Russian lexical borrowings in the gluttonic discourse of the French language as a result of French-Russian language contacts are considered. The authors point out that, despite the close cultural ties that linked France and Russia for several centuries, the percentage of Russian words in the French language is negligible, some of them are still not subjected to any scrutiny of linguists, belongs puttanesca discourse, and this is the novelty of this work. The results of the comparative analysis of Russian prototypes and reciprocal borrowing in the French language are presented from the perspective of the phonetic-graphical accent and specifics of languages of different structures. On the material of French culinary sites the authors formed the base of Russian borrowings in the sphere of gastronomy and described in detail the processes of phonetic-graphic assimilation. A review is made of allomorphic and isomorphic characteristics of the contact languages at the phonemic and prosodic levels, which determine the choice of a particular model of assimilation in the language-receptor. The study presents the classification of formal phonetic-graphic modifications of lexical units in the process of language transfer and inclusion in the new paradigm. The prospects for further research are outlined.

The problem of differences in the thought patterns of native speakers of Chinese and Russian languages is considered. The question is raised about the difficulties of translation related to structural differences of the two languages, determined by the spiral and straight patterns of thought. It is shown that when translating the texts from Chinese into Russian the transformation of the spiral scheme of thought of the Chinese language in the straight pattern of thought of the Russian language takes place. The article presents substantial structural differences in the grammatical structure of sentences in Chinese and Russian, having a significant impact on the translation and reception of the text. It is noted that the differences in language are determined by the Western and Eastern types of thinking. In particular, the opposition of human and nature in Western philosophy is emphasized, that results in the implementation of the straight schema of thinking syntax of the Russian language. In turn, ideas about the unity of man and nature in the Eastern philosophy predetermined the spiral scheme of thinking presented in the Chinese language. In conclusion the author states that different types of thinking create difficulties in translation, which require interpretation.

The results of the study of the current language situation in Sweden and the language policy, which is carried out in the country, are presented. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that similar processes of creating multilingual and multicultural communities are typical for many European countries. The study reviewed the factors that make up the prerequisites for the formation of the Swedish language policy. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the procedure of systematization of the factors that determine the interaction of the components of the language situation and language policy is developed. The results of the comparative analysis of the documents revealing the evolution of the language policy in Sweden are presented. Attention is paid to migration processes, which in the Swedish society give rise to the problem of cultural assimilation of migrants and the use of the Swedish language for inter-ethnic communication. The author presents the development of the reasons for the weakening of the Swedish language as a factor of national identification and strengthening the function of English as a language of internationalization. The author puts forward the position that minority languages can serve only as an ethnic attributes, not as a means of communication on a national scale. It is proved that the language policy is aimed at maintaining the main language - Swedish, linguistic assimilation of migrants and limiting the expansion of the English language.

The article considers individual author’s methods of structural and semantic transformation of phraseological units in Yu. Buyda’s book of stories. Transformations of this type in Yu. Buyga’s works include the following techniques: wedging, adding, lexical replacement, removal of idiom on the level of subtext. The essence of the game technique is to restore the original, direct meaning of the lexemes constituting a phraseological unit. This is achieved by playing out such characteristic features of phraseological units as the constancy of the lexical composition, the impermeability of the structure of phraseological units, the limited ability to combine with other elements of the text and attach dependent words. It is revealed that in the texts of Yu. Buyda this technique is implemented by introducing variables (occasional) lexical components in the updated structure of the idiom, grammatical transformations, as well as fixed order violations. As new, variable components the author uses lexemes of the same thematic area or those motivated by logical, intra-text and inter-text connections. The transformed phraseology unit actualizes the original appearance and meaning of the usual idiom. The paper shows that projecting the transformed phraseology on a contrast background created by the original unit generates a meaningful multiplicity, which is intended to create a comic effect. The discovery of new, hidden meanings is an inexhaustible source of comic. The originality of the phenomenon of language game, exploiting the technique of punish phraseology, which consists in the creation of layered polysemy, is demonstrated. The technique is not limited by the game of figurative and direct meanings of phraseology unit, but develops entire semantic series, providing several alternative game variants of interpretation.

