The article considers several postpositions in Chulym as compared with other Turkic languages. It is noted that despite the fact that their functions have similarities with those of nominal cases, their functional scope is much wider. The author emphasizes that postpositions play an auxiliary role: they are used together with independent words to express grammatical meaning of case endings, and also help to establish semantic relations between lexical words in a sentence. It is shown that postpositions are able to express meanings of place, direction, instrument, reason, etc. It is noted that in traditional Turkic studies postpositions are recognized as uninflected words. The author’s study of postpositional constructions in Chulym language is presented. Special attention is paid to semantic derivation, by which the postposition is formed. Semantic and grammatical links of postpositions within the structure of phrases and sentences are demonstrated on examples of a number of postpositions ( шили, öжин, зäй, -бле etc.).

The article is devoted to the identification and characterization of aspects of the language combinatorics studying. The research is conducted in the framework of combinatorial linguistics that studies the linear relations of language units and their combinatorial potential. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to study functionally-speech aspect of the language as a whole. Special attention is paid to perspectives of studying the language combinatorics in various aspects: historical, typological, metalinguistic, cognitive, psycholinguistic, normative and functional-semantic. Within each of them the questions are raised that need to be resolved. In addition, the author determined and characterized theoretical and applied sections of combinatorial linguistics also open for study. Thus, combinatorial lexicography is defined as a theoretical and applied sub-section exploring theoretical and practical problems of lexicographical interpretation of the combinatorial syntagmatic properties of words and creation of dictionaries of combinatory type. It is noted that currently the ethnocultural combinatorial lexicography is actively developing, which aim is to capture the ethno-cultural collocations, exotic in the understanding of other cultures and peoples. In connection with the achievements of combinatorial linguistics, the author indicates the necessity of improvement of the methodology of teaching a second language. It is emphasized that such programs must provide the appeal of students to the principles of language combinatorics. It is argued that another applied sub-section of combinatorial linguistics - combinatorial linguodidactics - is intended to serve these goals.

The most productive ways of formation of modern terminology of military discourse - multicomponent combinations - are covered. Appeal to the study of military terminology is relevant due to its intensive development in conditions of modern technological progress. The basic structural formulas of multicomponent terminological combinations and most productive nuclear terms are revealed, on the basis of which the multicomponent terminological groups are formed. There are two diametrically opposite tendencies in the formation of multicomponent terminological combinations of the military discourse. One of them consists in minimizing the nomination due to adhesions or removing components of attribute group. Another trend is the progressive complication of the object nomination by adding the specific characteristics of the core. It is proved that the increase in the length of terminological combination increases its semantic capacity, but at the same time leads to the weakening of cross-media semantic valence. The impact of these terminological characteristics on features and correctness of the translation is evaluated. It is emphasized that the translator is faced with the need of elaborating a strategy in the translation of the term. The analysis showed that the main methods of translation of the terminological combinations are calques and descriptive translations and transcription / transliteration - the techniques that are used to translate single-word terms in the composition of the multicomponent combinations.

The article is devoted to the functional-semantic analysis of occasional collocations in the poetry of P. B. Shelley. Occasional collocation refers to a special type of lexical units - individual author’s combinations of words, in which, as a rule, the lexical-semantic combinability is intentionally violated to attract the attention of readers to an unusual use of words. The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that occasional collocations are, firstly, one of the most expressive means of aesthetic enrichment of the artwork, and secondly, valuable linguistic material to study. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of occasional collocations for defining the meaning of the units, identifying mechanisms of their formation and establishment of the functions of collocations in the context of the works of P. B. Shelley and their belonging to a particular taxonomic type. In the analysis the author identifies several types of occasional units, creating the originality of poet’s lyrics: the author’s metaphors, deliberate pleonasms, inter-perception transfer, epithets, combinations of words, containing the opposite semes and at the same time having common semes to create occasional meaning. It is emphasized that the creation of occasional collocations is a characteristic feature of the author’s style of Shelley.

