taba” is covered in more detail. On the basis of archival documents, an attempt is made to show the sequence and logic of these structural changes in the management of the traditional economy of the North of Yakutia in the early 1990s.

The author, based on the content of legislative acts regulating the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, archival documents, as well as interpretations of modern scientists, presented the range of responsibilities, the main financial and economic functions and the process of awarding Church elders in the 19^th - early 20^th centuries. The article reveals the conditions for receiving various awards by Church elders and the documents accompanying the procedure of their awarding, preserved in Tobolsk state archive. As the cases of the Tobolsk State archive can show, Church elders were awarded with medals and commendable leaves; moreover, different institutions could express gratitude to them. A study of archive cases showed that the initiating documents in the cases on awarding the Church elders were the petitions of the Church elders, deans’ reports or letters of institutions, for example, a letter of the ataman of the Siberian Cossack troops if the elder served in the prison Church. Archival materials indicate the presence in the 19^th - early 20^th centuries of the established procedure for awarding Church elders, consisting of 17 stages, which began most often with the petition of Church elders or deans’ reports and ended with a response report of a dean, who accompanied the fee for the award.

The role of consumer cooperation in supplying the population of Petrograd-Leningrad with food during the NEP is considered. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that this problem is studied for the first time on the materials of the largest industrial centre of the country. In the course of the study, the analysis of statistical information was carried out, the materials of office-work and legal documentation and memoirs of contemporaries were involved. Data are given about the location and dynamics of the commercial network, restructuring of Petrograd Union of consumer societies - Leningrad Union of consumer societies. The reasons of prevalence of “private trader” in the food market of the city in the initial period of NEP are investigated. The factors that caused the attractiveness of cooperative shops for citizens, including reduced prices, lending practices, benefits to shareholders are clarified. Social status of buyers, price level, structure of purchases in cooperation and “free” market are analyzed. There are two stages in the supply of the population: until 1926, when the role of a private trader remained significant, and after 1926, when the consumer cooperation began to play a predominant role in providing the city’s workers with products. It is concluded that this was achieved as a result of protectionist activities of the state in relation to the cooperation, the state recognizing the cooperative retail as the main commodity distribution link of Soviet trade.

For the first time an attempt was made to analyze the source base of the study of socio-economic policy of 1945-1953 (the period of so-called “late” Stalinism) in relation to the peasantry of the North Ossetian ASSR. The author identifies the main groups in the complex of archival documents and carries out their source critics. Documentary materials are characterized in terms of representativeness in archival collections. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time specific thematic areas are presented for the development of which the information potential of archival sources can be used: the campaign to combat violations of the Charter of the agricultural artel, repression against the peasantry on the basis of The decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 2, 1948, the execution of state grain procurement plans by collective farms. Particular attention is paid to such an important group of archival documents as the resolutions of the Council of Ministers of the North Ossetian ASSR, including those made with the Bureau of the regional Committee of the party. The analysis of these sources allowed the author to come to a conclusion about gross violations of bases of democratic management of collective farms and actual discharge of workers from making administrative decisions. In general, the source critics presented in the article shows that a highly informative complex of documentary materials has been deposited in the archives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, allowing to explore many aspects of the declared topic.

The review of master’s theses defended in the period of 2006-2016 at the Department of Russian language of Tehran University in the field of literary relations between Iran and Russia is made. The authors highlight the main perspectives of comparative studies of Iranian undergraduates who studies Russian, identify the main features of the process of mutual influences of Persian and Russian literature. It is shown which Russian and Persian writers, periods in history of literature and scientific approaches are most popular in the academic and educational environment of Iran. The article also reveals a number of thematic areas that remain outside the field of view of undergraduates, although their scientific development seems very promising. Special attention is paid to research methodology. The conclusion is made that in Iran the themes in which influence of East, Islamic world on creativity of the Russian writers is revealed are deeply studied. Comparison of Russian and Iranian folklore is carried out. It is noted that among the “white spots” of scientific research in Iranian literature there is the study of modern Russian literature, coverage of the role of Persian translations of works of Russian writers and their reception in Iran, as well as generalizing research of a theoretical nature.

The article deals with the essence of such a complex method of scientific and pedagogical research as the study and generalization of pedagogical experience and its application in the process of improving the educational process in secondary school in the postwar period in our country. Particular attention is paid to the issue of involving teachers in its use as an essential condition for the successful study and generalization of pedagogical experience. The aim of the study was to identify the views of scientists on the role of teachers in the study, synthesis and creation of not only new pedagogical experience, but also in the development of pedagogical theory. The objectives of the study included the following: to reveal the activities of scientists in determining the essence of the best pedagogical experience; to reveal their opinion about the factors that prevented the qualitative study and generalization of teachers of pedagogical experience in the middle of the last century; to assess their contribution to the development of methods of study and generalization of experience of schools’ and teachers’ work; to characterize the conditions that contribute to the effectiveness of the method of pedagogical research. As a result of the theoretical analysis, it was found that teachers’ study and generalization of pedagogical experience was considered by teachers-scientists as a professional norm, and the teacher - as a subject of this type of activity, bringing together professional and pedagogical activities with research activities. In addition, the reasons that prevented the successful participation of teachers in the study and synthesis of pedagogical experience, as well as the conditions for improving the efficiency of the process, which is the novelty of the study, were identified.

The review of the work by M. S. Britkevich and M. G. Sergeeva “Andragogical support of innovative activity of teachers in the system of professional development” emphasizes that the monograph is devoted to the integration of innovative (advanced) pedagogical experience in the educational process for the professional development of a school teacher, which is associated with the growing attention of society to the prospect of continuous learning concurrently with active professional activity. Based on the revealed character of innovative activity of the teacher, the authors have positioned the advanced pedagogical experience as its key component; define the basic functions, aspects and components of dissemination needed to adragogical support of school teachers under training; formulate and argue basic adragogical principles of dissemination of best teaching practices within the training system. As a result of the pilot test, it was proved that the program of systematization and dissemination of best pedagogical experience favors the personal and professional growth of a school teacher in the context of modernization of domestic education.

The review of the monographic study by M. S. Britkevich and M. G. Sergeeva “Andragogical support of innovative activity of teachers in the system of professional development” states that this scientific work should be evaluated taking into account the state order for the formation and development of innovative educational infrastructure and building a new strategy of effective activity in the field of secondary, higher and additional education. The need of a modern school for teachers who are able to integrate pedagogical innovations into professional practice (both individual and mass) indicates the need to create conditions for more effective support of innovative activity of teachers in the framework of professional development, as well as for their perception of certain rules of innovative behaviour and the creation of new varieties, algorithms and methods of systematization and popularization of advanced teaching experience. The study of the problems associated with the introduction of the relevant innovations in the educational process determines the main indicators and evaluation criteria of the reviewed work.