The analysis of humorous media texts is carried out from the point of view of presence in them of pragmatic anomalies as a kind of language anomalies. The author assumes that consideration of pragmatic language anomalies of media texts of “Show “Uralskiye Pelmeni” within the framework of the theory of language anomalies allows to trace features of their functioning as means of the organization of entertaining texts. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that, despite the great interest of linguists in the study of the language game and the wide popularity of the “Show “Uralskiye Pelmeni,” the anomalies on which this media text is built, have not previously been analyzed. The main types of pragmatic anomalies are characterized: pragmatic-semantic and communicative-pragmatic. The following anomalies are attributed to pragmatic-semantic ones: contradiction between pragmatic presuppositions and assertive components of the meaning of a word, phrase or utterance; abnormal actualization of deictic indices; excessive “literalism” of pragmatic presuppositions; abnormal reference. Among the communicative-pragmatic anomalies the following phenomena are analyzed: presence in utterance false discourse implicators; anomalous intentionality of utterances; abnormal reasoning; abnormal operation of speech strategies de dicto / de re. The author comes to the conclusion that the presence of different types of pragmatic anomalies is due to the specifics of media text of humorous TV program “Show “Uralskiye Pelmeni,” assuming the presence of comic.

The article deals with some issues of spelling in the Kabardino-Cherkess language of socially-political words borrowed from the Russian language or through the Russian language. It is noted that over the past decades the vocabulary of the Kabardino-Cherkess language have a lot, a large number of borrowed words, especially of socio-political meaning, appeared. It is shown that the main source of development and enrichment of socio-political vocabulary of the Kabardino-Cherkess language is the Russian language. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that with such a large number of borrowings in the modern Kabardino-Cherkess language there is no uniformity in the writing of socio-political lexemes. The author analyzes the main disadvantages of the current rules of spelling. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the author suggests specific ways to overcome spelling instability in spelling of borrowed socio-political words. It is concluded that the current “Rules of spelling and punctuation of the Kabardino-Cherkess language” need to be reformed, it is necessary to develop scientific principles of spelling of borrowings in the Kabardino-Cherkess language. To solve this problem, it is proposed to establish a linguistic and terminological Commission in the Republic at the government level.

The semantic opposition “own - alien” and its transformation into a dichotomy “own - other” is considered from the position of a new interdisciplinary scientific direction - linguistic imagology. The definition of a new sphere of scientific knowledge is given with reference to the few authors developing this direction. The study is based on the material of English-language works of art devoted to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The authors of the studied works represent the position of the Israeli side of the confrontation. The linguistic means of realization of mechanisms and products of linguistic imagology are analyzed, such as auto- and hetero-image, stereotype, mythologeme. The semantic series “other, alien, enemy” and their actualization in the considered works of art are investigated. On the basis of the analysis the tendency of consideration of the Israeli and Palestinian sides of the conflict is revealed through the prism of dichotomy “own - other,” instead of the opposition “own - alien,” indicating the desire of the authors of the studied works to identify the proximity of the two peoples, the possibility of their peaceful coexistence, as evidenced by linguistic analysis of language means. The transition of the opposite side of the conflict from the circle of “aliens” to the circle of “others” is achieved, in particular, by uniting Palestinian and Israeli characters against third forces, which is actualized through inclusive “ we ,” parallel structures, aphoristic statements and rhetorical exclamations about the need to end the hostilities. Based on the results of the study, it is assumed that the English-speaking authors are in favour of smoothing the contradictions, seeking to represent the parties of the conflict as related peoples, equally willing to live in peace.

The article is devoted to the study of phraseological units with semantics of consequence. One of the segments of the concept of CAUSATION is considered, which covers causation, target, conditional and concessional relations. Linguistic and cultural analysis allows to reveal national and cultural peculiarities of verbalization of the mentioned semantics at the level of phraseology. It is shown that phraseological units, which contain the component of consequence in their structure, represent situations of emotional shocks, great physical and mental stress, have causal indicators ot kogo -, ot chego-libo ‘from someone, from something,’ are included in contexts, containing an indication of the cause. The analyzed material confirms the well-known thesis that idioms describing negative emotions prevail in quantitative terms over phraseological units representing positive emotions. The structure of the thematic group of phraseological units involving determination of such semantic groups as “Joy. Delight. Happiness,” “Fear. Horror,” “Anger. Rage,” “Despair,” “Anxiety. Excitement,” “Confusion. Shame,” “Sadness,” “Surprise. Astonishment,” “Suffering. Flour.” The main forms underlying the idioms in the studied groups are described. It is noted that in the structure of phraseological units components serdtse ‘heart,’ dusha ‘soul,’ golova ‘head,’ um ‘mind,’ pamyat’ ‘memory’ symbolizing the emotional and intellectual nature of a person are frequent.