The article deals with the aspects of contextual synonyms functioning in Russian and English newspaper texts united by the theme of refugee migration in Europe. The relevance of the work is determined by its interdisciplinarity and combination of contrastive and ecolinguistic approaches. Contrastive approach consists in identification of common and distinctive features of the synonymic rows in English and Russian newspapers. Ecolinguistic approach involves determining the intensity of use of substandard tokens in the contextual synonymic rows. The research material are 18 contextual synonymic rows, formed by 4 newspapers - “Kommersant,” “Komsomolskaya Pravda,” “The Guardian Weekly,” “The Daily Mail.” The paper discusses the concept of contextual synonym and contextual synonymic row. There are 3 models of synonymic row including: (1) only literary units; (2) literary and colloquial lexemes; (3) literary, colloquial and substandard units. It was revealed that news texts in Russian and English high-quality publications characterized by the presence of expert assessments and targeted at the educated reader, differ by homogeneous material flow and primarily using standard tokens. Tabloid edition aimed at a wide readership often use colloquial synonyms. It is determined that Russian-language rows have a higher coefficient of colloquialisms (17.2 %) than the English (4.8 %).

The results of the analysis conducted in the framework of a comparative linguistic study of patterns of collective memory reactualization in the media in Germany and Russia are presented. Ethnocultural specificity of the discursive practices of memory remains understudied. Collective memory is understood as discursive, socially constructed through relevant strategies phenomenon, as a symbolic reconstruction of the past that meets modern needs. Media as a tool of social control are effective means of manifestation of the collective memory. Object of research are the features of deactualizing presentation of the past in the media of the two countries, displacing communicative focus from specific events and counteracting the emotional involvement of the recipient and the formation of value attitude to the past. The relevance of this strategy is determined by the coexistence of competing pictures of the past and memory conflicts. Analyzed communicative interaction is characterized by the subject-object relation between the addresser and the addressee. According to the results of research it is concluded about the regularity of the implementation of the media installation for the mass desensitization of the recipient in relation to past events. The smaller relevance of the described strategy to the Russian media, the similarity of the repertoire of tactics of displacement of communicative focus from the evaluation of the fragments of a collective past in Russian and German media are mentioned. The most and least frequent tactics of deactualizing the presentation of the past are identified.

The article is devoted to the identification and description of meta-cognitive states, processes and operations and their role in language, communication, and cognition. It is shown that metacognitive states, and processes differ from strictly cognitive in three significant respects. First, they are reflexive in nature; second, they are divided into prototypical and derivative; third, they play a special role in language, communication and cognition. The main problem with this is the fact that metacognitive states can be expressed in language not only directly and explicitly, but they can be hidden, implicit, as well as syncretic with other important communicative meanings. Linguistic means of representing metacognitive phenomena highlighting their role in communication are systemized and characterized. It is indicated that language means, reflecting metacognitive states, are of various nature and show in particular how metacognitive states manifest themselves in behaviour and speech: the dreamy look , to watch closely , to refuse to recognize . The role of metacognitive states in learning and scientific knowledge is described. It is noted that verbalization of metacognitive processes in academic discourse is performed by means of expressions, showing the reflection of the knowing subject over produced mental operations: to define a problem , to suggest a hypothesis , to justify the relevance of a study , to sum up . In conclusion, it is emphasized that one of the most promising directions for future research of metacognitive problems is to compare and contrast knowledge and thinking, metacognition and “meta-thinking,” as well as the linguistic means of their verbalization.

The peculiarities of etiquette speech genre of “compellation” in the Russian spiritual letter are discussed. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the Church-religious style and written spiritual heritage of Russian Orthodox monasticism, by the interest to Russian speech etiquette and Russian epistolary traditions. The novelty of the study lies in the author’s reference to not previously studied texts of spiritual letters of the Russian Orthodox monks of the 20^th century, study of the interaction of language and religion, identification of the specifics of etiquette genres in religious style. The article focuses on the question of how the Hesychast idea of deification is embodied in the language of the genre of “compellation.” Also the attention is paid to the principles of theocentrism and christocentrism, determining the linguistic embodiment of the genre of “compellation.” With the help of illustrations it is shown that the specifics of the genre of “compellation” in the opening sentence of Russian spiritual letter is linked with the Christian worldview of the authors, adherence to ethical Hesychast doctrine. On the basis of involved linguistic material it is concluded that etiquette units which embody the idea of deification ( о Gospode , vo Gospode, vo Khriste, vo Khriste Iisuse, bogolyubivyy, bogolyubiveyshiy, rab Bozhiy ) become a stylistic marker. The analysis of complaints in the letters of clerical writers-monks from the point of view of their functions shows that, in addition to the usual functions of compellations, the texts of this genre realize the function of spiritual rapprochement of the author and the addressee.