The questions connected with the definition of communicative inequality of interlingual correspondences in translation are considered. It is noted that the correspondence between the units of the original text and the translation text can be represented by stable cross-language facts, which in turn in the conditions of this context are either communicative equivalent or communicative unequal. It is pointed out that the reason is the discrepancy between the language unit in the language system and its implementation in speech, that is, when translating it is important to determine the proper inter-language correspondences, and the correspondences between their uses in speech. In this regard, the authors use the notion of idiomaticity, which after N. K. Ryabtseva is defined as the typicity, stability of the use (combination) of linguistic units in speech. It is proved that when translating, the cross-language correspondences between the units of the source text and the translated text are found out at the level of the dictionary meanings of the lexemes with the preservation of grammatical forms and structures, but nevertheless, these correspondences are communicative uneven and inadequate from the point of view of their use in speech, and this determines the relevance of the study.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the compatibility of lexemes of comparative semantics sopostavleniye ‘comparison’ and v sopostavlenii s ‘in comparison with’. The question about ways of representation of components of comparative meaning in superficial syntactic structure is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the modern approach to grammar through the prism of semantics. The paper shows the possible ways to verbalize objects of comparison within the construction in a simple sentence. The main attention is paid to the description of typical contexts of the studied lexemes. The novelty of the research lies in the results obtained. The study found out that these tokens are characterized by two types of context: mental and evaluative, which reflects the procedure of comparison as a mental act. Attention is drawn to the fact that the matching parameter is verbalized in the evaluative context type. The semantic classification of mental predicates forming typical contexts of lexemes of comparative semantics is proposed. A comparative analysis is made of typical contexts of the lexeme sopostavleniye and noun relative v sopostavlenii s . The difference is shown both in the types of mental predicates that are specific to each of the tokens and in the types of contexts. It is established that another type of context is typical for the noun relative - existential context. As a result, it is concluded that the difference in typical contexts confirms the fact of started separation of the word form v sopostavlenii s from the paradigm of noun sopostavleniye .

The article discussed the functioning of humorous utterances in modern language. Literary (essays) and cinematic works by Woody Allen as a vivid representative of the American humorous tradition of the 20th-21st centuries served as the material for the study. The novelty of the research consists in commenting on humorous utterances using a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of the cognitive and cultural base of an utterance, its communicative, discursive and linguistic features. It is shown that humorous utterances cannot be considered outside the trichotomy «consciousness, communication, speech”. It is emphasized that the latter can simultaneously realize the functions of communication, information and impact. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that this type of utterance is characterized by a special correlation between the content plane and the expression plane, since it is intended to extract a particular reaction of the reader / listener - laughter. It is shown that idiomaticity and stylistic accuracy based on the creative use of linguistic means are typical for humorous utterances, due to their functional orientation. Particular attention is paid to structural features: it is argued that modern humorous utterances can be both monomodal (verbal) and multimodal (video-verbal) by nature.

A comparative analysis of peculiarities of the use of lexical means by sports commentators of the USA and Russia in the framework of discourses verbalized by two different languages, English and Russian, is carried out. The relevance of the research is due to the strengthening of the personal nature in the sports commentary, which is saturated with specific features and individual author’s emotions. This trend can be demonstrated most clearly through the analysis of lexical means. The material of the study were fragments of sports comments of American and Russian TV channels in gymnastics and tennis in English and Russian. Special attention is paid to the study of lexical means through comparative discourse analysis. The author has identified the features common to the speech of sports commentators of United States and Russia: presence of emotional and evaluative vocabulary, terminology, jargon, professionalisms. It is argued that differences at the lexical level are manifested in quantitative indicators of word consumption. It is proved that American journalists assess the sporting event primarily from the point of view of their professional experience (sports or journalistic), while Russian journalists seek to convey the atmosphere of a sporting event and prove themselves as creative individuals.

The results of analysis of colour vocabulary in the story by Boris Akunin “Sigumo” are presented. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of the category of “colour” for the human worldview and individual author’s picture of the world. The paper provides a brief overview of linguistic literature devoted to the study of colour vocabulary. The author proceeds from the fact that the vocabulary with the meaning of colour in an art work reflects the originality of the colour picture of the artist’s world and, therefore, is an important feature of the holistic artistic picture of the world. The novelty of the research lies in the choice of the product for analysis. The facts of using colour vocabulary in the text of the story by Boris Akunin “Sigumo” are the material for the study. Colour vocabulary is classified by lexical-grammatical feature and by the nomination object. Special attention is paid to colour lexis within the lexical-semantic group of “white” and “black colour” as the most important and most frequent in the colour pattern of the studied art work. It is argued that colour contrast is one of the dominant principles of constructing the analyzed literary text. The author concludes that B. Akunin shows that clear boundaries between black and white does not exist in the same way as there is no clear boundary between good and evil, ugliness and beauty, the Western and Eastern worlds.

The article is devoted to stylistic aspect of the functioning of Russian particles. The functionality of the particles as a means of creating stylistic techniques and idiostyle of the writer are discussed. By example of one of the most frequent inter-style particles with a restrictive semantics - the word tolko ‘only’ - the implementation of the semantic-pragmatic properties of the particles in the space of the fiction text is shown. It is determined that the principal manifestations of the semantics of restrictiveness (evaluation of a feature as the only one and evaluation of a feature as insignificant, unimportant one) typical to tolko create a database to use particles for creating an image of character, and to express the main ideas in works by Boris Vasilyev. In particular, on the material of the story “Do not shoot the white swans” the role of the particle tolko is described as a marker of the meaning ‘insignificant’ in creating the image of the protagonist. It is shown that the author of the novel uses the techniques of repetition and gradation: in constructions of the type not X, but only Y , where the positions of X and Y are replaced by predicates, the action of Y is evaluated as insufficiently active against the background of the negative (explicitly or implicitly) expected active action. It is proved that the use of structures with a particle ‘only’ allows the writer to emphasize the main features of the the central character - meekness, irresponsibility and so on. The conducted research allows to supplement the general picture of functioning of tolko ‘only’ in the modern Russian language

The article continues the studies dedicated to the study of literature of Russian Far Eastern emigration, on the example of B. M. Yulsky’s works (1911-1950?), whose life and fate were linked with Far Eastern emigration. The research urgency is caused by the fact that B. Yulsky appears to be poorly known prose writer of the Russian Diaspora in the Far East, and the analysis of his creativity contributes to the restoration of an objective picture of the Far Eastern literary life in the first third of the 20th century. The object of study in the article is the art works from the only book by the author “Green Legion,” which was first published in the homeland of the writer, in Vladivostok in 2012. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that this collection of short stories includes collected in the pages of Russian periodicals of China (mostly in Harbin journal “Rubezh”) artworks by Yulsky. It is proved that the merit of the writer was the appeal to the regional material that gave “Far Eastern” flavour to the prose. The article presents the results of attempts to found out a special type of hero and motifs related to it in the works by Yulsky. The stories are considered, which reveal an interaction of Oriental and Western cultures in the works of Russian writer. The study continues the previous developments on this topic by the author. The comparison is made on the example of the motif of madness and death.

The article continues a series of articles devoted to the novel “Corinna, or Italy” by Germaine de Staël, French writer of the 19th century. The article analyzes the system of modelling, typologization and functioning of time plans in the text of the work. The plot-forming and sense-forming functions of time are distinguished. The author of the article also points to the use of perceptual type of temporary construction of the text associated with the subjective author’s narrating. It is argued that this feature of the presentation deepens psychologism and enhances the moral and ethical problems of the novel. It is revealed that the category of time in the novel “Corinna,” in addition to purely rational, acquires additional symbolic significance. The author of the article believes that G. de Staël turns this or that historical time into some additional sign of the event. It is emphasized that the individual author’s symbolism is created in the novel by addressing the ancient history of Italy. It is noted that G. de Staël, without abandoning the traditional methods, also realizes her poetic findings. The author proves that the principles of temporal construction of the novel text evolve in accordance with the writer’s search for new forms.