The means of verbalization of the concept of CHALLENGE and the functioning of its lexical representatives in the texts of glossy magazines are considered. The conceptual, axiological and figurative components of the concept are studied by the method of conceptual analysis. It is noted that the concept under study has a large number of verbal representatives, characterized by the originality of the semantic and structural peculiarities in texts about fashion. A comprehensive study of the concept of CHALLENGE is necessary in order to ensure the effectiveness of the impact on potential buyers - recipients of “fashionable” product. The analysis of lexical means and ways of presentation of this concept in the fashion discourse creates the basis to explore means of speech manipulation by the consciousness of the target audience to change and correct beliefs and attitudes of its representatives. Axiological component of the studied concept is commented. The author argues that the main structural elements of the conceptual component of the concept of CHALLENGE in texts of glossy magazines are “a challenge to the norms of behavior in society,” “challenge to the fashion,” “challenge to myself.” These data make a presentation about one of the most popular concepts prevalent in the minds of readers of glossy magazines.

The role of numerical symbolism in the interpretation of the results of understanding the surrounding reality, interpreting its relations and properties, forming the image of the world is considered. Special attention is given to the transcendental nature of numerical symbolism, which consists in the fact that, being the archetype of the unconscious human, being one of the basic symbols and cognitive patterns common to all of humanity, the image of the number is incorporated in the human consciousness. Numerical symbolism, as one of the areas of human knowledge, played an important role in the formation of not only early ideas about the world, but also cultural systems in general. Contemporary understanding of the deep structure of nature and the human mind, based on the correlation with the number, indicates the use of numbers not only as a tool for calculation, but also as a tool of interpretation of properties and relations of reality, which is reflected in the language. The results of the comparative analysis of phraseological units with a numerological component in English, French, Russian languages are presented. Analysis of factual material shows that the numbers represent a character a class of signs focused on qualitative and quantitative assessment. This determines the relevance of further development of the problem of interpreting the potential number.

The article is devoted to translations by M. Dudin of the lyrics of Yeghishe Charents, outstanding Armenian poet of the early 20^th century. It is noted that the Armenian poetry took a prominent place in Dudin’s translation heritage, as evidenced by his numerous works that can be found in different collections of the poet. It is indicated that the life and creative path of the Armenian poet is largely responsible for the harmony of his lyrics with the lyric works of Russian poets. The article through the comparative analysis considers the translations of lyrical poems by Charents taking into account such criteria for the evaluation of translations as “adequacy,” “equivalence,” “usefulness,” “freedom of translation” etc. The examples show that Dudin translated the original verses of the Armenian master of word loosely, but he managed to keep their sense, style, rhythmic and prosodic organization. It is noted that the national identity of the Armenian poet is recreated in the Russian translations, that is a merit of the Russian poet and translator. It is concluded that the lyrics of Charents in Dudin’s translations found the new birth, because it began to sound with a new, overwhelming force, evidencing the translation professionalism of the Russian poet.

The subject of the research is hidden in the long work of cultural mechanisms origin and development of category of authorship. It is shown that this category gradually singled out from a triad playwright - actors - audience in the Golden age of English literature with the parallel development of dyad writer - readers . According to the author, this dyad began to strengthen with the advent of book printing, which, together with the theatre, led to the formation of a mass readership. The concept is provided, according to which the process of the category of authorship formation can be seen in W. Shakespeare, the genius author. It is suggested that one can speak about the first stage of approval of the “author” category in connection with the publication of the First folio in 1623. It is emphasized that the final transfiguration of W. Shakespeare in the author-creator was only by the end of the 18^th century - early 19^th century, when the English and German romantics turned to the concept of genius developed by I. Kant. It is argued that romanticism intuitively appreciated Kant’s creative imagination as a distinctive feature of Shakespeare’s works, and it came to the conclusion that the ability to imagine and to build a new world considers the subject of this ability as the chief creative component. Review of works of the 18^th century showed that English philologists have also contributed to the development of the category of authorship. So, E. Young was one of the first who clearly distinguished between imitators and the original authors. It is proved that the idea of originality developed in the romanticism to the idea of the poet as prophet, original and genius to such an extent that his time is not able to recognize him, and therefore, he will be completely appreciated only by future generations.