Significance and deep psychologism of one of Emily Bronte’s most famous poems “Remembrance” is considered. Attention is paid to the analysis of translations of this poem into Russian. The results of comparative analysis of two translations of this poem made by T. Gutina, famous translator of E. Bronte’s poetry, and Sh. Fenn, translator under the pseudonym, are presented. The question of relevance of the study of Emily Bronte’s poetry from the standpoint of psychoanalysis is raised. Special attention is paid to equivalence and adequacy in the translation of poetry. The key positions of the analysis of the translations of the poem by E. Bronte necessary for the transmission of the meaning of her poetry are determined. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that Emily Bronte, the author of the novel “Wuthering Heights,” well-known to Russian readers, is completely unknown for her poetry, which is rightfully worthy of attention of readers. The relevance of the research is due to the need to determine the basic key positions of the poetry translation, namely: preservation of the logical content, rhythmic and melodic pattern, stylistic expression when translating. The facts are given, urging that to pass the rhythm of a funeral march is fundamental for the poem “Remembrance”, and it was implemented in translators in full. The author focuses on the analysis of the system of images, as well as those formal characteristics of the poem, which contribute to the understanding of its deep meaning.

The study is devoted to the functioning of place names in the artistic space of the novel “Master and Margarita” by M. A. Bulgakov. The author assumes that place names are the evidences of historical conditions of development of society, they reflect historical and cultural information. It is noted that place names keep information about people’s activities in different eras, about the migration of peoples, about historical events and personalities, about the mythological views of the people. It is argued that the historical and linguistic analysis of place names, which occupy a significant place in the fabric of a work of art, should be based on the determining the relations of nominations with history and culture of a country and a city. The author shows that the study of historical component of the material of the novel “Master and Margarita” allows deeper understanding of the author’s idea, his idea of contrasting light and darkness, reflected in the names of urban areas and streets. Special attention is paid to the name Patriarshiye Ponds , including related historical data. The controversial issues of reliability of certain aspects of the novel are highlighted. The conclusion about the importance of a comprehensive study of toponymic units in Bulgakov’s works is made.

The work of the anti-sectarian mission of the brotherhood of the Holy cross in the Nizhny Novgorod diocese, founded in connection with the decree of 1905, which established freedom of religion for sectarians, is considered. It is indicated that at that time a sect was understood as religious association, deviating from the dogmatic teaching of the Orthodox Church (except for the Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism). It is shown that the Nizhny Novgorod mission conducted polemic conversations, teachings, anti-sectarian conversations at fairs, distributed free leaflets and brochures, organized short-term anti-sectarian courses for clergy, as well as for peasants during fairs. It is noted that the parishes created societies and brotherhoods of Orthodoxy zealots, but they were few. It is shown that during the First world war polemic conversations were replaced with preaching ones, technical novelty was used at meetings with peasants - a lantern with light pictures, in the course of conversations the main emphasis was placed on enlightenment of the Orthodox people of the state Church. The author notes the difficulty of assessing the success of the anti-sectarian mission, since there were no exact data on the number of sectarians, their transitions from Church to sect and back. Along with that the growth of sectarianism caused by the unconscious attitude of the Orthodox people to Church life and apostasy occurred secretly. It is concluded that the work of the anti-sectarian mission was mainly of a preventive nature.

The ideological conditions and mechanisms of formation of the Fund of children’s publications in the 1920-30s are considered. The review of various types of historical sources and works of modern scientists on similar problems is carried out. The author analyzes the state policy in the sphere of formation of the common information space for children and teenagers through printed publications as more accessible and effective mass media. Particular attention is paid to the key positions in the texts of documents relating to the development of children’s books, magazines and newspapers. The state bodies implementing the party’s policy in the field of publications for children and youth are listed. The review of the themes of children’s books and periodicals is made, that allows to draw conclusions about the image of a new hero for Soviet children they create. The article raises the question of the content and fullness of library collections in the departments of children’s literature. The direction of library “purges” as the most important factor influencing the formation of information space of younger generation is analyzed. The interdisciplinary methodological approach allows to study objectively the process of acquisition of a universal fund of printed publications for children and teenagers, to analyze and systematically present the content of books and periodicals, to assess the educational potential of the formed information space.