The process of formation of bases for self-identity are investigated as well as attribute characteristics of the humanitarian-artistic intelligentsia of Russia in 1830-1850. Specific features of the particular inter-class group of intellectuals of intelligentsia reflection are distinguished. The author identifies the self-identity of the noble intellectual elite outside the public service and a way of self-expression in literature as the key moments which determined the fate of pre-revolutionary Russian intelligentsia as a whole. A clear correlation between the development of public thought and literature, typical for the 19^th century, is mentioned. Special attention is paid to understanding the innovative role of the literary elite in the processes of socio-cultural modernization. Objectives of the study determined the certain stratum of exploratory analysis: the study of linguistic structures and speech practices - discourses that existed among educated communities in 1830-1850. Socio-political and psychological factors that influenced the choice of axiological meanings and behaviour patterns of various reference groups of literary and historiosophical orientation are analysed. Socio-philosophical analysis of the spiritual experience of the Russian culture revealed the phenomenon of intellectual history - a contemplative-philosophical linguistic social code and variations of communicative-cognitive relationship to the world of Russian intellectuals. Russian dominant of social consciousness is explored as a social phenomenon and objective representative of the realities of culture. Connotative, additional meaning to the antithesis of “Russia - West” are examined in the context of raising the national question in philosophical variations and personal associations of the authors of psycho-mental models of world construction.

The organizational and economic activities carried out on water transport during the second five-year plan are considered. The modernization of the river fleet in the face of rising water passenger transportation is now an urgent task in the field of the national economy. This article discusses the historical and economic restructuring experience of operation of water transport on the example of the Volga steamship lines. It is shown that in the 1930-ies the USSR river transport faced the financial-economic and technical challenges. It is argued that water transport of the Volga was of exceptional importance in the transport system of the national economy: in the mid 1930-ies the Volga fleet completed more than one-third of all river transport in the USSR. However, as the author points out, the logistics of rolling stock was worn out. In addition, river transport had problems of both economic and organizational nature. It is emphasized that as a result, the pace of modernization was very slow. The data are given that in 1934 People’s Commissariat of water transport held a reconstruction on the principle of production the territorial division to improve the work and eliminate organizational weaknesses in the management of river transport. It is reported that there were established three independent steamship lines on the Volga. The author argues that in fact, such organization of transport was not consistent with the principle of transverse fission of the river, that caused difficulties in the work of the river fleet.

The relationship between Russia and Hungary in the first years of the Great Northern war and the War of the Spanish Succession are analysed. The background of events of 1707-1708 is described. A brief overview of the contacts between the two states since the 15^th century is given. The development of the history of Hungarian lands in 16^th-17^th centuries is traced in general. The situation in Hungary and the Russian state on the eve of the recovery of the active relations of the two states is analysed. Special attention is paid to the negotiations, which were held in 1707 and led to the conclusion of the Union between Peter and II. Rákóczi Ferenc. For a better understanding of the causes of events of 1703-1711, special attention is paid to the biography of F. Rákóczi, changing in his worldview under the influence of external factors. There has been some transformation of the foreign policy of the Russian state, which was caused by the signing of the agreement between the tsar and Hungarian Prince. According to the author, negotiations between the Russian monarch and leader of the Hungarian rebels as well as an alliance between them could lead to significant changes in the development of Russian-Swedish and Austro-Hungarian conflict. The opposition of different forces has led to the fact that a promising union did not take place.

The activity of the Ural party-state leader in 1928-1937 years Ivan Dmitrievich Kabakov is considered. His role in the socialist transformation of the late 1920-ies - middle of 1930-ies is examined in the context of relations between the Centre and regions of the country, manifestations of regionalist trends, characteristics of industrial modernization. The urgency is determined by the appeal to the study of Soviet regional policy in the Urals of examined period through the prism of the interests of the region and assess the value of the personality of the leader of the Ural (Sverdlovsk since 1934) region. The author analyzes the influence of Kabakov initiatives on the development of “horizontal” economic ties. It is reported that he had provided maximum use of internal regional resources for local needs, upholding the positions of the Urals in the face of impending “centralization” of control and accelerated “industrialization.” One of the key findings of the study appears to be a statement about the importance of I. D. Kabakov as a political figure and business leader, who was built into the Soviet system of government, but who had considerable personal power, allowed to achieve a major production success that laid the image of the region for decades. Special role of the Urals in the territorial-economic complex of the country is emphasized.

The article is devoted to the subject rather poorly developed in the national historiography, especially in regard to its regional aspect. The study was conducted on materials of the State archive of the Sverdlovsk region and the Centre of documentation of public organizations of Sverdlovsk region with the assistance of the scientific and publicistic literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its known importance for the social sciences, especially history. Scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the new materials discovered by the author in these archives are introduced into scientific usage. The research proves the importance of a well-developed construction sector for sustainable economic development of society. It is argued that the development of this industry in the middle Urals in the early post-war years has never attracted special attention of historians for various reasons. It is declared that by the beginning of the Great Patriotic war Sverdlovsk region and the Urals as a whole has already taken a leading place among the industrial regions of the USSR. It is emphasized that moving to the Urals the large number of industrial enterprises in the years of the Great Patriotic war had serious positive aspect: it helped to increase the general level of the region’s economy. It is proved that the construction industry in the Soviet Union could not be leading by definition - the leading sphere was the sphere of military-industrial complex in all the years of existence of the USSR. It is noted that, despite some efforts have been made in the area of housing, there were no significant changes in providing housing for the population in 1946-1950. The conclusion is made that the Sverdlovsk region had modest progress in housing construction in the 1950-ies.

The article is devoted to the subject insufficiently developed in the national historiography, especially in regard to its regional aspect. The study was conducted on materials of the State archive of the Sverdlovsk region, the Russian state archive of economics and the Centre of documentation of public organizations of Sverdlovsk region with the assistance of the scientific and publicistic literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its known importance for the social sciences, especially history, sociology and law. Scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the new materials discovered by the author in these archives are introduced into scientific usage. It is argued that the criminality is one of the most difficult and intractable problems of human society. It is stated that the history of the Soviet economy is the history of the functioning of a huge diversified economy in extremely inefficient use of available resources and, as a consequence, a severe shortage of most kinds of wealth. It is declared that Soviet Union “inherited” from tsarist Russia a fairly powerful and extensive system of economic cooperation, the leading role in which played two types of cooperation: consumer and commercial. It is emphasized that during the war and early post-war years the criminalization of trade sector reached its peak. It is noted that one of the serious consequences of the war for the Soviet Union was the surge of all forms of crime. It is proved that the Soviet government during all the years of its existence struggled with the embezzlement of socialist property, but failed to achieve any significant success. The conclusion is that in terms of planning and distribution-scarce economy there could not be a different result.

The status of Cyprus in the late 1950-ies as well as the UK policy associated with the solution of the Cyprus problem are discussed. On the basis of British documents and sources on USA foreign policy of the mid-20^th century an overview of British foreign policy in relation to controlled island is made. Special attention is paid to project of the Prime Minister of Great Britain Harold Macmillan, according to which the status of Cyprus were to remain unchanged for seven years, and the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots could participate in the political life of the island through new organs of power, functioning separately for each community. The approach of foreign Minister and later Prime Minister of Great Britain H. Macmillan is analysed to normalization of the situation in Cyprus in the second half of 1950-ies, complicated as a result of national liberation struggle of the Greek Cypriots unfolding on the island, who supported the idea of enosis (a movement for annexation to Greece). Also the main problems and disagreements in the positions of Turkey, Greece and the UK on certain articles of Macmillan draft are highlighted. The number of the articles are considered on the emergence of new authorities and distribution of powers between the Governor of the island and government authorities.