The article is devoted to the subject insufficiently developed in the national historiography. The purpose of writing this work was to study the problem of periodization of the history of higher education system (HPES) in Russia. The relevance of the topic is due to its importance for the social sciences, primarily for the history of science. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that it explores a problem relatively poorly developed by historians of science, formulates possible reasons for this, as well as criticizes the existing models of periodization of the Russian HPES. It is noted that this system today is an integral part of the functioning of the human community. It is argued that the role of HPES in scientific and technological progress as the main driving force of any socio-economic formation is primarily in ensuring the reproduction of qualified personnel - human capital. It is stated that in modern conditions the importance of HPES as an important factor in the formation of a new quality of the economy and society will only increase. It is stated that the problems of HPES in the framework of European and domestic education have been studied as a whole quite well, but this does not concern the problem of periodization of its history. It is proved that this problem is usually presented fragmentally in the majority of studies devoted to the history of science. The author explains the reduced interest of researchers in the development of the problem of periodization of the process of occurrence and development of HPES in Russia by several main reasons. The existing models of periodization of the history of the Russian HPES are critically analyzed. The conclusion is made about the need to continue work on improving the models of such periodization, which will contribute to the creation of an objective picture of the formation and development of higher education in Russia.

The history of the Italian diplomatic struggle for recognition of the Italian control over the Dodecanese Islands during the period of Italian neutrality during the First world war is considered. The archipelago, captured by Italy during the Libyan war of 1911-1912, was of great strategic importance as a natural centre for establishing a sphere of influence in the Eastern Mediterranean. Italy de facto refused to implement the provisions of international treaties providing for the evacuation of Italian occupation forces from the archipelago. The article proves that during the First world war, especially during the period of Italian neutrality (1914-1915), each of the opposing sides - the Entente (France, Great Britain, Russia) and the Central powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) - sought Italy’s entry into the war on their side, using the issue of the Dodecanese Islands to strengthen Italy’s interest in participating in the war. At the same time, Greece, which the great powers also sought to bring to participate in the war, also sought to establish its own control over the Islands of the archipelago. In a situation where Germany and Austria-Hungary could not oppose the interests of their ally - the Ottoman Empire, for France and Britain the decisive question was which country they were more interested in attracting to participate in the war - Italy or Greece. As a result, Italy chose to go to war on the side of the Entente, because the territorial concessions offered by the Entente countries to Italy were much more significant than the proposals of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Dodecanese Islands remained a bargaining chip in the great diplomatic game.

The article presents a pioneer in the domestic historiography attempt of scientific understanding of the historical evolution of the practices of using the advantages that gives Yakut long period of stable low temperatures in the food system of the Yakuts during the XIX - beginning of the XXI centuries. While preparing this work, the author relied on a new direction of scientific research developed under the guidance of academician V. P. Melnikov - cryosophy, in which the cold climate is perceived as a source of additional benefits and opportunities to humanity. In this regard, the article shows the role of climatic conditions of winter time in the preparation of food and its storage. It is established that, despite the certain sequestration of practices of the use of such “cold resources” happened due to the complex of objective and subjective factors, they continue to occupy a serious place in the life of the Yakuts. In addition, the positive significance of the interethnic dialogue of the population of Yakutia was noted in terms of the exchange of experience relating to the application of the studied in the work “winter preferences” and its development.

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the state military horse breeding in Russia in the 18th-19th centuries on the example of Pochinkovsky stud farm. Data on history of origin in this region of horse-breeding activity are presented. The authors dwell on the characteristics of the architectural complex of the stud farm, infrastructure developed in its territory, provide data on the quantitative composition of factory employees and the administration, indicating their rights and obligations. Special attention is paid to the analysis of methods of selection work, breeds of horses, quality of their service. It is proved that high performance of Pochinkovsky stud farm was determined by the favorable climatic conditions, a century of experience in equine activities, significant funding from the state, as well as a high degree of operation of peasants assigned to it. It is emphasized that the creation of a network of military stud farms like Pochinkovsky was one of the government’s measures to strengthen the military power of the Russian Empire. The novelty of the research is due to its contribution to the development of scientific ideas about the role of the Pochinkovsky stud farm in Russian life during the 18th-19th centuries and its influence on the economic structure of the Pochinkovsky County and Nizhny Novgorod province as a whole.