The problem of the outbreak of civil war in the French Kingdom in the early 15^th century is studied. The author mentions the struggle for power in the government between two relatives of king Charles VI, Duke Louis of Orleans and Duke Jean the Fearless, as one of prerequisites. Their confrontation ended with the assassination of the Duke of Orleans on 23 November 1407. The article examines in depth the course of the investigation, which was conducted by the Provost of Paris, with the result that just in two days the circle of persons involved in the commission of the crime was defined, and the Duke of Burgundy was called the main suspect in its organization. On the basis of a wide range of sources the author has demonstrated the methodology of investigation in the Middle Ages. It is noted that it was quite effective for its time. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons that pushed the Duke of Burgundy for the murder. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the author considers the opinion of modern researches about the exclusively political motives of the crime insufficiently reasoned. The article also shows the fates of the participants in the crime, including the Duke of Burgundy, who was murdered in Montero in 1419.

One of the unsolved problems of history of the Turkic population of Western Siberia is considered about the group of Zakhrebetnye Tatars. It is noted that almost all researchers used in relation to the population the word zakhrebetnik , which for this period refers to dependent people, who did not have their own farms and worked and subsisted by other people’s yards. The novelty of the research is seen in the introduction into scientific circulation the new materials relating to various caste groups of Tatars of the Tyumen district. These materials allow to make different interpretation of the nature of Zakhrebetnye Tatars. It is proved that in the Tyumen district most of Zakhrebetnye Tatars were close relatives of serving Tatars (their brothers, sons, nephews) and were a personnel reserve for substitution of serving relatives who retired from service of old age or in death. It is reported that Zakhrebetnye Tatars owned - individually - arable and hay lands, and - in conjunction with Yasak Tatars - were the collective owners of patrimonial lands: hunting, fishing, hop, etc. It is emphasized that in this case Zakhrebetnye Tatars were exempt from paying tribute until 1730-ies and were in fact privileged group of the population.

The article on the basis of new and already known sources analyses changing approaches to the development of strategic aviation in 1950-1960-ies in the Soviet Union. It is shown that in this period the progress in the development of missile armament entailed the reassessment of the role of long-range aviation in the organizational structure of the Armed forces. The research urgency is caused by necessity of understanding the experience of “Khrushchev’s” military reform in the context of Russian reforms in the military sphere with similar goals and initial conditions. The author pays attention to military-technical aspect of the development of Soviet aviation in the considered historical period. Special attention is paid to N. S. Khrushchev’s role in the transformation of the air force. The research novelty is seen in the fact that the author tries to correct the point of view established in national historiography about the voluntarism of the head of state when making decisions about changing the organizational structure of the USSR Armed forces in 1950-1960-ies. It is argued that a partial reduction in aviation was caused by very specific reasons, the main of which were the technical backwardness of the Soviet strategic bombers from their foreign counterparts and the obvious advantage of missile armament over aircraft.

The article is devoted to the study of social consciousness in Russia during the political crisis of the late 1870-ies - early 1880-ies. Considering the social aspect of the crisis, the author pays special attention to the study of such characteristic trend in the crisis time as the exacerbation of social anxiety. Basing on official documents of the police department and the memoirs and testimonies of contemporaries, the author concludes that a marker of the rise of social disintegration was the anti-terrorist fever raged at this time in different strata of society. Its manifestations were not only the growth of mutual suspicion and widespread search for enemies of the existing state system, but also such phenomena of social life, as the proliferation of snitching, gossips going to the masses, and slanderous statements made in the mercenary purposes. The analysis of the manifestations of this kind of “witch hunt” helped to identify its dual social function. In terms of socio-political turmoil, the persecutions served as a simple way to make order in experiencing dissociation and at the same time offered opportunities for successful personal adaptation to it, allowed to derive personal benefits when one is ready to actively follow up the role settings and is able to take advantage of the situation.