Relevance of the work is caused by the need of professional training of masters of land management and cadastres for activity in management of land resources and real estate objects. The attention is focused on the obligation to comply with the requirements of the Federal state educational standard for the implementation of the content of educational programmes of master’s training in the electronic information and educational environment, including programmes with the use of distance learning technologies. The didactic possibilities of electronic educational resources of distance learning systems as modern multimedia and interactive means of teaching master students are characterized. The conclusion is made about possibility of improvement of methodical training of masters in “Land management and cadastres” in the field of land administration through the establishment and implementation into the pedagogical practice of an electronic educational resource of the same name. The main requirements imposed to electronic educational resources are marked: availability of methodical recommendations and thematic planning of a course; use of multimedia and interactive format of representation of electronic content of a training course; convenience of navigation on a resource; the organized feedback with the teacher; open system of estimation and control of educational activity of the trained. The results of the creation of an electronic educational resource for masters of the direction “Land management and cadastres” on the course “Management of land resources and real estate” are demonstrated. The conclusion about the prevailing positive characteristics of e-learning resources is made. The question of the need for special training and motivation of teachers to create electronic educational resources and their placing on the platform of distance learning is raised.

The questions of improvement of research competences of a school teacher are considered. The competences of a teacher-researcher are interpreted as developing professional and personal properties with a complex structure, the elements of which are focused on the implementation of the functions of the research activities of a school teacher; they are integral and integrative; they contribute to self-development of a teacher in the chosen field of activity and the realization of his / her potential; form conditions to search for new information required in the resolution of difficult situations at a specific school according to the goals and objectives of the contemporary general education. The relevance of this article is associated with the increasing requirements imposed by society to the research activities of a modern school teacher. Areas of application of professional efforts are defined, where the research potential of a teacher is manifested most actively: the area of analysis, synthesis and mastering innovative pedagogical experience; field of popularization and initial practical use of innovative pedagogical experience and advanced developments; area of improvement of professional skills and disclosure of the creative potential of a teacher; area of innovative processes in the education system. Four levels of development of the research competences available to the school teacher are established: basic, empirical (locally-initiative), productive (tactical) and constructive (strategic) for which different degree of development of research competences is characteristic. The technology of improving the research competences of a school teacher is proposed, which includes four stages: motivational-target, theoretical, design, practical, control and remedial.

The review of unique “memorial” edition “Life of Remarkable People of Physical and Mathematical Faculty” devoted to genesis and main stages of formation of physical and mathematical school in Samara (Samara State Socio-Pedagogical University) is presented. A detailed analysis of the presented material is made, which covers almost a century-old history of the physical and mathematical school, from the 1930s until today. Attention is focused on the composition of the book, reflecting its main idea: to show the continuity of generations and the importance of each teacher both as a person and as a scientist, as well as a teacher who contributed to the development of the scientific school.

The review of G. E. Korolyova and M. G. Sergeyeva’s monograph “Information and communication technologies in economic education of high school students” reports that the book presents the scientific foundations for continuing economic education, including the genesis of economic thought in Russia, taking into account foreign experience in the use of information and communication technologies in school economics education. The interpretation of informatization of school economic education in modern conditions is positively estimated from the point of view of an assessment of opportunities and risks of informatization of school economic education and taking into account available experience of studying of economy in high school.

It is reported that the monograph “Information and communication technologies in economic education of high school students” (2016), prepared by G. E. Korolyova and M. G. Sergeyeva, presents extensive pedagogical capabilities of the electronic form of the textbook. The features and the degree of activity of the use of the electronic form of the textbook by teachers of social and humanitarian profile are analyzed. The reasons of theoretical and practical nature are revealed, as a result of which the electronic form of the textbook insufficiently realizes the potential in the developed pedagogical practice. It is concluded that there is no scientifically grounded approach to the formation of the content of the electronic form of the textbook. The variant of solution of the problem on the basis of the model of the contents of the electronic form of the textbook developed for economic education in high school is shown.