The article is devoted to problem of organization of practice of medical care in Kemerovo (Ust-Iskitimskoye village of Verkhotomsk volost of the Kuznetsk district of Tomsk province until 1918, Shcheglovsk city in 1918-1932) in the late 19^th - first quarter of 20^th centuries. The research urgency is caused by studying the practice of formation of organizational structure of health care at low territorial levels. The novelty of the research is seen in the statement of the problem and its historiographical solution on the example of Kemerovo. The author considers peculiarities of the organization of the work of the rural medical station in the volost village Ust-Iskitimskoye, practice of rural medicine and uphold of the principles of the Soviet system of health care in Shcheglovsk. The specified period is proposed to suggest the initial stage in the organization of urban health. The essential characteristics of this stage are determined. Special attention is paid to the establishing medical personnel. Biographical background is given. The collected empirical material allows to eliminate inaccuracies and errors in coverage problems available in the regional literature. The author believes that the presented results are applicable for further study of the history of health service of Kuzbass, and in the didactic purposes for the formation of a civic position of a future medical worker.

The results of a comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese myths and legends about the mermaid are presented. Novelty of research consists in the fact that in the current research a comparative analysis of the image of such aquatic creatures in different cultural traditions is presented only to a small extent. Material of the analyses are the texts that contain mention of the mermaids and describe their appearance. The information is given about the origin of the image of a mermaid and a word mermaid . It is reported that in the Chinese records there are a lot of variations of this aquatic image, which can be separated into three main types: “Japanese Cryptobranchidae”, “sea monster” and “the mermaid tribe”. It is noted that third kind of them is closer to the image of a mermaid, which is known today, - the image of a young girl, living in the water (river, lake), who attracts to herself and has the gift to charm. The author points out that many known Chinese stories about the snake and the dragon can to some extent be considered the stories about the mermaid, because in Chinese myths and legends the fish, the snake and the dragon are associated with the water element, and these three images can be transformed into each other. Thus, the comparative analysis showed that there are more differences than similarities in Russian and Chinese mythological texts about the mermaid. They are explained by religious, socio-cultural factors, the difference of mentalities and the overall civilizational features of two cultures - China and Russia.

The phenomenon of Islamism is considered in the context of global civilizational processes. Features of political Islam are studied in the context of the conflict between technogeneous and anthropogenic civilizations. It is alleged that such a conflict determines the level of demand of Islamist movements in different historical periods, the basis of the understanding these processes, their prediction and the development of possible tools to correct them. The author notes that the emergence and development of Islam as most of the world’s religious movements took place in conditions of political bruises and the search for new ways of development meeting the current challenges. It is shown that this circumstance largely determined both the internal structure of these movements and the principles of their interaction with the external environment. It is proved that the Islamic systems confront the modern (primarily Western) society by seeing the basis of statehood in the spiritual (non-material) traditions. The author believes that political Islam is struggling not just with some isolated phenomena in society, but, in principle, with the structure and values of the modern Western (Anglo-American, Atlantic) civilization.

The problem of professional self-determination of graduates of secondary school is considered, which is directly linked with the request of modern society for the training of representatives of working professions. The authors point out the need for an integrated approach to the solution of this problem in the conditions of modernization of school education. The emphasis is made on the study of self-determination as the process of understanding and regulation of life in accordance with moral values. A review of legal documents is made, focusing on the formation of professional competencies that will help the graduate of the primary school to adapt in society when choosing a career. The results of a comparative analysis of the Bank of vacancies of Tobolsk Centre of Employment and the Department of Labour and Employment of the Tyumen Region are presented. The ratio of occupations demanded in the labor market are analysed, as well as career preferences of today’s youth. The conclusions are made by the authors based on the research of the interest of Tobolsk students to certain professions. The study had two stages: at ascertaining step the propensity of the graduate to work in various fields of professional activity was determined, in the control phase professions were identified to which graduates of the schools give the highest preference, and their compliance with the requirements of the modern labour market was established.

The assessment of own competencies by teachers of additional education is covered. The analysis of the results obtained by the questioning of the respondents - foreign language teachers working with children of preschool and younger school age. The questionnaire includes professional competencies which should be taken by the teacher. The respondents estimated these competencies according to the degree of importance for teaching in general and specifically for their work. A table is provided summarizing the results of the survey of 20 teachers of different age and sex, having a different work experience. The results of reflection of foreign language teachers regarding the ownership of different types of competencies, communicative, informational, organizational, and creative, are presented in the form of diagrams. The research urgency is caused by necessity of professional evaluation of teaching activities at a new level with the use of survey and reflection methods. It is noted that even at the stage of experiment forming there were positive changes in teachers’ work as professional self-esteem allowed them to actualize the problem areas in the teaching process, pay attention to the existing shortcomings in work and, consequently, correct them. It is indicated that the results of the study can be used in the preparation of the training course of teachers further education.

The relevance of the study is determined by the clear interest in contemporary educational practice to implement the requirements of training specialists able to compete in the labour market. The need for learning information-educational environment of a university in the modern context of teaching professionally-oriented foreign language is covered. A brief review of research on the subject is made, which confirms the possibility of exploring the pedagogical potential of this phenomenon. The research novelty lies in the formulation of the problem involving the identification of essence, structure and functional characteristics of the educational environment of the university in teaching professionally-oriented foreign language. Based on the presented approaches to the key concept the essence of “information-educational environment of the university” is clarified in the framework of professional training of future specialists. Attention is paid to the description of the fundamental principles of information-educational environment functioning: structuredness, hierarchy, openness, adaptability, variability, integration, interactivity. Structural components of information educational environment of the university within the framework of teaching professionally-oriented foreign language - organizational, task, resource and content, technological-procedural, socio-subject, - are distinguished, their content is revealed in detail. The functions of the information-educational environment of the university are described (educational, developmental, informational, reflective, functions of socialization). Their interrelation with the structural components is shown.

The relevance of the study of the phenomenon of “enlightenment,” its contemporary understanding and directions of development in the CIS is determined by the fact that enlightenment was for centuries a solid basis for the formation of close cultural and educational ties, and positive relations between peoples and states. The characteristics of the directions of development and transformation of traditional forms of enlightenment are considered. The list of experts, who are considered to be relate to the field of education (teachers, other employees of educational institutions, cultural institutions, primarily museums, officials of education funds, editors of educational media, heads of educational organizations, movements, communities, coaches, other personnel). The modern educational paradigm is characterized. It is shown that modern education is aimed at creating conditions for the manifestation of individuality, uniqueness of each individual. It allows to create practices for different social strata, groups, professional and interest groups, different individuals. Systemically-active, axiological and event approaches are leading in the study. The analysis showed that the change in the socio-cultural situation in the countries of the Commonwealth led to changes in approaches to the creation and implementation of educational practices, to the emergence of new areas of educational activities, recognition in the sphere of enlightenment the principle of creativity as a way of perceiving reality, the spread of new information technologies. This has led to new social needs, the dynamics of the quality of subjects of educational activities, changing its mission and aims (museums, theaters and other cultural and educational institutions, libraries, parks of culture and recreation, film studios, publishing houses, media, etc.), the emergence of new actors with the use of information technologies (cable and satellite TV, video and audio production, advertising, show business, educational tourism, including virtual, etc.). The study materials are recommended for analysis and projecting of joint educational activities of representatives of CIS countries.

The review of the book by Azerbaijani researchers Enver Chingisoglu (Ənvər Çingisoğlu) and Mahal Kadzhar (Mahal Qacar) “History of Maragheh,” published in 2016, is presented. The presentation of the content of the publication dedicated to one of the oldest cities in Western Iran and Iranian Azerbaijan is given. The first part of the book based on numerous publications, mostly in Persian language, analyzes the data on the origin of the city, geography of the Maragheh region and the history of Maragheh from antiquity to the 20^th century. It is reported that the second part of the book focuses on the historical role of Maragheh in the development of culture of Iran and Azerbaijan.

The review of the book by Azerbaijani researcher Enver Chigisoglu (Ənvər Çingisoğlu) “Khalkhal Khanate,” edited in 2016, gives an idea of the content of the publication dedicated to one of the lesser-known states, existing on the territory of Iranian Azerbaijan in 18^th-19^th centuries. It is reported that the book based on numerous sources analyzes data about history, geography and culture of Khalkhal Khanate.